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Devitt and Sterelny (1987) call this the "qua-problem." They concede that
the celebrant at a naming ceremony, or other person responsible for any of
a name's groundings, must not be categorically mistaken and must indeed
intend to refer to something of the appropriate category. This is a mild con-
cession to Descriptivism.
There are more objections (some of them further ones of Evans'). The
majority position seems to be that Kripke initially overreacted to the
Descriptivist picture. He was right to insist that causalhistorical chains of
some kind are required for referring and that descriptions do not do nearly as
much work as Russell or even Searle thought they did; but (as critics, includ-
ing Kripke himself, maintain) there still are some descriptive conditions as
well. The trick is to move back in the direction of Descriptivism without
going so far as even Searle's weak Descriptivist doctrine. But that does not
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