Formaldehyde
cells without (and also in presence of) external metabolic activation. DNA-protein crosslinks are a
sensitive measure of DNA interaction by formaldehyde.
In vivo, the overall evidence of available studies supports the conclusion that the genotoxic effects
after exposure via relevant routes are limited to those cells which are in direct contact with
formaldehyde and no effects are observed in distant-site tissues. This is consistent with
formaldehyde's high reactivity with many cellular nucleophiles and its rapid metabolic degradation.
Results of human cytogenetic population monitoring studies are somewhat equivocal, as noted in
WHO IARC (1995). An increased incidence of micronucleated buccal or nasal mucosal cells was
observed in occupationally exposed subjects Chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid
exchanges (SCE) in peripheral lymphocytes of exposed persons were seen in some studies but not in
others
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