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of Donnellan that communication goes by speaker-referent rather than semantic
referent. That would introduce a notion of "disagreement" between speakers
that is weaker than clash of semantic content.
4 This point needs further investigation, to say the least, since on Searle's view,
even though two such speakers may succeed in picking out the same individual,
the sentences they use will still have different meanings and, for all that has been
shown, we may still get the nondisagreement problem.
5 This is an example of the Russellian's departure from Frege. Frege did not allow
that proper names have scope at all.
6 In introducing this example in lecture form at Princeton University in 1970,
Kripke interjected, "I hope Professor Gödel is not present" (p. 83).
Chapter 4
1 See Lewis (1986) and Lycan (1994).
Notes 193
2 This is an important qualification
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