Pinched Nerve Introduction •31 pairs of spinal nerves •nerve consists of: dorsal root – selgmine närvijuur dorsal root = afferent (toob signaali) ventral root – kõhtmine närvijuur ventral root = efferent (viib signaali) https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/drawing-medical-didactic-board-anatomy-hum Causes •Injury •Rheumatoid or wrist arthritis •Stress from repetitive work •Hobbies or sports activities •Obesity https://edition.cnn.com/videos/spanish/2014/07/10/cnnee-pm-intvw-neymar-duplicate-2.cnn https://jf0dzhdbb154mwba9dwvqc9-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp- Symptoms •Numbness or decreased sensation •Sharp, aching or burning pain •Tingling, pins and needles sensations •Muscle weakness in the affected area •Frequent feeling that a foot or hand has "fallen asleep...
organism answers it. This approach must lead to a tripartite classification on nervous functions: reception through the senses, reaction from the muscles and glands, and a conduction and integration system that mediates between these two functions. Stimulus excites receptors, specialized structures capable of translating some physical energy into a nervous impulse. Once a receptor is stimulated, the excitation is conducted farther into the nervous system. Bundles of nerve fibers that conduct excitation toward the brain or spinal cord are called afferent nerves. These fibers transmit their message still farther; in the simplest case, to other fibers that go directly to the effectors, the muscles and glands that are the organs of action. Nerve fibers that lead to the effectors are called efferent nerves. The transmission path from receptors to effectors is usually more circuitous than this
Preparation Sheet for Test December 6, 2012 Grammar: Conditionals 2+3, Wishes, Would Rather And the following Vocabulary: Descending-kahanev sheer lunacy-puhas hullumeelsus emerge-tekkima triumphant- võidukas kick-löök punch- leap-hüpe hand-gliding-libisemine fly fishing-lend püük co-operative-ühistu nerve-racking-närvesööv accurate-täpne determined-kindlaks määratud daring-uljus archery, archer, arrows-vibulaskimine badminton-sulgpall snooker-biljard range-valik pitch shuttlecock-sulgpall racquet cue-kii championship-võistlused institution-institutsioon amateur-amatöör compete-võistlema trophy-trofee substantial-märkimisväärne gilt-kullatud highlight-esile tõstma commissioner-komisjonär elaborate-täpsustama extravaganza-ekstravekantne feature-tunnusjoon anthem-hümn
responsible for regulating the activity of internal organs. It includes sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. AXON – A fibre-like extension of a neurone which allows transfer of information to target cells Away from axon hillock*. AXON HILLOCK – The region of the neuronal cell body where the axon emerges and where the action potential is generated as a net effect of the integration of neuronal stimulation and inhibition. AXON TERMINAL – Nerve ending which forms presynaptic element of the neurone where synaptic vesicles* are accumulated. BASAL GANGLIA – Subcortical clusters of neurones, which include the following nuclei: caudate, putamen, globus pallidus and substantia nigra. They play a role in movement control. BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER – A barrier made of epithelial cells which line the blood vessels of the brain. These cells form very tight junctions and control the passage of the chemicals between the blood and brain.
16 mg of caffeine every day, which makes it America's most popular drug. Caffeine is generally 17 consumed in coffee, cola, chocolate, and tea, although it is also available over-the-counter as a 18 stimulant. 19 Caffeine is believed to work by blocking adenosine receptors in the brain and other organs. This 20 reduces the ability of adenosine to bind to the receptors, which would slow down cellular 21 activity. The stimulated nerve cells release the hormone epinephrine (adrenaline), which 22 increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood flow to muscles, decreases blood flow to the skin 23 and organs, and causes the liver to release glucose. Caffeine also increases levels of the 24 neurotransmitter dopamine. 25 Part of the reason caffeine is classified by the Food and Drug Administration as generally 26 recognized as safe is that toxic doses (over 1000 mg for an average adult) are much higher than
future .Each smoke, they pulled by damaging their body. Smoking is harmful to humans. The smoke contains many toxic agents. Smoking causes all sorts of horrible diseases - which can be fatal. Usually young people begin to smoke mostly out of boredom or large nervous tension. Many young people also want desperately to quit, but they will not be able to the more so because the body is accustomed to smoke too much, and if they can not reach your collection they become nervous. Smoking damages the nerve cells. If a person does not smoke anymore, he starts to heal the whole feeling in a few days. Physical form and stamina will increase slowly. Economically, the person holds a total of smoke at the expense of thousands of euros a year. When people stop smoking, lose many of their jobs. Some people live just because of the fact that they produce smoke. Many companies go bankrupt. Only improves human health, there is less risk of getting lung cancer. As
• After using Electronic Aspirin: - 68% patients said that it helps and improved their quality of life. - 32% patients told that Electronic Aspirin doesnt help. - We have not tried Electronic Aspirin, but we belive that it works and we would like to use it. Cluster headache • Cluster headache is a highly disabling chronic neurological condition characterized by intense stabbing pain in the area of one eye. • It is caused by activation of trigeminal nerve. • Caused by abnormalities in hypothalamus. Need • The electrical aspirin has developed in order to save people from extreme headaches. • A lot of patients get tired of traditional ways of solving this issue like pills that take time to react, therefore in some extreme case patients have committed suicide. • This technology will improve their quality of life. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATENTION!
Altitude Kõrgus Expand Laiendama Amateur Amatöör Explosive Lõhkeaine And so forth Ja nii edasi Extravaganza Priiskav etendus Anthem Hümn Fan Fänn Archer Vibukütt Feature Joon, tunnus Arrows Nooled Free fall Vaba langemine Attach Lisama, kinnitama Gilt Kullatis Backgammon Triktrakk (lauamäng) Glide Liuglema Band Vöö, pael Graceful Sujuv Boulder Rähn Handkerchief Taskurätt Bow Kummardama Highlight Esile tõstma Bungee cord Bendzi nöör Instinct Instinkt Carry out L...
Pinerolo (jääkeegel) Pragelato (suusakahevõistlus, murdmaasuusatamine, suusahüpped) Sauze d'Oulx (vigursuusatamine) Sestriere (mäesuusatamine) Torino (jäähoki, ilu- ja kiiruisutamine) Alad Murdmaasuusatamine Kahevõistlus Suusahüpped Mäesuusatamine Vigursuusatamine Lumelauasõit Laskesuusatamine Kiiruisutamine Lühirajauisutamine Iluuisutamine Kelgutamine Bobisõit Skeleton Curling Jäähoki olümpiamängud Maskotid olid lumepall Nerve ja jääkuubik Gliz Medalid Logo Avatseremoonia 79 riiki Sportlasi 2494 (naisi 955) Mängude avaja: Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, Itaalia president Sportlaste vande andja: Giorgio Rocca, mäesuusataja Kohtunike vande andja: Fabio Bianchetti, uisutamine Olümpiatule süütaja: Stefania Belmondo, murdmaasuusatamine Eesti lipu kandja: Eveli Saue (avamisel), Kristina Smigun (lõpetamisel) Eesti koonids olümpiamängudel
Are you experienced? By William Sutcliffe Have you ever thought about backpackers and what makes them go to such a nerve-racking trip? Or do they regret leaving modern life behind and packing it up to find themselves in 3 rd world countries? I had thought about it before, however newer as thoroughly as William Sutcliffes novel made me think. The author writes about the struggles and triumphs in adjusting to major environmental changes and issues with other travellers that appear in every other backpackers journey. The book is entertaining though it’s full of problems that the 3 rd world has and it highlights them in almost unnoticeable ways. “Are you experienced “ draws attention to food and water problems that are common in India. There were many detailed descriptions of diseases and parasites, they were rather disgusting. Even the thought of the situation where locals can’t drink tap water or they even don’t have running water ...
soap soapy experiment experimental violence violent business busy modest modesty problem problematical employee employable business busy fluff fluffy possibility possible cleverness clever verb verbal silk silky nerve nervous hair hairy hate hateful ancestor ancient sensation sensational continent continental energy energetic tragedy tragic rain rainy misery miserable importance important Noun Adjective
"The English Patient" is the most well-known book by Canadian writer, poet and academician. The main activity happens in 1930.-1940. Egipt and during the last days of World War II in one Italy nunnery which was changed after the war to sickbay. · Almásy is not English. He is Hungarian by birth. Almásy's manner is knowledgeable and reflective. Almásy is not a highly dynamic character, he is intriguing and mysterious figure. He is portrayed in a sympathetic light. He was part of a British archaeological group and also as afterwards reveals a spy. · Hana was a twenty-year-old Canadian Army nurse. She put all of her energy into caring for the English Patient. When the hospital was abandoned, Hana refused to leave and instead stayed with her patient. She sees Almásy as saint like and with the "hipbones of Christ". She falls in love with the English Patient in a purely non-sexual way. She also cut of...
TALLINNA TEENINDUSKOOL **** ***** KT20-KES1 LIHASMAPP JUHENDAJA: SIRET RANNIK TALLINN 2020 1 Sisukord Ülajäseme pindmised lihased ........................................................................................................... 3 1. Õlavarre kakspealihas m. biceps brachii .................................................................................. 3 2. Õlavarre-kodarluu lihas m. Brachioradialis ............................................................................ 4 3. Deltalihas m. Deltoideus .......................................................................................................... 5 4. Õlavarrelihas m. Brachialis ...................................................................................................... 6 5. Trapetslihas m.trapezius ..............................................................
Weather forecast. Millions of people tune into the weather forecast each evening on television. Most of them imagine that the presenter does little more than arrive at the studio a few minutes before the broadcast, read the weather, and then go home. In fact, this image is far from the truth. The two-minute bulletin which we all rely on when we need to know tomorrow's weather is the result of a hard day's work by the presenter, who is actually a highly-qualified meteorologist. Every morning after arriving at the TV studios, the first task of the day is to collect the latest data from the National Meteorological Office. This office provides up-to-the-minute information about weather conditions throughout the day, both in Britain and around the world. The information is very detailed and includes predictions, satellite and radar pictures, as well as more technical data. After gathering all the ...
· Enamus lihaseid on nende kolme lihakiudude tüübi segu · A- aeroobsed (punased) kiud · AN- anaeroobsed (valged) kiud · I intermediaarsed, vahepealse olemusega kiud Reaktsioon ATPaas'ile Kokkuvõte sündmustest, mis viivad skeletilihase kontraktsioonile 1 Motor axon action potential 2 Nerve ending impulse transmission to muscle cells 1 3 Muscle cell surface action potential 4 T-system transmission 3 2 5 Coupling to sarcoplasmic 3 reticulum 4 6 Ca 2+ release from sarco-
Or, being hated, don't give way to hating, And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss, And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise; And lose, and start again at your beginnings And never breath a word about your loss; If you can dream - and not make dreams your If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew master; To serve your turn long after they are gone, If you can think - and not make thoughts your aim; And so hold on when there is nothing in you If you can meet with triumph and disaster Except the Will which says to them: "Hold on"; And treat those two imposters just the same; If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,
Phosphate Binders: Your Questions Answered What's the deal with phosphate in kidney disease anyway? Phosphate and calcium are both minerals that are essential in maintaining a healthy body. Together, they help build strong, healthy bones and teeth, and also play a role in regular cell and nerve function. Through a delicate process called homeostasis, the body keeps both phosphate and calcium at healthy levels. Both the kidneys and the parathyroid glands play vital roles. First, the kidneys, which activate vitamin D, control the amount of phosphate that is absorbed and excreted from the foods you eat. Second, a hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates phosphate by increasing or decreasing the blood's phosphate concentration. A normal blood phosphate level in adults is 3-4.5
Kasekäsn ehk Must pässik (Inonotus Obliquus, ingl keeles chaga) oli läänemaailmas suhteliselt tundmatu superürt, kuni avaldati Nobeli preemia saanud Alexander Solzhenitseni raamat.Kasekäsna ajaloolised juured ulatuvad Siberisse ja Venemaale, kus kasekäsnaga on ravitud vähki, tuberkuloosi, diabeeti, maokatarri, mao- ja kaksteistsõrmiku haavandeid vähemalt 1600. aastast saadik. Kasekäsna ajalugu ulatub aga palju varasemasse aega ja leiud ulatuvad 5600 aasta tagusesse aega. 1200-aastatel räägitakse kuidas tsaar Vladimir Monamahhin on parandanud kasekäsnaga huulevähi.Kasekäsn ehk must pässik esineb üldisemalt kasepuudel, aga võib kohata ka teistel puudel nagu leppadel, pihlakatel ja tammepuudel. Pässik moodustab elevates puudes musta, ebamäärase kujuga lõhkise käsna ehk pakurin. Mis on siis ühist käsnal ja tervisel? Musta pässiku poolt on põhjustatud kasekasvaja, puu murdumine ja lõpuks kuivamine. Sagedamini võib leida pargi- või alleepuude...
sagedamini esineb kaariese tekke intensiivsuse suurenemine, mis on võib-olla seotud langenud süljeeritusega. • Sülje atsinaarrakud on ülitundlikud kiirituse suhtes • Nii gl. parotis kui ka submandibulaar, sublinguaal näärmed on aldis kiiritusest põhjustatud kahjustustele. • Kahjustuse ulatus oleneb kiirituse doosist Haavade paranemine – müüt või tõsi? • Rühm teadlasi Floorida Ülikoolist leidsid proteiini Nerve Growth Factor e. NGF hiire süljest. Haavad, mis olid NGF’iga “töödeldud” paranesid kaks korda kiiremini. Seega, teatud liikide sülg võib aidata haavade paranemises. NGF inimese süljest ei ole leitud, , kuid teadlased leidsid, et inimese sülg sisaldab antibakteriaalseid komponente nagu IgA, laktoferiin, lüsosüüm ja peroksüdaas. • Inimese sülg ei ole võimeline haavasid desinfitseerima. Täname tähelepanu eest! Kasutatud kirjandus: • http://flipper
Hart were incredibly successful. One of the early "scat" performers, Fitzgerald found a place among the growing jazz innovators, making recordings with such greats as Billie Holiday, Duke Ellington, and Louis Armstrong. Her true genius, however, was not formal innovation or deeper expression, but artistic renderings of the enthusiastic songs of her time. "I'm very shy, and I shy away from people," Ella once said. "But the moment I hit the stage, it's a different feeling. I get nerve from somewhere; maybe it's because it's something I love to do." More than anything, it is this love of performing that won her the hearts of millions throughout the world. By the 1970s, she was performing with a trio headed by pianist Tommy Flanagan, and regularly with dozens of different symphony orchestras. Though her voice was not what it had been, Fitzgerald's enthusiasm and charisma continued to excite crowds well into the 1980s
NÄGEMISMEEL · Silmamuna ehitus · Pupill · Silmamuna liigutused · Silma kaitsvad struktuurid · Silma optiline süsteem · Fotokeemilised protsessid võrkkestas · Värvuste nägemine · Võrkkesta tsentraallohk · Lääts ja ripskeha · Nägemismeele tsentraalsed teed · Silma reflektsiooni anomaaliad ja uuringud · Nägemismeel on inimese tähtsaim meel · Inimese nägemismeeleelund on silm (oculus) · Nägemise abil saab inimene 90% kogu infost SILMAMUNA EHITUS I Silmamuna (bulbus oculi) asub silmakoopa (orbita) eesmises osas http://entsyklopeedia.ee/artikkel/silm1 SILMAMUNA EHITUS II Silmamuna kestad 1. Fibrooskest: sarvkest (cornea) ja kõvakest (sclera) 2. Võrkkest e reetina pigmentepiteel, horisontaalrakud, bipolaarsed ja ganglionirakud, sensorirakud (kepikesed ja kolvikesed) 3. Soonkest (choroidea) · vikerkest (iris) annab silmadele värvi · ripskehas on ripslihas · pärissoonkestas on...
Vietnam. http://investvine.com/children-of-the-apocalypse-agent-orange-still-affects-people- in-vietnam/ (4.12.2013) Barry R. Schneider. 2012. Weapons of mass destruction. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/108951/chemical-weapon/274179/Weapons-of- mass-destruction (4.12.2013) Martin Robbins. 2013. Are Chemical Weapons Actually Useful In A War? http://www.vice.com/read/are-chemical-weapons-actually-useful-in-war (5.12.2013) Department of Health. 2004. Facts About Nerve Agents. http://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/emergency/chemical_terrorism/nerve_agents_genera l.htm (5.12.2013) Enn Tosso. 2004. Pipragaas tõrjub ka narkojoobes kurjategija rünnaku. http://www.aripaev.ee/?PublicationId=31503ED6-39D4-4163-9D98- 74AA1E3959CE&code=100822 (5.12.2013) Jeanne Mager Stellman, Steven D. Stellman, Richard Christian, Tracy Weber & Carrie Tomasallo. 2003. The extent and patterns of usage of Agent Orange and other herbicides in Vietnam. http://stellman
stick (v) stick by (phr v) stiff (adj) stimulate (v) sting (v) stinging (adj) stir (v) stodgy (adj) stop (n) store (of) (n) storm (v) strained (adj) strengthen (v) stretch your legs (phr) 27 strict (adj) strike sb (as) (v) string (n) strip (sb of sth) (v) struggle (v) stubborn (adj) stuff (n) stunt (n) subjective (adj) submit (v) substance (n) subtract (v) suffer (v) sufficient (adj) suit you down to the ground (phr) sum up (v) summon (v) summon the nerve (phr) supply (n) supply depot (n) suppress (v) surgeon (n) surreal (adj) surrounded by (adj) surroundings (n pl) surveillance (n unc) survival (n) suspect (n) swallow (v) swan (n) swap (v) swear (v) sweaty (adj) swell (v) swerve (v) swift (adj) symbol (n) sympathetically (adv) tactic (n) take it easy (phr) take it for granted (phr) take place (phr) take sb up on (v) take sth for granted (idm) take the blame for (phr) take your mind off something (idm) talent (n) talk back (phr v)
1. we can't even conceive the connection between our mind and our movements 2. we can't move all our organs. - if we knew the connection between mind and movement then we should know why we can move only some of our organs - if a man becomes paralysed in a leg, he at first feels like he can still move it like before 3. we know that when we decide to move our arm, the signal is first sent to one nerve and to the next and next until it finally reaches the muscle of the arm. however, if we knew the original power, we would also the intermediate motions. but we don't we only know the final effect and that is because of experience. - in all of nature, there are no connections conceivable by us. "One event follows another but we can never observe any tie between them. They seem conjoined but never connected." - conclusion: i
Tasakaalutee/vestibulaartee: Perifeersed jätked lõpevad tasakaaluelundi neuroepiteelis crista ampullarises ja maculas. 1. Neuron: ganglion vestibulare, meatus acusticus internuse põhjas. 2. Neuron (lõpevad tsentraalsed jätked): n. vestibularise tuumades nucl vestibularis superior, inferior, medialis, lateralis 3. The axons of III neuron take part in the formation of fasciculus longitudinalis medialis (MLF is the main central connection for the oculomotor nerve,trochlear nerve, and abducens nerve), which contains various fibres systems of the brain. Extends from the midbrain down to the spinal cord, connects a number of brain stem nuclei with each other, connects the vestibular apparatus to the oculomotor and cervical muscles. Crista ampullaris paikneb luulise poolringkanali sees oleva membranoosse poolringjuha ampullis. Macula on luulise esiku sees oleva membranoosse laburündi osades kotikeses (sacculus) ja mõigus (utriculus)
that act on neighboring cells, reaching their targets by diffusion over relatively short distances 3 Autokriinne signalisatsioon – secreted chemical also acts on the cells that secreted it Endokriinnääre – hormones are secreted into the blood by specialized glands – to act on various tissues around the body Sünaptiline signaliseerimine – nerve cells release chemicals at their endings to affect the cells they contact Autokriinne, parakriinne ja endokriinne regulatsioon. Parakriinne: signaalid “atakeerivad” neid rakke, mis asuvad lähedal. Nt: mast cells (тучные клетки, мастоциты)- rakudes, mis asuvad sidekudedes on palju sekretoorseid graanuleid, mis sisaldavad enndas histamiini, mis sekreteeritakse infektsiooni või vigastuse vastusena. Seedetraktis.
Drugs are chemicals that change the way a person's body works. You've probably heard that drugs are bad for you, but what does that mean and why are they bad? Medicines Are Legal Drugs If you've ever been sick and had to take medicine, you already know about one kind of drugs. Medicines are legal drugs, meaning doctors are allowed to prescribe them for patients, stores can sell them, and people are allowed to buy them. But it's not legal, or safe, for people to use these medicines any way they want. Cigarettes and Alcohol Cigarettes and alcohol are two other kinds of legal drugs. (In Estonia, adults 18 can buy cigarettes and alcohol.) But smoking and excessive drinking are not healthy for adults and off limits for kids. Nicotine is the drug in tobacco leaves. Whether someone smokes, chews, or sniffs tobacco, he or she is delivering nicotine to the brain. Each cigarette contains about 10 milligrams of nicotine. Nicotine is what keeps peo...
school Addiction and drugs summary name form year Table of contents Smoking...............................................................................................page 3 Narcotics............................................................................................................................page 4 1. Marijuana..............................................................................page 4 2. Ecstasy.................................................................................page 5 3. Heroin...................................
like this situation, because then we are going to enjoy our achievements more in the future and besides, small town habitants are more able to compete, because we have had to create our chances for success ourselves. Thus this stereotype is giving false ideas about the real situation. Occasionally somebody has asked my advice how to succeed in doing something. In this case I have answered that they should do the things, which they really like, because in my opinion it is useless to strain every nerve and waste energy doing something that you really dislike. It also has become clear to me that one of the most important things is not to get upset about trivial things. Often people say to each-other very thoughtless things and with that a lot of relationships are ruined. It is obvious that a person can not be loved by everybody. Nevertheless viciousness isn’t the solution. Thirdly I would like to bring forth the fixity of purpose in finishing current activities.It is hard to
from a GSM-900 mobile phone. Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology / ISP 16 , 103-12. 9. Riigi teataja. 2002. Mitteioniseeriva kiirguse piirväärtused elu- ja puhkealal, elamutes ning ühiskasutusega hoonetes, õpperuumides ja mitteioniseeriva kiirguse tasemete mõõtmine. Kättesaadav: http://riigiteataja.ee/akt/163816 [külastatud 4. november 2010]. 10. Salford LG, Brun AE, Eberhardt JL, Malmgren L, Persson BR. 2003. Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones. Enviromental Health perspectives 111, 881883 11. Schüz J, Jacobsen R, Olsen JH, Boice JD Jr, McLaughlin JK, Johansen C. 2006. Cellular telephone use and cancer risk: update of a nationwide Danish cohort. Journal of the national cancer institute 98, 1707-1713 12. Vignal R, Crouzier D, Dabouis V, Debouzy JC. 2009. Effects of mobile phones and radar radiofrequencies on the eye. Pathologie-biologie 57, 503-508. 13
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster And treat those two impostors just the same; If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools, Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken, And stoop and build 'em up with worn-out tools: If you can make one heap of all your winnings And risk it all on one turn of pitch-and-toss, And lose, and start again at your beginnings And never breath a word about your loss; If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew To serve your turn long after they are gone, And so hold on when there is nothing in you Except the Will which says to them: "Hold on!" If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, Or walk with kings--nor lose the common touch, If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you; If all men count with you, but none too much, If you can fill the unforgiving minute With sixty seconds' worth of distance run, Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,
86 billion neurons mis on hall- ja valgeollus – hallollus – neuronid, moodustab ajukoore, Hallaine koosneb närviraku kehadest ja nende vahele jäävatest närvikiudude algus- ja lõpposadest ning neurogliiarakkudest; valgeollus - Valgeaine koosneb müeliniseerunud (müeliinkestaga) närvikiududest neuron - A neuron or nerve cell is an electrically excitable cell that communicates with other cells via specialized connections called synapses. It is the main component of nervous tissue in all animals except sponges and placozoa. Gliiarakk - ehk gliotsüüt nimetatakse närvisüsteemi rakke, mis ei ole närvirakud. Gliiarakke on mitut tüüpi. müeliin. Müeliin on närvikiude ümbritsev rakumembraan -
malformation, certain defects of the genitalia, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, skull, vertebrae, ribs, and muscles and situs inversus. · Mis on neuroblastoom? Neuroblastoomide kliiniline taust ja prognoos. Missugusi rakutüüpe neuroblastoomide diferentseerumisel esineb? Kas on hetkel kasutusel ravimeid, millega neuroblastoomide diferentseerumist esile kutsutakse? Kui efektiivsed need on? Neuroblastoom-med närvirakk-kasvaja. Malignant tumor containing embryonic nerve cells; usually metastasizes quickly. http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/neuroblastoma/healthprofessional/ Neuroblastoma is predominantly a tumor of early childhood, with two thirds of the cases presenting in children younger than 5 years. In rare cases, neuroblastoma can be discovered prenatally by fetal ultrasonography. Neuroblastoma originates in the adrenal medulla or the paraspinal sites where sympathetic nervous system tissue is present. The
Hormoonid Hormoondi on bioaktiivsed endogeensed ained, mis primaarse signaalmolekulina edastavad signaali vajaliku muutuse tekitamiseks märklaudraku tasandil ja mille sidmiseks on märklaudrakul spetsiifilised retseptorid. Hormooni loomus · Ülikõrge aktiivsus, lühike eluiga (kilpnäärme hormoonid mõned sekundid, osad mõned minutid, tunnid (nt. steroidsed hormoonid), kilpnäärme hormoonidel nädal), väga spetsiifiline toime · Vaid hormooni vaba vorm on bioaktiivne · Sünteesi kontrollib negatiivne tagasisidestus (hormooni taseme tõus veres mõjutab KNS ja süntees pärssub) · Erinev toimespetsiifilisus (kilpnäärme hormoonid toimivad kõikidele rakkudele, FSH vaid sugunäärmetele) · Hormoonregulatsioon on vahendatud, st toimub ensüümide aktiivsuse ja/või sünteesi mõjutamise teel (hormoon on regulaator, mitte inhibiitor ega aktivaator) · Hormonaalregulatsiooni summaarne efekt on organismi homeosta...
49. (a) plants/protoctists; animals/fungi/protoctists; A protoctists once only R taxa that are not kingdoms 2 (b) energy movement/locomotion/muscle contraction/cilia/flagella; active transport; A example anabolic reactions/AW; A e.g. protein synthesis/DNA replication (movement of chromosomes in) mitosis/meiosis; nerve impulse/electrochemical gradients; maintain body temperature/generate heat; AVP; (eg bioluminescence/electrical discharge) AVP; (detail of any point) 3 max carbon in, biochemicals/macromolecules; A in organic matter e.g. carbohydrate/protein/lipid/nucleotide/nucleic acid; A named examples growth; repair; AVP; e.g
4 tegevdirektor - a Managing Cirector tootmisjuht - a Production Manager firma töötajad - employees at the firm kaadriülem - a group leader müügijuht - a Sales Manager tootmisinsener - a Production engineer 5 töökas, hõivatud kontor - working, busy office vastutustunne - responsibility algpalk - starting salary sõltuvalt east ja kogemustest - depending on age and experience edutamise väljavaated - promotion prospects kandideerima / soovi avaldama kohale - to apply for a post lisama väljavõtte kvalifikatsioonidest - to enclose an outline of qualification ma olen nõus proovima - I'm willing to try huumorimeel - a sense of humor võime hakkama saada - an ability to cope with (something) thuande krooni ulatuses - within rnge of võõrkeeled on eeliseks - foreign languages are an advantage kuulutus sekretäri kohale - an advertisment for a secretary teadmisi omandama - to obtain knowledge eelneva kontoritöö kogemus - a previous office experienc...
suurema nihke korral turse ja valulikkus. Murd kasvab ise kiiresti kokku. Õlavarreluu murd – valulikkus. Fikseeriv side. Reieluu murd – luu osad on nihkunud ja esineb valulikkus haige jala piirkonnas. Ravi – korrelatsioon ja fikseerimine kahe nädala jooksul. Nimeta perifeerse närvisüsteemi sünnivigastusi, spt ja ravipõhimõtteid. Näonärvi parees ehk osaline halvatus Paresis n.facialis (lad.k.), Birth injury to facial nerve (ingl.k.) Kliinilised sümptomid (tuleb hinnata sümmeetriliselt) ilmnevad mõned päevad pärast sündi: Vigastatud poolel: suu – nina vagu süveneb, suunurk vajub alla, silm on ülalau poolt pooleldi suletud, iseloomulik on, et nutmisel tõmbub lapse suu tervele poole viltu, kuna vigastatud pool "ei tule kaasa". 2. Õlavarrepõimiku parees Paresis plexus brachialis (lad.k.), Erb plasy (inglk.k)
I SISSEJUHATUS Etoloogia - õpetus [loomade] käitumisest (kreeka k. ethos = komme, tava, käitumine; logos = õpetus, käsitlus). eesmärgipärane huvi – praktiline vajadus mõista ja selle abil kontrollida jahi- ja koduloomade käitumist eesmärgistamata huvi – nö „puhtast uudishimust“ ajendet soov seletada juhuslikult pealt nähtud tegevusi teistel elusolendeil. Aristoteles (384-322 e.K.): huvitus, kuhu kaovad talveks pääsukesed nägi neid sügiseti kogunemas kaldaroostikesse järeldas, et nad talvituvad veekogude põhjamudas. Teaduslik lähenemine loomade käitumise seletamisele sai alguse kaasaegse evolutsiooniteooria rajamisest Charles Darwini poolt 19. sajandi teisel poolel Suhtelise “vaikuse periood”, kus peaaegu keegi ei uurinud spetsiaalselt loomade käitumist, sest parajasti oli zooloogias aktuaalne süstemaatika, füsioloogia ja arengubioloogia fundamentaal...
Ligandi puudumisel interakteerub ja inhibeerib Ptc Smo. See inhibitsioon aktiveerib transkriptsiooni repressori. Ligandi olemasolul, Ptc ja Smo interaktsioon on muutunud ja Smo ei ole inhibeeritud. Gli valk võib nüüd translotseeruda tuuma ja funktsioneerida transkriptsiooni aktivaatorina, funktsioonid: arenguline, holoprosentsefaalia, keha parem- vasak asümeetria, hemopoeesis tüvirakkude elushoidja, vaskularisatsioon - veresoonkonna teke, RTK (retseptor-türosiinkinaasid) - Nerve growth factor (NGF) kuulub neurotrofiinide perekonda, mille liikmed osalevad rakkude elus hoidmises ja jagunemises. NGF on oluline ka neuronite regeneratsioonil ning on potentsiaalseks Alzheimer'i tõve ravimiks. NGFl arvatakse olevat ka teisi füsioloogilisi funktsioone, eeskätt immuunsüsteemis. NGFil on kaks retseptorit TrkA ja p75(NTR). NGFi signaali edastav retseptor on türosiinkinaasne TrkA ja mõnedes rakkudes indutseerib p75 programmeeritud rakusurma (apoptoosi)
Rakukeha e perikaarüon ja jätked: dendriidid ja akson.Akson algabaksoni koonusega ja lõpeb hargenued närvilõpmega.Dendriidil ja perikaarüonil on palju sünapseid. Närvikiud- akson ja teda ümbitsevad neurogliiarakud. Perifeerses ns ümbritsevadaksonit Schwanni rakud,need rakud sisaldavad müeliini(elektrilise impulsi isolaator) või mitte Neurotroofsed faktorid ning nende osa närvirakkude diferentseerumisel. Tagasisuunatud aksonaaltransport. NGF- närvikasvu faktor (ingl. k. nerve growth factor) BDNF- aju päritoluga neurotroofne faktor (ingl. k. brain-derived neurotrophic factor) NT3- neurotrofiin-3 NT4/5- neurotrofiin-4/5 NT6- neurotrofiin-6 Keemilise ja elektrilise sünapsi toimimise põhimõte. Sünaps on ühenduslüli rakkude vahel, mille kaudu närviimpulsse edastatakse. Keemiline sünaps toimub neurotransmitterite vahenudsel, regeerib stiimulile algusesaegalselt, kuid protsessi kägus signaali ülekanne tugevneb
Rakuteooria ametlikuks sünniajaks loetaks aastaid 1838-1839. Šoti botaanik Robert Brown (1773–1858) oli esimene, kes vaatles orhidee lehti ja kirjeldas rakutuuma kui rakkude olulist komponenti (1831). 1838.a. ütles botaanik Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804-1881) välja, et taime kõik osad koosnevad rakkudest või nende produktidest. Järgmisel aastal tehti samasugune järeldus ka loomorganismide kohta Theodor Schwanni (1810-1882) poolt. Schleideni ja Schwanni järeldused loetaksegi rakuteooria formuleeringuks. Kolmas mees, kelle nime rakuteooria loomise juures samuti mainitakse, on Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902). Tema väitis, et "niisamuti kui loomad tekivad vaid loomadest ja taimed taimedest, peab ka raku tekkimiseks olema temale eelnev rakk". Ehk lühidalt: rakk tekib rakust (omnis cellula e cellula). See teooria rõhutas elusorganismide ühtsust ning tõi esile kontseptsiooni elusorganismidest kui rakkude kooslustest. Koos evolutsiooniteooriga on r...
ear la oreja moustache el bigote wound le herida 40 elbow el codo mouth la boca waist la cintura eye el ojo muscle el músculo wrist la muñeca eyebrow la ceja nail la uña eyelid el párpado neck el cuello face la cara nerve el nervio To express pain, use an indirect object pronoun + duele(n) + body part. Me duele la cabeza. My head hurts. Le duelen los pies. His feet hurt. 63. Asking Questions Simply raise your voice at the end of the sentence. Place the predicate in front of the subject of the sentence. Add no? or verdad? or no es verdad? to the end of the statement. These translate to many phrases in English, such as Isn't it? Aren't you? Don't you? Didn't he? Isn't she? etc. 64. To Give and to Bring
The power of her celebrity and influence made other social reform groups appeal for her support. Sometimes she agreed, as when she contributed editorials to the New York newspaper, The Independent, or sent items to antislavery fundraising fairs. Other times she declined, as when she refused Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony's request to edit their women's suffrage newspaper The Revolution. Uncle Tom's Cabin: from 1852 to Today Uncle Tom's Cabin struck a nerve and found a permanent place in American culture. Translated into more than sixty languages, it is known throughout the world. After a century and a half this classic antislavery novel remains an engaging and powerful work, read in college and high school courses dealing with literature, history, and issues of race and gender. Pulitzer prize winning author Jane Smiley notes that literature should help us face responsibilities not avoid them. Stowe's words changed the world: her bravery
1 MOLEKULAARBIOLOOGIA. 1. Kui aatom loovutab elektroni täielikult teisele aatomile, missugused keemilise sidemega on tegemist? Ioonside, sellised ained lahustuvad hästi, kuna ioonide hüdratatsioonienergia on suurem kui kristalli võreenergia 2. Miks vesi on hea lahusti (solvent)? Vesi on hea lahusti, sest ta lahustab nii tahkeid, vedelaid kui ka gaasilisi aineid. Vee molekul moodustab dipooli ning aatomid omandavad osalise laengu. Polaarsete ühenditega moodustab vesiniksidemeid, mis tagavad stabiilsust. 3. Termodünaamika II seadus. Kõik protsessid kulgevad tasakaalu e. minimaalse potentsiaalse energia poole e. entroopia kasvu suunas. Entroopia (S) on korrastamatuse mõõt [J/mol*K], korrastatud madal entroopia. Isoleeritud süsteemid püüavad korrastatud olekust korrastamata poole. Tasakaal on siis, kui entroopia on maksimaalne.E...
Skeleti-lihassüsteemi füsioteraapia Doris Vahtrik Sissejuhatus skeleti-lihassüsteemi füsioteraapiasse Luumurdude, pehmete kudede ja liigesvigastuste füsioteraapia „Esimene samm edu suunas iga eriala puhul, on olla sellest huvitatud.“ Sir William Osler (1849-1919) Ortopeedia on väga laiaulatuslik ning samas kompleksne arstiteaduse valdkond. See hõlmab nii traumade kui skeleti- lihassüsteemi haiguste ravi. Traumatoloogiliste ja ortopeediliste probleemidega patsiente ravivad füsioterapeudid igapäevaselt. Eristatakse primaarset ortopeedilist füsioteraapiat ja teiste patoloogiate tagajärjel tekkinud vajadust skeleti-lihassüsteemi füsioteraapia järele. Ortopeedia ja ortopeediline füsioteraapia peaksid olema füsioteraapia õppekavade baasained, sest paljude ortopeediliste haigu...
When he drew on my clit with steady, rhythmic suction, I came again, crying out hoarsely. Then he had three fingers in me, twisting and opening me. "No." My head tossed from side to side, every inch of my skin tingling and burning. "No more." "Once more," he coaxed hoarsely. "Once more, then I'll fuck you." "I can't..." "You will." He blew a slow stream of air over my wet flesh, the coolness over fevered skin reawakening raw nerve endings. "I love watching you come, Eva. Love hearing the sounds you make, the way your body quivers..." He massaged a tender spot inside me and an orgasm pulsed through me in a slow, heated roll of delight, no less devastating for being gentler than the two before it. His weight and heat left me. In a distant corner of my dazed mind, I heard a drawer opening, followed swiftly by the sound of foil tearing. The mattress dipped as he returned, his hands rough
And draw you into madness? think of it: The very place puts toys of desperation, Without more motive, into every brain That looks so many fathoms to the sea And hears it roar beneath. HAMLET It waves me still. Go on; I'll follow thee. MARCELLUS You shall not go, my lord. HAMLET Hold off your hands. HORATIO Be ruled; you shall not go. HAMLET 36 My fate cries out, And makes each petty artery in this body As hardy as the Nemean lion's nerve. Still am I call'd. Unhand me, gentlemen. By heaven, I'll make a ghost of him that lets me! I say, away! Go on; I'll follow thee. Exeunt Ghost and HAMLET HORATIO He waxes desperate with imagination. MARCELLUS Let's follow; 'tis not fit thus to obey him. HORATIO Have after. To what issue will this come? MARCELLUS Something is rotten in the state of Denmark. HORATIO Heaven will direct it. MARCELLUS Nay, let's follow him. Exeunt
your mind. The body's intelligence is, of course, an inseparable part of universal intelligence, one of its countless manifestations. It gives temporary cohesion to the atoms and molecules that make up your physical organism. It is the organizing principle behind the workings of all the organs of the body, the conversion of oxygen and food into energy, the heartbeat and circulation of he blood, the immune system that protects the body from invaders, the translation of sensory input into nerve impulses that are sent to the brain, decoded there, and reassembled into a coherent inner picture of outer reality. All these, as well as thousands of others simultaneously occurring functions, are coordinated perfectly by that intelligence. You don't run your body. The intelligence does. It also is in charge of the organism's responses to its environment. This is true for any life-form. It is the same intelligence that brought
In 1939, Roots took the post of the chief conductor of the State Broadcasting Symphony Orchestra. His last refresher course took him to Salzburg again (1943), where he participated in the summer courses, organised by the German Music Institute, polishing his abilities as a conductor with Clemens Krauss. According to the recollections of several musicians of those days, Roots started a new era in the development of Estonian orchestration. Roots was a conductor with the finest nerve for music Estonia has ever had. As a conductor he stood much higher than his predecessors, namely because of his ability of symphonic thinking and shaping and also as a master of detail, feeling the proportions between a detail and the whole very sharply and joining all sound and timbre possibilities in convincing proportion. In comparison with Kull, Roots seemed to be more modest in his temperament, but his interpretation was more animated, deserving unanimous satisfaction of critics
others and more conscious that he's part of a group. Axel Foley, with a villain's gun to his head in Beverly Hills Cop, seems sure to die, but is rescued by the bumbling, naive white detective Rosewood (Judge R e i n h o l d ) . After this rescue from death, Foley is more cooperative and willing to submerge his gigantic ego in the group. T H E CRISIS, N O T T H E CLIMAX T h e Ordeal is a major nerve ganglion of the story. M a n y threads of the hero's history lead in, and many threads of possibility and change lead out the other side. It should not be confused with the climax of the Hero's Journey — that's another nerve center further down near the end of the story (like the brain at the base of a dinosaur's tail). T h e Ordeal is usually the central event of the story, or the main event of the second act. Let's call it the crisis to differentiate it from the climax (the big
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