of a judge and a mayor) assisted by a council called the ayuntamiento. After 1769, the life of the California natives who came in contact with the Spanish was reshaped by the mission fathers, not the townspeople of the pueblos or the soldiers of the presidios. The Franciscans came to California not merely to convert the tribes to Christianity but to train them for life in a European colonial society. Conversion was seldom an entirely voluntary process, and converts (neophytes) were not left to return to their old ways but were required to live in the walled mission enclosure or on rancherías, separate settlements sponsored by missions although located some distance from the mission proper. There they were taught Spanish as well as the tenets of their new religion and trained in skills that would fit them for their new lives: brickmaking and construction, raising cattle and horses, blacksmithing, weaving, tanning hides, etc.
On the ohter hand, witchs were accused of making men impotent. As for female sexuality, witches were accused, in effect, of giving contraceptive aid and of performing abortions. In the eyes of the Church, all the witches' powers was ultimately derived from her sexuality. Her career began with sexual intercourse with the devil. Each witch was confirmed at a general meeting (the witches' Sabbath) at witch the devil presided, often in the form of a goat, and had intercourse with the neophytes. In return for her powers, the witch pomised to serve him faithfully. (in the imagination of the Church even evil could be thought of as ultimately male-directed!) As the Malleus makes clear, the devil almost always acts through the female, just as he did in Eden. Not only were the witches women they were women who seemed to be organized into an enormous secret society. A witch who was a proved member of the ,,Devil's party" was more dreadful than one who had acted alone.
Third level Fourth level Fifth level Last Judgment (detail) 1306 Fresco Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level The Baptism of the Neophytes 1426-27 Fresco, 255 x 162 cm Cappella Brancacci, Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Adoration of the Magi c. 1433 Tempera on panel, 39 x 56 cm Museo di San Marco, Florence
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