Notes, Jews in the USSR, 1917-2000
Also evacuated govt officials, those at risk. Also unorganized
evacuation, not govt sponsored, those who had feeling, foot, train, cart, sometimes
on own, sometimes sponsored by local or abroad org, hundreds of thousands. Many
also leaving from C and W Europe. Hundreds of thousands E of Urals where almost
no Js were before 1941, not GULag inmates, free SU citizens, living marginally, some
employed. During war, major food and housing shortages, no infrastructure. Exiled
suspect pops, class, natl enemies, tens of thousands from Crimean, Germans,
Bulgarians, Tatars, once war started 41. Nationalist, including Zionist, leaders sent E
as chauvinists, more efficient sovietization, 5th column potentiality, 50-60,000 Js,
most survived the war. Factory owners, bank managers, large shopowners,
ideological enemies. Also religious enemies, rabbis, cultural leaders, writers.
Another group rounded up were refugees from Germ-occupied Poland, tens of
thousands of mostly young Js
annaabi.ee 
