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tracks the literal semantic interpretation of the sentence uttered. (Of course,
if the Theory of Descriptions is correct, either the actual referent is always
the semantic referent or, since according to Russell definite descriptions do
not really refer at all, there is no actual referent.)
Definite descriptions 27
MacKay (1968) argues that in some cases, even if one misspeaks, one's
actual referent may be the semantic referent rather than the speaker-referent.
Suppose there are a rock and a book on the table, and, wanting you to bring
me the book, I fumblemouth and say, "Bring me the rock on the table," using
"the rock" referentially and speaker-referring to the book, I have still asked
you to bring me the rock, and you would not be complying if you brought
me the book instead.
Or suppose I say to you, "I bet you $5 that the glorious winner [of a
annaabi.ee 
