Scotland
Important exceptions include the
Isle of Man, which having been lost to England in the 14th century is now a crown dependency outside of the
United Kingdom; the island groups Orkney and Shetland, which were acquired from Norway in 1472; and
Berwick-upon-Tweed, lost to England in 1482.
The geographical centre of Scotland lies a few miles from the village of Newtonmore in Badenoch. Rising to
1,344 metres (4,406 ft) above sea level, Scotland's highest point is the summit of Ben Nevis, in Lochaber,
while Scotland's longest river, the River Tay, flows for a distance of 190 km (120 miles).
Geology and geomorphology
The whole of Scotland was covered by ice sheets during the Pleistocene ice ages and the landscape is much
affected by glaciation. From a geological perspective the country has three main sub-divisions. The The
climate of Scotland is temperate and oceanic, and tends to be very changeable. It is warmed by the Gulf
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