Scotland
The whole of Scotland was covered by ice sheets during the Pleistocene ice ages and the landscape is much
affected by glaciation. From a geological perspective the country has three main sub-divisions. The The
climate of Scotland is temperate and oceanic, and tends to be very changeable. It is warmed by the Gulf
Stream from the Atlantic, and as such has much milder winters (but cooler, wetter summers) than areas on
similar latitudes, for example Copenhagen, Moscow, or the Kamchatka Peninsula on the opposite side of
Eurasia. However, temperatures are generally lower than in the rest of the UK, with the coldest ever UK
temperature of -27.2 °C (-16.96 °F) recorded at Braemar in the Grampian Mountains, on 11 February 1895.
Winter maximums average 6 °C (42.8 °F) in the lowlands, with summer maximums averaging 18 °C (64.4
°F). The highest temperature recorded was 32.9 °C (91.22 °F) at Greycrook, Scottish Borders on 9 August
2003.
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