Thomas Alva Edison (1847–1931) American inventor and businessman electric bulb phonograph Moving pictures machi Childhood - born in Ohio in February of 1847 -self-taught -experimenting, built his own chemical laboratory -telegraph operator Over 1000 inventions The greatest invention are the phonograph in 1877 He also imroved the telephone system that had been invented by Be 1878 Edison worked to discover a way of improving the electric light bulb invented in England by Sir Joseph Swan Henry Ford - the first electric car. Thomas Edison standing beside an electric car, circa 1914.
He patterned technologies of wireless communication. At the height of his career he was one of the most famous men in the world. His inventions helped Austro-Hungarian Empire grow into a powerful industrial nation. Tesla and Edison crossed paths in technological struggle. Tesla also worked with Marconi.
Alexander Graham Bell BY: Vahur biography March 3, 1847 August 2, 1922 . He was eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator . Was born in Edinburgh, Scotland . Two brothers Inventions The first practical telephone. First crude metal detector . Hydrofoils and Hydroplanes . Audiometer . He designed an airplane called the Silver Dart . Pictures Used sources http://www.google.ee/search?tbm=isch&hl=et&source=hp&biw=1280&bih=834&q=alexande http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bltelephone2.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell
History of Gillette Razors On November 15, 1904, patent was granted to King C. Gillette for a safety 'razor'. In 1895, after several years of considering and rejecting possible inventions, Gillette suddenly had a brilliant idea while shaving one morning. It was an entirely new razor and blade that flashed in his mind --a razor with a safe, inexpensive, and disposable blade. It took six years for Gillette's idea to evolve. During that time, technical experts told Gillette that it would be impossible to produce steel that was hard, thin, and inexpensive enough for commercial development of the disposable razor blade. Then in 1901, MIT graduate William Nickerson agreed to try
One of the biggest country in the world Inventions: the first automobile by Henry Ford, the Internet Influence on Europe Many people want to travel 44 presidents 3rd in the world by population many celebrities America was discovered by Columbus in 1492 US bought the 49. state Alaska from Russia 9,631,418 sq km Washington DC US dollar (USD) population: 293,500,000 The first colony established in the US was Spanish 13 colonies: independence in 1776 as the United States of America Colonies: Spain, France, Britain English was spoken in government No official language 80% of people speak only English George Washington was deathly afraid of being buried alive. After he died, he wanted to be laid out for three days just to make sure he was really dead. James Carter was the first pres...
Technological invention a bless or a curse? Nowadays people live in a technologically advanced world, where more and more electronic gadgets are used every day. However, is technological development more of a blessing or a curse? Firstly, technology is labour-saving. Time-saving technology is always at work to help us complete tasks at home and on the job faster than ever. Secondly, the advances of technology have made our lives more comfortable. For instance, the mobile phone has made our time more flexible. Finally, communicational technology has made our life more interesting. We can now make friends with people all over the world through the Internet. However, for every plus there is a minus. The main disadvantage is that people are depending on technology too much. Most people are addicted to computer games or watching TV. Furthermore, technology has also increased various kinds of health prob...
Frogmore, Windsor Home Park, near to the royal residence Windsor Castle. england at her reign During Queen Victorias reign, British empire became the most powerful country in the world. Religion was very important and most of people went to church on Sundays. Industrial expanded, new work methods and technology ( water, gas, electricity), communications (the telegraph, press), sience (Darwin's theory for evolution), the building of the railways, and the London Underground, bridges, new inventions (thelephones, the post, the camera, motor cars, etc). used information https://prezi.com/ibdeawlb9bpb/queen-victoria-presentation/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria
Pros and Cons of Technology Today we are so used to live surrounded by technology. We could not imagine our lives without it. But what are the pros and cons of technology? Time is money. Of course those wonderful inventions can save our time and nowadays when the pace of life is very fast, it is so important. In my opinion the communications technology is the most valuable, because it makes possible to resque people who need help. A development of transport is also important in this field. But the fact is that people are getting lazy. Machines do all the work for the people. We just sit and watch machines doing our duties, unfortunately it is so harmful for our health.
Setting up and updating the software will create additional costs. If schools buy too many computers, there may not be left money to pay salaries for the teachers. Will it ensure the high quality of teaching? On the other hand, we are living in the 21st century and nowadays everything is done with computers. Computers can be convenient and useful. For example, they can help students search for information. In conclusion, I believe that computers are great inventions, but students should not use them in every school subject. Students should do things with their own hands, not using the technology.
The computer has greatly improved our lives today Nowadays, computers are a big part of our lives and they have made pretty much everything simpler and more entertaining. On the other hand, the misuse of them can be extremely dangerous. On the positive side, computers are great tools for school and different jobs. Using the Internet it is possible to communicate with each other and access to information faster. Another advantage is that almost the whole world has access to those technological inventions, so if someone lives in Australia, it is surprisingly easy for them to find a friend from Europe. On the negative side, there are lots of hackers who can damage big companies or leak personal information. In addition to this, people spend too much time in front of computer screens and that causes visual illness, sickness, stress, muscular pains, etc. Furthermore, there is a lot of trash on the Internet, f...
changes and draught. All of these consequences could become a reason of economic decay in many countries, especially in some undeveloped countries. Therefore it is very important to find out who is guilty of the climate changing. Many people are confident that the reason of global warming is man made carbon dioxide. Over the last hundred years our society has been developing very fast: there has been built a huge amount of different factories, has been made so many inventions in all fields of human activity. Unfortunately only recently we have noticed that by making our life more comfortable and more enjoyable we destroy nature and cause appearance of ozone holes which are directly connected with global warming. On the other hand many scientists believe the world's warming and cooling happens in cycles due to various factors and Earth is starting a cooling trend after a long warming trend. That way global warming does not depend on people's activity.
Money makes the world go round Karl Johan Lips Money! the thing we all are working for. For few of us it has came easily by lottery, simple inventions or just having studied and listened to good advise by smart business owners, teachers and parents. Others however have had to struggle to get money because of simple reasons like not having studied in school or college, being lazy, or not doing the job correctly. Its clear that money is as important that living without it is almost impossible. But exactly how important and what is less or more important then money is left for every individual himself to decide.
The industrial revolution The Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries, was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. By mid-century, many people worked for small businesses or on farms, laboring in fields that would yield barely enough food to feed the family. New inventions and technology began to change that, however. Larger factories opened and produced new farm equipment, such as the steel plow and the tractor, which allowed farmers to cultivate bigger fields and produce more food that cost much less. Developments in the iron industry also played a central role in the Industrial Revolution. In the early 18th century, Englishman Abraham Darby (1678-1717) discovered a cheaper, easier method to produce cast iron, using a coke-fueled (as opposed to
There are lots of inventions being made to spare our time and make our lives easier. The invention I am going to talk about is an internet, which I find is one of the most important contraptions. However, the opinions about the computer network are very opposed. The first advantage is that internet is very easy and quick to use. Whereas uploading news to the computer network is very fast, is the internet better than TV shows or radio. Secondly is an internet the biggest infomation resource, where you can find almost anything you need. The third point is wide opportunity of communicating with other people. For instance you may use different programs such as skype or MSN Messenger. Nonetheless has the internet many disadvantages too. Namely has the computer network so many different distractions, such as games, chatting, music or movies that many people spend all their spare time sitting in front of computer. Chatting and communicating fr...
The invention of telephone The telephone is one of the greatest inventions in history. Early telephones were nothing like the ones we have today. Telephone is the Greek word for "far sound." Before the invention of telephone, people used fax, postal letters and birds to communicate. Alexander Graham Bell was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who intented the first telephone. His mother and his wife were both deaf and that was the main reason which caused his interest to hearing devices
Computerised world – a better or a worse place to live in ? Although computers are said to be one of the most successful inventions there are many people who do not totally agree with that saying. Computers are able to do everything that make our life easier, but why are there still so many different opinions about ones' usefulness? The positive side of having computers in our life is how much it actually changes our life and makes it easier. There are no problems, I mean literally no problems that computers could not do. Computers are used to find information, read news, study, and some even play computer games. But
printers to large, advanced 3D production systems, making 3D printing more accessible than ever. Manufacturers use Stratasys 3D Printers to create models and prototypes for new product design and testing Educators use the technology to elevate research and learning in science, engineering, design and art. Hobbyists and entrepreneurs use Stratasys 3D Printing to expand manufacturing into the home -- creating gifts, customized devices and inventions. http://bcove.me/anc73spi GRABCAD In september 2014 Estonian company GrabCAD, founded by two former students of Tallinn University on Tecnology, was purchased by Stratasys for 100 million dollars. Social network for engineers. GrabCAD is leading the Open Engineering movement, helping engineers get products to market faster by connecting people, content and technology. GrabCAD Workbench makes it easy for engineers to share files, work with partners and complete projects
See tähendab, et süsteemis kui ühe tervikuna töötavad asjad ei arene tervikuna, näiteks on ühe kvaliteet ja areng teistest maas. Tänapäeval juhtub kahjuks sellist olukorda tihti, sest tegevust juhitakse eesmärgi keskselt ning teatud osad jäävad märkamata. „First, the word invention itself, as the exploration of salients, reverse salients; and critical problems shows, can be misleading if it connotes discontinuity. Most modern inventions seem to be a part of continuum. Invention is usually correction of a reverse salient or bringing of a system into line with salient.“ (Hughes 1992, 115) Sõna ’leiutis’ iseeneslikult on eksitav, mida on näidanud tuleviku konseptsioonid ning nende vastuolulised aspektid. Oluline on, et ei aetaks segamini esiletõusvaid ja vastutöötavalt esiletõusvaid aspekte kriitiliste probleemidega. Probleem sõnastatakse esiletõusvate aspektide põhjal ning probleemi täpne määratlemine ise
19. Sajandi tehnikasaavutused · Elektri kasutusele võtt - elektri mootor, elektri pirn, elektri jaamade ehitamine jne. · Sisepõlemismootor - traktorites ja transpordis. · Terase valmistamise võtted: bessemer-, martään- ja toomasprotsess. · Tänavate ja teede sillutised - kruusa ja kivi kattega, asfaltteed. · Kummirehvid. · Morsetelegraaf. (Side) · Telefon. (Side) AURIK · Aurik ehk aurulaev on laev, mis liigub ühe või mitme aurumasina või turbiini jõul · Fulton ehitas I eduka aurulaeva mis sõitis Hudsoni lahel Fulton polnud I inimene kes leiutas auriku. Teised ainult eksperimenteerisid auriku töökindlust. Tema leiutas auriku mis võimaldas kanda reisijaid ja kaupa. ...
The most important technological invention In my mind, the most important technological invention is the jet airliner, the Boeing 707- 120, which was invented in 1958. I concidered different inventions but thought, that the ability to move from one point to another in an innoventional and extremely quick way is worth the title. The four engine plane can carry up to 181 passengers and cruise at 600 mph for 5280 miles on a full tank. This has made continetial travelling extremely comfortable, as voyages that formerly took a couple of weeks can now be passed with only 1 day or even less. The first jet flight took off from New York and landed in Paris, soon after that there was a connection
CULTURE OF NEW ZEALAND GEOGRAPHY Island country in the Pacific Ocean Two main islands: Northern and Southern. 600 smaller islands The capital is Wellington, was built in 1839 and named after the first mayor Highly mountainous with lots of rivers and lakes 14,000 earthquakes a year, many floods and tsunamis CLIMATE Reversed seasons compared to Europe Oceanic climate POPULATIO N SYMBOLS 4,836,520 People Bird Kiwi 74.0% European Plant Silver fern 14.9% Mori Flower - Kowhai 11.8% Asian 7.4% Pacific peoples 1.2% Middle Eastern/Latin Americans/African 1.7% Other GOVERNME NT Constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy Elizabeth II is the Queen of New Zealand and the head of state Currency is New Zealand Dollar NZD LANGUAGES New Zealand English Te Reo Maori New Zealand Sign HISTORY Ancestors of Mori, arrived from Polynesia betwe...
marker at the doorstep, marking it as Alexander Graham Bell's birthplace. He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (18451870) and Edward Charles Bell (1848 1867). Both of his brothers died of tuberculosis. His father was Professor Alexander Melville Bell, and his mother was Eliza Grace (née Symonds). Alexander Graham Bell was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone. Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils and aeronautics. In 1888, Alexander Graham Bell became one of the founding members of the National Geographic Society. He began teaching at a deaf school in Boston, and lodged with Thomas Saunders, and met Gardiner Hubbard, whose daughter, Mabel, had been deaf since the age of five. Quite unable to speak, she became the pupil of Bell, and after two years of painstakingly hard work, he
by means of electric signals. Antonio Meucci - An early voice communicating device was invented around 1854 by Antonio Meucci, (who called it a telettrofono.) In the 1880s Meucci was credited with the early invention of inductive loading of telephone wires to increase long-distance signals. Unfortunately, serious burns from an accident, a lack of English, and poor business abilities resulted in Meucci failing to develop his inventions commercially in America. Alexander Graham Bell is commonly believed as the inventor of the first practical telephone. Bell was born on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland, and educated at the universities of Edinburgh and London. He immigrated to Canada in 1870 and to the United States in 1871. He was an early student of sound and speech, inspired, perhaps, by the fact that his mother, Eliza, was almost totally deaf and his father, Melville, developed the first international
Religion India is one of the most religious countries in the world People who are irreligious are looked upon rather suspiciously A person's name, occupation, style of dress, marriage partner and diet are all largely based on religion NB! Religion for Hindus is: A way of life A heritage A tradition A way of thinking A way to live in this life which insures the new incarnation. Culturally Rich Inventions Did you know..? · The digit zero and the numbering system ( Aryabhatta) · Chess · Algebra, Trigonometry, and Calculus · The decimal system · The game of Snakes and Ladders · The value of How to eat Indian food · Indian food is often eaten with the hands · considered impolite to allow the food to pass the first joint of the fingers · fingers should never touch the mouth directly · only the right hand may be used in eating ·
This was a great discovery and his engine was soon successful. He went into partnership with a Birmingham engineer named boulton. They started making the improved engine at his works. It was a great success. In 1781 he built an engine which could run machines, a thing no steam engine had ever been able to do before. Watt´s engine became the basis of industry. Watt didn´t work on his engine only. He made a number of other inventions of different kind. The most important was copying machine. Watt´s copying machine was used all over the country for about 100 years until the typewriter took its place. In physics the unit of electric power or activity was named ,,a watt" after him. At the age of 64, Watt retired. But he still continued experimenting. His last invention was a machine for copying sculptures. Watt had many friends and he often received visitors to his home. He was a great talker and very fond
Anesteesia ajalugu 19. sajandi keskpaik Anesteesia ehk narkoos on üks põhikomponente operatsiooni teostamisel. Ilma anesteesiata võib osutuda operatsioon peaaegu võimatuks, kuna inimene võib endast välja minna, mis tõstab pulssi ja seetõttu ka verekaotust. Nimelt ka valu on patsiendil väga raske operatsiooni ajal taluda. Aegade algusest peale on inimesed püüdnud leida mooduseid, kuidas muuta valu operatsiooni ajaks talutavamaks või olematuks. Vanadel aegadel kasutati selleks kanepit ja mitmeid teisi taimi, et luua inimesele uimane olek. Operatsioon oli meeletult piinarikas. Rooma arst on kirjutanud umbes sajand peale kristust: "Kirurg peab olema tugeva ja täpse käega, mis kunagi ei värise. Ta peab olema valmis kasutama oma vasakut kätt sama hästi, kui oma paremat. Olema nägemiselt täpne ja klaar. Olemuselt täis kaastunnet, soovides ravida oma patsienti kuid sellegipo...
In my opinion, life in the future will be much more pleasant than it is today. In the first place, there will be many improvements in the field of medicine. Scientists are confident that cures for diseases such as cancer and AIDS will have been found. Therefore, the lives of thousands of people will be saved. Also, new technological breakthroughs will make our lives easier. Computers will be able to perform more time-saving functions, transport will be faster and more efficient and new inventions will continue to help us carry out daily tasks with ease and comfort. On the other hand, there are those who believe that life in the future will not be so trouble-free. We will have used up the world's natural resources, therefore our planet will be on the verge of destruction. What is more, some fear that pollution will have increased due to problems such as deforestation and that acid rain will only have been made worse. They do not consider, however,
Davinciite, a recently found mineral recognised in 2011 by the International Mineralogical Association, is named in honour of the artist. Leonardo da Vinci imagined and sketched the first parachute in the 15 th century. He didn´t invent the clock, but he did design a more accurate one, which had two separate mechanisms: one for minutes and one for hours. Leonardo da Vinci is also believed to be the inventor of scuba gear. Many of his inventions didn´t became well-known until the famous Codex Atlanticus (which is a twelve-volume, bound set of drawings and writings (in Italian language) by Leonardo da Vinci). We chose Leonardo Da Vinci because he is so well-known and we thought that he was an interesting person. Also we were sure, that there would be a lot of information and research about him because of his fame.
Another tale tells of William Tell, who shot an arrow through an apple while standing on his son's head. The Renaissance was an age in which more individuals felt the value of their human being. Martin Luther was nailed to the church door at Wittenberg for selling papal indulgences. He died a horrible death, being excommunicated by a bull. It was the painter Donatello's interest in the female nude that made him the father of the Renaissance. It was an age of great inventions and discoveries. Gutenberg invented the Bible. Sir Walter Raleigh is a historical figure because he invented cigarettes. Another important invention was the circulation of blood. Sir Francis Drake circumcised the world with a 100-foot clipper. The government of England was a limited mockery. Henry VIII found walking difficult because he had an abbess on his knee. Queen Elizabeth was the "Virgin Queen." As a queen she was a success. When Elizabeth exposed
births and deaths.The first printed newspaper was a Chinese circular called Dibao. It was printed from carved wooden blocks during the A.D. 700's. The first regular published printed newspaper in Europe was Avisa Relation oder Zeitung of Strasbourg, Germany (now France). It started in 1609. A weekly newssheet established in 1622 was the first printed newspaper in England. The ground work for mass communications in the 20th century was laid in the 19th century by two inventions, which allowed people to communicate by wire: the electric telegraph and the telephone. As the telegraph came into widespread use, inventors searched for a way to transmit sound without wires. In 1885 the German scientist Hertz made a machine that produced radio waves and a receiver which could detect them from distance the radio. Soon after that the makers of the first radio realized that it could also be used for `broadcasting'messages for information or entertainment.
Lähte Ühisgümnaasium Pesumasin Referaat Lähte 2011 Sissejuhatus Rõivaste pesemine oli varem tülikas töö, mida nimetati isegi suurimaks probleemiks, kuid selle on suures osas lahendanud nüüdisaegne tehnika pesumasina kujul. Aegade jooksul on leiutatud igasuguseid seadeldisi pesulauast kuni pesurullini välja, et rõivaste puhastamine oleks tõhusam ja ei nõuaks palju jõudu, kuid nende kasutajatel tuli ikkagi käsitsitööd teha. Mõni naine palkas pesunaise, teised jälle käisid pesu pesemas avalikes pesumajades. Meremehed oma laevaretkedel pesid pesu meres nii, et kott, milles olid mustad riided, lohises laeval järel ja see vool, mis kotist läbi käis, see eemaldas mustuse riietelt. Kuni 19.sajandi...
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF EVIDENCE IN DECIDING what separates science from pseudoscience? SCIENCE is knowledge covering general truths of the operation of general laws, especially as obtained and tested through scientific method and concerned with the physical world. PSEUDOSCIENCE is a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method. Pseudohistory is any work that claims to be history, but does not use established historiographical methods; especially one that uses disputed evidence and speculation rather than relying on the analysis of primary THE DENIAL OF HOLOCAUST real life situation of pseudohistory WHAT IS THE HOLOCAUST? the holocaust was a systematic elimination of a nation, in which approximately six million European Jews were killed during the period 1941-1945. Adolf Hitler's Nazi regime and it's collaborators were behind the genocide which took place thro...
congealed and low-percented. If these chronicles had been a really scientific study of transition one would have dwelt probably on such factors as the invention of bicycle, motor-car, and flying- machine; the arrival of a cheap Press; the decline of country life and increase of the towns; the birth of the Cinema. Men are, in fact, quite unable to control their own inventions; they at best develop adaptability to the new conditions those inventions create. But this long tale is no scientific study of a period; it is rather an intimate incarnation of the disturbance that Beauty effects in the lives of men. The figure of Irene, never, as the reader may possibly have observed, present, except through the senses of other characters, is a concretion of disturbing Beauty impinging on a possessive world. One has noticed that readers, as they wade on through the salt waters of the Saga, are inclined more
from the wall he was sitting on. Before reaching the Seventh Square and meeting the Knight who was supposed to chaperone her through it, Alice made acquaintance with the Lion and the Unicorn. Alice and the Unicorn both shared an admiration towards each other since they had both always thought that the other one doesn't really exist. The Seventh Square wasn't that eventful the Knight was an inventor and proudly talked about his inventions the whole time. And then Alice finally became QUEEN. It was weird for her because she didn't expect it to happen so soon. The White and the Red Queens where also there. They soon entered a house where Alice was seated at the end of the table. She was very hungry but she couldn't eat anything because the Red Queen kept interrupting. In addition just as she was about the start her thank you speech something happened and everything started changing shape. Alice was
there was still slavery. In 1861 the war broke out between south and west, and in the question of slavery. In 1865 south had to surrender and the north had won. Then slavery was abolished all over America. INDUSTRIALIZATION AND IMMIGRATION In less than fifty years the United States was transformed from a rural republic into an urban state. The nation's economic progress, based on iron, steam and electrical power was speeded up by thousands of inventions like telephone and typewriter. 20 million immigrants poured into the country between 1870 and 1910. they agreed to work at almost any wages and under almost any conditions. The bettereducated blacks, who had left to the South searching for work became the object of viloent racial discriminationand were forced into ghettoes. THE FIRST WORLD WAR In April 1917 Congress declared war on Germany, because of attacks
now part of the London Borough of Southwark; but then a suburban part of Surrey, one mile south of London Bridge. Faraday studied the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a DC electric current, and established the basis for the electromagnetic field concept in physics. He discovered electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and laws of electrolysis. He established that magnetism could affect rays of light and that there was an underlying relationship between the two phenomena. His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became viable for use in technology. As a chemist, Faraday discovered benzene, investigated the clathrate hydrate of chlorine, invented an early form of the bunsen burner and the system of oxidation numbers, and popularized terminology such as anode, cathode, electrode, and ion. Although Faraday
By ''mass media '' we intend to those means of communication which can reach large or mass audiences. The most important are probably Television, Radio, the Press and Internet. The English-speaking peoples have always allowed more freedom of speech and of the press than most other countries. This gave them an advantage from the start in communications. The ground work for mass communications in the 20th century was laid in the 19th century by two inventions which allowed people to communicate by wire. These were the electric telegraph and the telephone. The telegraph was invented in Britain in 1837. They were being used in the Civil war. It allowed messages to be sent electrically over telegraph wires. This was much faster and more reliable than sending messages by horse messenger. the telephone was invented In 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell. The first radio broadcasts were transmitted in the USA in 1916
by several measures the most popular spectator sport in the United States. Boxing and horse racing were once the most watched individual sports, but they have been eclipsed by golf and auto racing. Soccer, though not a leading professional sport in the country, is played widely at the youth and amateur levels. Tennis and many outdoor sports are also popular. While most major U.S. sports have evolved out of European practices, basketball, skateboarding, and snowboarding are American inventions. Eight Olympic Games have taken place in the United States. The United States has won 2,191 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, more than any other country, and 216 in the Winter Olympic Games, the second most.
● “...novel implementation of an invention, discovery, new or existing knowledge in economic process” (Joseph A. Schumpeter) ● An innovation is the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organisational method in business practices, workplace organisation or external relations” (Oslo Manual). Innovation and entrepreneurship Schumpeter on innovation: the role of inventions and entrepreneurs ● Innovation as “new combinations” of existing resources: “Innovation is possible without anything we should identify as invention and invention does not necessarily induce innovation, but produces of itself no economically relevant effect at all” (Schumpeter 1939, 59) Innovations are produced by entrepreneurs: ● “the dream and the will to found a private kingdom, usually, though not necessarily, also a dynasty”
basis for the magnetic field concept in physics. He discovered, He discovered electromagnetic induction, Second level diamagnetism, and laws of electrolysis. He established that magnetism could affect rays of light and that there was an underlying relationship between the two phenomena. His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devicesformed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became viable for use in technology. Third level Fourth level
............................................................... 27 3.3 Kohustuslik litsentseerimine...........................................................................................29 3.4 Patendikaitseta leiutised..................................................................................................30 Kokkuvõte.................................................................................................................................31 SUMMARY Nanotechnological Inventions in Patent Law: Challenges and Solutions................................ 33 KASUTATUD KIRJANDUS ..................................................................................................34 SISSEJUHATUS 3 Nanotehnoloogia kui rakendusteadus on tänapäeval uus ning kiiresti arenev nähtus, kus
Water pollution Attention for water pollution exploded in the 1980s. The oil spill of the Exxon Valdez showed many around the world just how horrible the effects of water pollution could be. However, even the Exxon Valdez spill barely touched the surface of the problem of water pollution. The ship spilt only 5% of the oil spilt that year, and oil is just one of many pollutants that people dump into the water every year. Every year, 14 billions pounds of sewage, sludge, and garbage are dumped into the world's oceans. 19 trillion gallons of waste also enter the water annually. The problem of ocean pollution affects every nation around the world. This is especially true because water is able to transport pollution from one location to another. For many years, chemicals were dumped into bodies of water without concern. While many countries have now banned such behavior, it continues to go on today. As the world has industrialized and i...
religions and split away from the Roman Catholic church. Although changes took place everywhere in Europe, Florence was the centre of the Renaissance. Fifteenth century Florence was an exciting place to be. At that time the city was independent and had a population of about 60,000 . Leonardo da Vinci (1452--1519) was one of the most famous people of the Renaissance period. He was not only a famous painter but also studied science, designed machines and drew plans for new inventions. Young Leonardo grew up near Florence and studied painting with the great painters of the city. After a few years in Milan, where he painted for a famous duke ,he came back to Florence and painted a new hall for the city council. In his paintings da Vinci experimented with many techniques that artists hadn't used before. For example, he started to use perspective in his paintings. He put small objects in the background to make them appear far away. He also experimented with light, shade and
the establishment of the powerful Tudor monarchy. Civil War broke out in 1642 and it lasted until1649. It ended with complete victory for the parliamentary forces. The king was captured and executed after a trial for crimes against his people. The leader of the parliamentary army, Oliver Cromwell, became "Lord Protector" of the republic. The monarchy was restored in 1660, after the death of Cromwell. In the 18th.century Britain expanded its empire in America, in Africa and India. Technological inventions led to the Industrial Revolution. Hundreds of thousands of people moved from rural areas into new towns and cities. London became an important business and trading centre. By the 19th century Britain was a powerful empire with its colonies in Canada, France, Australia, New Zealand, India and Africa. Tens of thousands people left Great Britain to settle in these colonies. Government The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with Elizabeth II, Queen of the United
· Dickenson, H. W., James Watt: Craftsman and Engineer Cambridge University Press (1935). · H.W. Dickinson and Hugh Pembroke Vowles James Watt and the Industrial Revolution (published in 1943, new edition 1948 and reprinted in 1949. Also published in Spanish and Portuguese (1944) by the British Council) · J. P. Muirhead, Origin and Progress of the Mechanical Inventions of James Watt (London, 1854). · J. P. Muirhead, Life of Watt (London, 1858). · Samuel Smiles, Lives of the Engineers, (London, 1861-62, new edition, five volumes, 1905). · "Some Unpublished Letters of James Watt" in Journal of Institution of Mechanical Engineers (London, 1915). · Carnegie, Andrew, James Watt University Press of the Pacific (2001) (Reprinted from the
Sissejuhatus Selles uurimustöös räägin ma Ameerika 19.- 20. sajandi tähtsamatest leiutistest ja leiutajatest. Töö eemärgiks on näidata, kuidas on leiutised muutnud inimkonna elu ja kvaliteeti. Valisin selle teema, sest iga päev kasutan nii mina, mu pere kui ka sõbrad kunagiste leiutiste uuenenud versioone, mõtlemata, et ükskord olid need suured leiutised. Leiutised on läbiaegade muutnud inimese eluviisi ja tööharjumusi ning arvatavasti teevad seda ka edaspidi. Tänu leiutistele saab nimene lihtsa vaevaga reisida erinevatesse linnadesse ja maadesse, olla ühenduses sõprade ja pereliikmetega olenemata nende asukohast. Näiteks kahe päevase Tallinn Tartu hobusõidu asemel on see vahemaa praegu võimalik läbida autoga kõigest kahe tunniga. Samas toovad leiutised endaga kaasa ka uusi riske. Näiteks liiklusavariid, mis juhtuvad, kui juht ei arvesta ettenähtud eeskirjadega. Uurimustöö jaguneb kaheks peatükiks. Esimese peatükis on juttu 19. sajan...
As the need arose, man seized the use of pictures and paintings for self-expression, which later developed the concept of writing. With the need for writing evolved the need for a substance to write on. Rocks, parchments, and leaves were initially used, but they were not satisfactory. With the passage of time, paper was first invented in China and later mushroomed in the rest of the world. The above inventions were worth mentioning to interpret the fact that how man moulded himself in accordance with his needs. As the need arose, man came up with new ideas, new thoughts, and forcefully pushed his mind to run on that particular line of action. Even in the modern era, man has been found to observe the same behavioral patterns. Some years ago, TB and cancer were regarded as incurable diseases, man conducted massive research on them and finally came up with effective solutions.
niisugusega. as such: The exclusion from patentability of programs for computers as such (Article 52(2) and (3) EPC) may be construed to mean that such programs are considered to be mere abstract creations, lacking in technical character. The use of the expression "shall not be regarded as inventions" seems to confirm this interpretation. This means that programs for computers must be considered as patentable inventions when they have a technical character. Seega andmekandjale salvestatud arvutiprogramm on patenditav, kui esineb “täiendav tehniline efekt”, st selline, mis erineb tavalisest programmi tööga kaasnevast füüsikalisest efektist. Nt auto või rongi pidurite suurem töökindlus, kiirem ja parema kvaliteediga side mobiiltelefonide vahel, arvuti enda parem (kiirem jne) toimimine. -------- järeldub: Art 52(2)(c) of the European Patent Convention
com/od/pstartinventions/a/plastics.htm (Alla laetud 30.10.2011.) [8] History of plastics. Cannon-Sandretto Plastics Museum.. http://museo.cannon.com/museonew/UKmuseo/storia/storia2UK.asp?decenpass= (Alla laetud 30.10.2011.) [9] Atsetaat. Swicofil AG textile services. http://www.swicofil.com/products/204acetate.html (Alla laetud 30.10.2011.) [10] Candy Bags, Cellophane Bags, Cello bags. (foto) http://www.boxandwrap.com/cello.html (Alla laetud 9.11.2011.) [11] Carlisle, R. Scientific American Inventions and Discoveries. John Wiley & Songs, Inc., New Jersey. 2004. [12] Harris, R. Life before plastics. 2008. http://scienceray.com/technology/applied-science/life-before- plastic/ (Alla laetud 30.10.2011.) [13] Early jewelery plastics & testing for bakelite. http://www.thethriftshopper.com/sections/magazine/2007/mayimages/Galalith%20buttons.jpg (Alla laetud 9.11.2011.) [14] Kulu, P., Kübarsepp, J., Hendre, E., Metusala, T., Tapupere, O. Materjalid. (Loengukonspekt)
monetary policies, exchange rates and inflation rates. These may also vary from one country to another. x Socio-cultural factors represent the culture of the society that an organization operates within. They may include demographics, age distribution, population growth rates, level of education, distribution of wealth and social classes, living conditions and lifestyle. x Technological factors refer to the rate of new inventions and development, changes in information and mobile technology, changes in internet and e-commerce or even mobile commerce, and government spending on research. x Environmental impacts can include issues such as limited natural resources, waste disposal and recycling procedures. 6 Hea võimalus makrokeskonna analüüsiks ja selle abil strateegia kujundamiseks on PESTG analüüs. See jaotab
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