Phonetics Glossary Homework
These strong consonants tend to be long, voiceless, aspirated, and high.
With fortis consonants, following thumb rules stay true: articulation with more muscular effort and
greater breath force, voiceless in all positions, fortis plosives are aspirated in syllable-initial
position, vowels are shortened before a fortis consonant.
Example: voiceless [bb ] is "lenis", whereas [p] is "fortis". Lenis plosives have less intraoral pressure
than fortis ones. The difference is easily noticed in the English pair "touched" vs. "judged" (said in
isolation). The final consonants are pronounced without vocal fold vibration in both cases. But the
fricative component of the affricate in "touched" is much noisier (more turbulent) than that of the
affricate in "judged". This is presumably because in devoiced lenis obstruents the vocal folds adopt
the ‘whisper’ position, i.e
annaabi.ee 
