The Rise and Demise of the New Public Management, 28 10
context; taking the citizen merely as customer takes away her participatory rights and
duties and thus hollows out the state; the abolition of career civil service will usually
let administrative capacity erode; depolitization and thus de-democratization
leads to the return of the imperial bureaucrat (in its worst sense, disguised as the
entrepreneurial bureaucrat same power, less responsibility); and contracting-out
has proven to be excessively expensive and often infringing on core competences of
the state as well as on the most basic standards of equity. Total Quality Management
is actually not necessarily an NPM concept; it can be just as well used elsewhere and
was actually always understood to be part of a well-working PA; project management
may frequently work, but as a principle and in the long run, it is more expensive and
less responsible than the traditional approach.
The economics-based problems of NPM were in fact quite predictable, partially
annaabi.ee 
