DAMS Contents What is a dam Dam types Estonian dams What is a dam § A dam is a structure designed to hold back water in a lake or river. § Dams typically include gates that can be opened or closed to allow the needed amount of water to pass downstream or leave the lake. § Generally, a hydropower station is also constructed at or near the dam site to develop hydropower. § Dams are very huge structure and require huge money, manpower and time to construct. Dam types Embankment dams · Embankment dams are the most common type of dam in use today. · Materials used for embankment dams include natural soil or rock · The ability of an embankment dam to resist the reservoir water pressure is primarily a result of the mass weight,
.......................................................................................37 10.4 Wind......................................................................................................................... 37 .......................................................................................................................................... 38 Picture 10.3. Wind turbine................................................................................................38 HYDROPOWER................................................................................................................38 11.1 How hydropower works.......................................................................................... 38 11.2 Where hydropower is generated...............................................................................39 11.3 Hydropower and the environment...........................................................................40
Hello My name is JOHN SMITH and I am here to talk about Hydroelectricity. Global energy use has risen by 70% since 1971 and continues to increase at the rate of 2% per year. There are many scenarios for future demand. One solution would be to use more hydropower. In 2005, renewable energy represented one-fifth of total power generation. Hydropower is the most advanced of the renewable and represents 87% of this production. 160 countries all over the world are using hydropower. Five countries make up more than half of the world's hydropower production. Those countries are: Brazil,Canada, China, Russia and the USA. (Production) *Most of the energy comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving a water turbine and generator. In this case the energy extracted from the water depends on the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's outflow.
from the breeze. Wind turbine use has increased at more than 25 percent a year. Wind is a clean source of renewable energy that produces no air or water pollution. Wind is free, operational costs are nearly zero once a turbine is erected. Negative aspects of wind energy Wind turbines make noise. Slowly rotating blades can kill birds and bats. Wind is variable: if it's not blowing , there's no electricity generated. Wind turbines are expensive. Hydroelectric power Hydropower is electricity generated using the energy of moving water. Hydropower is the cheapest way to generate electricity today. It's a clean fuel source that is renewable yearly by snow and rainfall. Hydropower is readily available; engineers can control the flow of water through the turbines to produce electricity on demand. In addition, reservoirs may offer recreational opportunities, such as swimming and boating. A typical hydro plant is a system with three parts: an electric plant
Hydroelectricity Sander Vidder Kristo London Hydroelectricity Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy. History Hydropower has been used since ancient times to grind flour and perform other tasks. In the mid1770s, French engineer Bernard Forest de Bélidor published Architecture Hydraulique which described vertical and horizontalaxis hydraulic machines. Hydroelectric Dam Generating methods Conventional (dams) Pumpedstorage Runoftheriver Underground Advantages Economics CO2 emissions Other uses of the reservoir Disadvantages Ecosystem damage and loss of land Siltation Relocation Failure hazard
CO emissions were study on this and actually less than half of wrote an article about what was stated. it. · Subsidies (government · Forbes said "no" money) to the wind sector is more than 200 times as great as those given to oil and gas sector. Oh and the wind has to blow. Hydropower Power to the Water · By using earth's · 90% energy water cycles and efficient compared running water used to natural gas threw mostly dams being 50% to provide energy. efficient. · Hydropower is · The only problem about 1/3 the cost is, you need water. of using fossil fuels and about 1/6 the cost of natural gas. Biofuels · Using natural I Love you Plants materials to turn
http://www.visitingdc.com/las-vegas/hoover-dam-directions.asp http://www.bioneer.ee/eluviis/roheline_kontor/aid-10540/Millised-on-taastuvad-energiaallikad- http://www.loodusajakiri.ee/eesti_loodus/index.php?artikkel=1993 http://www.loodusajakiri.ee/eesti_loodus/index.php?artikkel=1993 http://www.tuuleenergia.ee/uploads/File/Taastuvatest_allikatest_elektri %20tootmise_v6imalused_Eestis_bak_too_Leo_Rummel.pdf , lk 29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_energy_consumption#Hydropower file:///C:/Users/Anna/Downloads/Taastuvad%20energiaallikad.pdf
3. ohustatud endangered 4. soojustama issulate 5. jalakäija pedestrian 6. ümber töötlema prügi recycle 7. tuumaelektrijaam nuclear power station 8. tootma generate 9. puudus lack 10. välja laskma emit 11. linnade vohumine urban sprawl 12. jalgrattatee cyclepath 13. prügimägi dump 14. säästmine pollution 15. veepuudus water shortage 16. ülerahvastus crowded 17. lage raie clear cutting 18. kaldalähedane inshore 19. vee energia hydropower 20. päikseenergia solarpower 21. mandri euroopa continental Europe 22. vahepeatus call at 23. mäenõlvad mountain slopes 24. tõkestuma hamper 25. sissetung invasion 26. loodus keskkond natural habitat 27. eraldatud separated 28. munakivisillutisega cobblet 29. föön hair- dryer 30. putukatõrje insect repellent 31. esmaabi first- aid 32. tulikuum boiling hot 33. jäiselt külm freezing 34. nõmm moor 35. kaldaäär coastline 36
frozen külmutatud, jäätunud, tardunud gadget (väike spetsialiseeritud) tööriist, asjandus gas mask gaasimask generate tootma, tekitama global warming globaalne soojenemine (power) grainmill/grain mill teraviljaveski grateful tänulik greenhouse gases kasvuhoone gaasid hold still paigal püsima, vankumatult seisma 1 hue värvitoon, värvus hum ümisema, sumisema, kihama humming fly mesilane hydropower hüdroenergia imagery kujundid, kujundlikkus, kujutlus industrial tööstuslik, tööstus-, töö-, industriaal- inspire inspireerima, vaimustama, sisse hingama insulate isoleerima, eraldama Injuit innuiit, eskimo (Kanadas ja Gröönimaal) knob nupp (kepi vm) lack puudus layer kith, paigaldaja lizard sisalik logger parvepoiss, palgiparvetaja lose heart põnnama lööma, heituma lyric(s) laulusõna(d) mahogany mahagon mammal imetaja
Solar energy is the energy derived directly from the Sun. Along with nuclear energy, it is the most important source of energy on Earth. People usually use solar energy to produce electricity and heat. Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as electricity, using wind turbines. These wind turbines are popular in counties, where the average speed of the wind is at least 6 meters per second for example in Germany, Denmark, USA and India. Hydropower is energy derived from the movement of water in rivers and oceans,it can be used to generate electricity using turbines, or can be used mechanically to do useful work. It is a very common resource. Besides these , there are a lot more renewable resources such as animals, plants, forrests and so on. Non-renewable resources: Some resources take hundreds, thousands and even millions of years to be made. These are
legislation, incentives and commercialization. New government spending, regulation, and policies should help the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than many other sectors. Costs Renewable energy systems encompass a broad, diverse array of technologies, and the current status of these can vary considerably. Some technologies are already mature and economically competitive (e.g. geothermal and hydropower), others need additional development to become competitive without subsidies. This can be helped by improvements to sub-components, such as electric generators. The table shows an overview of costs of various renewable energy technologies. For comparison with the prices in the table, electricity production from a conventional coal-fired plant costs about 4¢/kWh. Though in some G8 nations the cost can be significantly higher at 7.88p (~15¢/kWh)
state, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Parliament of Fiji. Fiji, endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, is one of the more developed of the Pacific island economies, though still with a large subsistence sector. Natural resources include timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower. Fiji experienced a period of rapid growth in the 1960s and 1970s but stagnated in the 1980s. The coup of 1987 caused further contraction. Economic liberalization in the years following the coup created a boom in the garment industry and a steady growth rate despite growing uncertainty of land tenure in the sugar industry. The expiration of leases for sugar cane farmers (along with reduced farm and factory efficiency) has led to a decline in sugar production despite a subsidized price
South island is colder. Energy and natural resources: Despite a comparatively small population and abundant natural resources, New Zealand is a net importer of energy. Energy importation is in the form of oil products. About 30% of primary energy is from renewable energy sources. The leading manufacturing sectors are food processing, metal fabrication, wood and paper products. Natural resources: natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone Government & economy: New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parlamentary democracy. The House of Representatives - with 120 members an 5 seats for Maoris. Queen Elizabeth is Queen of New Zealand and is represented as head of state by the Governorgeneral. Free education and medical healthcare for children and adult alike are part of the Goverment social platforms. Economy has traditionally been based on exports. Biggest cities:
Political effects Acid rain can cause political tension between countries, good example is Canada and Usa. The goverment has to make öaws to battle the gasses for example taxing factories for using gasses. Bad faming= less expore Solutions Clean the smoke coming from smoke stacks on factories using scrubbers Design cars that make cleaner emissions Use less fossil fuels, such as coal, for power. The problem is that nuclear power, hydropower and coal are the cheapest forms of enery today. But adcancements in techonologies might change this in the future. Use more alternative energy sources such as wind and solar power Wind and solar powerstations are expensive to build. Create goverment regulations such as limiting car and factory emissions When the goverment would limit car emissions, people might strike and civil war might be caused Restore damaged enviroment
Hüdroenergia, mis on andnud neile elektrit, on Rootsis alates 1882, aga vesi hakkas kasutama juba keskajal Rootsis. Aastal 1700, vesirattad domineerivad täielikult jõuallikas valdkonnas. Kasutades vesirataste võiks siis tegutsevad suured ja rasked masinad, kuid puuduseks oli see, et tekkinud energia ei kavatse vedada rohkem kui vesi ratta telg jõudnud. Tänapäeval Hydropower üks tähtsamaid kodumaiste energiaallikate. Enamik ja peamised elektrijaamad on Ume jõel ja Lule jõel. Rootsi suurimad hüdroelektrijaam GWh / aastas: -Stornorrfors (Ume jõel) 2290 -Harsprånget (Lule jõel) 2240 -Messaure (Lule jõel) 1900 -Letsi (Lule jõel) 1770 -Krångede (Indalsälven) 1650 Hüdroenergia osakaal kogu energiavarustuse Rootsis oli aastal 1994 10%. Aga nüüd on otsustatud, et
responsible for the increased migration of people to these areas. Much of the economic growth in Canada today is fueled by small-to mediumsized companies. Because Canada has abundant energy resources, the global oil crisis which began in 1999 has helped its energy companies increase their outputs and profits. The nation has abundant natural resources that include iron ore, nickel, copper, zinc, gold, lead, silver, timber, fish, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and hydropower. Regionally, the Canadian economy varies greatly. In the Eastern provinces, marine industries-- including fishing, telecommunications, and energy production--are the main components of the economy. In the French-speaking region of Quebec, the city of Montreal has become one of the nation's centers for high-technology firms. This includes a large number of computer software companies. There is also a large industrial base which includes companies that produce
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