Soil microflora
organic matter, food and energy supply, microbial association and interactions)
2. Cultural practices
These factors play a great role in determining not only the number and type of organism but
also their activities. Variations in any one or more of these factors may lead to the changes in
the activity of the organisms which ultimately affect the soil fertility level.
Natural conditions
Extreme environments such as high-altitude and highlatitude ecosystems are very sensitive to
environmental changes. Global warming is hypothesised to alter both above- and below
ground processes affecting the soil ecosystem (Asher et al. 2012). As an example, Asher et al.
(2012) further proved in their research on humus creation that thermal conditions (due to
differences in altitude and exposure) and consequently the climate influence soil microflora
considerably. Humus being defined as an organic residue in the soil resulting from
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