CONDITIONALS · Type 0 Present Simple if + I, I o If you boil water, it evaporates.(Loodusseadus) · Type 1 if + I , will + I o If you study more, you will get better marks. (Kui õpid rohkem, saad paremaid hindeid.) · Type 2 if II, would + I o do If you studied more, you would get better marks. (Kui õpiksid, saaksid) · Type 3 if had + III, would have + III o if I had studied more, I wouldn't have had that many mistakes. o If you had studied more, you would have got better marks. (Kui oleksid õppinud, oleksid saanud) · Kasutusel ka variant kus kõik tüübid segi, sellisel juhul tõlgi endajaoks lause ära ja mõtle loogiliselt. If-Clause Main Clause SUPPOSE/SUPPOSING (peaaegu sama, mis if) Type 2 Type 1 ...
Future Forms Future Forms · 1) Future Simple will work · 2) Be going to am/is/are going to work · 3) Present Continuous am/is/are working · 4) Present Simple start(s) Future Forms · 5) Future Continuous will be working · 6) Future Perfect will have worked · 7) Future Perfect Continuous will have been working Future Simple · We do our morning exercises and think, "I think we will have a nice day " · Prediction (ennustused kõhutunde põhjal) · verbs think, believe, guess, expect, hope etc · expressions be sure, be afraid etc · adverbs probably, perhaps, certainly Future Simple · You see your little brother carrying a very heavy suitcase and you think, "I will help him carry the suitcase." · on-the-spot decision (hetkeotsused) Future Simple "Will you help me if I forget my moves?" "Don't worry! I will ta...
Conditionals Sentences with if are used to express possibilities. 0 Zero conditional If-clause present (past) simple Main clause present (past) simple Sometimes sentences with if express certainty rather than possibility. The zero conditional is used to talk about sth. that is always true (such as a scientific fact), or that was always true in the past. In this type of conditional we can use when instead of if. E.g., If/When you mix blue and red, you get purple. If/When you don't water flowers, they die. (present simple in both parts of the sentence) If/When I asked her to come with us, she always said no. (past simple in both parts of the sentence) 1 First conditional If-clause present simple; Main clause future tense (or: can, must, may, etc., + bare infinitive) Used to talk about the consequences of a possible action (a real or very probable situation in the present or ...
Aktiiv Passiiv Present Tegusõna algvorm be + 3.v Simple Somebody cleans this room every day. This room is cleaned every day. Past Simple 2.v was/were + 3.v Somebody built this house in 1895. This house was built in 1895. Future Simple will/shall + 1.v will/shall + be + 3.v People will forget this soon. This will be forgotten soon. Present be + -ing be + being + 3.v Progressive Somebody is cleaning the room right now. The room is being cleaned right now. Past was/were + -ing was/were + being + 3.v Progressive Somebody was cleaning the room when I The room was being cleaned when I ...
Sally woke up in the morning; she looked at the clock and realized that she has been late to the work. She shook a leg - took a shower, grabbed a sandwich, hopped into her car and drove away. Then she almost ran over a stranger man. She braked the car and blew the horn. Then she realized that it was Michael, a nice handsome guy from the beach party at last weekend. If it's not one thing, it's another. She stooped out of the car window to apologize. She had to hurry but wanted to be nice and polite. She said, "Sorry, Michael I didn't noticed you, are you okay?" "Yes, but I will be better if you'll come out with me tonight, would you?" asked Michael. "Sure!" "Well, then I'll come and pick you up at 7pm!" Then Sally drove away, thinking about what she had done. She promised yesterday to her 10-years old daughter that she will watch a movie with her and now Sally didn't know what to do, her agreeing was just a slip of the tongue. ...
Verb forms 1. When I (turn) turned the radio on earlier today, I (hear) heard a song that was popular when I was in basic school. I (hear, not) had not heard the song in years, and it (bring) brought back many great memories. 2. Last week, I (run) ran into an old classmate of mine. We (see, not) had not seen each other in years. I (enjoy) enjoyed talking to her so much that I (ask) asked her, if she’d like to meet me tomorrow. We are getting together tomorrow evening. 3. When Mary (enter) entered the room, I (recognize, not) did not recognize her because she (lose) had lost so much weight and (grow) grown a long, healthy and beautiful hair. He looked totally different! 4. I like listening (listen) to music when I am sad, it really comforts me. 5. I (visit) have visited so many beautiful places since I (come) came to UK. Before moving here, I (hear, n...
Conditionals (...) Conditionals (...) If I were you, I would apologise. If I were you, I would apologise. I would apologise if I were you. I would apologise if I were you. There are 4 types of conditionals: 0,1,2,3 There are 4 types of conditionals: 0,1,2,3 Type 0. Type 0. If + Present Simple (V1(s/es)), ____ Present Simple (V1(s/es)) If + Present Simple (V1(s/es)), ____ Present Simple (V1(s/es)) · General truths, scientific facts · General truths, scientific facts Ex: If you heat water, it boils. Ex: If you heat water, it boils. Type 1. ...
It is a story told by a horse, in his own words. It's about how he was treated and taught when he was a young and healthy horse and how he fell into illness and was treated badly. The Black Beauty didn't remember everything when he was small, but he remembered some very important advice from his mother. She told him that the better he behaved, the better was he treated and he always had to do best of him to his master. One day a man took him with him to the Birtwick Park. There lived other horses and the Beauty became friends with the others. The Black Beauty was a good horse and everyone loved him. One morning a master Gordon had to go to the city with Beauty. When they arrived to the hotel the master put the horse to the stable and went to bed. But suddenly the Black Beauty woke up and smelt smoke. The stable was on fire. Luckily everything went good and nobody got hurt. When they arrived to the Birtwick then everything went like alwa...
Past Tenses • Lihtminevik (Past Simple / Past Indefinite) – ära toimunud, lõpetatud tegevus • Kestev minevik (Past Progressive / Past Continuous) – minevikus pooleli olnud tegevus • Enneminevik !!! (Past Perfect) – minevik enne minevikku OLI -NUD • Kestev enneminevik (Past Perfect Progressive) – enne minevikku äsja lõppenud või toimumas olnud tegevus Created by Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 Past Simple • Ära toimunud (regulaarne) tegevus: I WORKED yesterday. S/he didn’t WORK last Monday. • Lõpetatud tegevus: I already CALLED them today. (I’m not going to call again!) Which countries did you VISIT? (You’re back …) BUT: Which countries have you VISITED so far? (You’re not back yet or you travel regularly …) • Jutustused, mineviku sündmuste kirjeldus: Once upon a time there LIVED a Garfield who HAD many friends. The first one WAS Odie, … • 2pv; ?/-...
Rakvere Ametikool Vitautas Galinkevitsus AV12 Windows Operating System Rakvere 2014 Windows early history Windows history dates back to 1981. Windows 1.0 was released 1985, it had such programs as Calculator, Calendar, Cardfile, Clipboard viewer, Clock, Control Panel, Notepad, Paint, Reversi, Terminal and Write. Second version Windows was released in 1987, it included sophisticated keyboard shortcuts. Did not have a chance to use it…. Windows 3.0 and 3.1 Windows 3.0, which included several UI improvements, was released in 1990. Later on Windows 3.1 was released.Windows 3.1 included better support for multimedia, TrueType and workgroup networking. For me Windows 3.1 was really primitive. Windows 9x Windows 95 – ME were the best operating systems around that time. They were still MS-DOS based. Windows 95 added support for 32-bit applications, plug and play, preemptive multitasking and more. Biggest th...
Report To:headmaster From:Liis Subject: Suggested improvements Date:2nd May 2011 The purpose of this report is to comment on conditions in the college and to make recommendations for possible improvements. Although conditions are generally good, there are one or two problems. Firstly, in large classes, there is not much desk space. Secondly, the classrooms tend to be darl, especially in the winter months. Finally, during video lessons, some of us find it difficult to see screen properly. There are number of changes that could be made in order to improve the situation. To begin with, I would strongly suggest that the number of students per class kept to below ten. In this way... To sump up, while most of us are satisfied with the conditions, I feel that above improvements would make things even better. If these suggestions were carried out... Complaint Dear Sir I am writing to complain about the holiday apartment I rented from you on 15...
William the Conqueror William I was French. William I (1027 9 September 1087), better known as William the Conqueror, was Duke of Normandy from 1035 and King of England from 1066 to his death. William is also referred to as "William II" in relation to his position as Duke of Normandy. In particular, before his conquest of England, he was known as "William the Bastard because of the illegitimacy of his birth. On his father's death in 1035, William was recognised as heir, with his great uncle serving as regent. In 1042 he began to take more personal control. From 1046 until 1055 he dealt with a series of baronial rebellions. William's political and military successes helped him in negotiations to marry Matilda, daughter of Count Baldwin of Flanders in 1053. When William was 24 years old, he visited England for the first time. When he saw what a pleasant country it was, he thought he would like to be its ...
Why was life better /worse in Estonia 50 years ago? If we go back in time 50 years, then we will find ourselves in the year 1958. Certainly it was not one the brightest periods in our lives, because all the Estonians were occupied by Russians and the governing power was also held by them. It was a time where we never even dreamed about life we are having nowadays. The way of life was very complicated, people had limited rights and all the things we nowadays have done by machines were all handmade. These are the major reasons, which made me think that life was worse 50 years ago than now. Why was it so? Firstly, nowadays we can speak about many comforts, which 50 years ago was not so. In 1950s' there were any conveniences at all everything had to be made by yourself and people were living a poor life. People did not have the chance to own expensive technics(as a matter of fact some of them were not invented yet or it jus...
Camp Rock 2 Genres: Comedy, Musical, Romance Actors: Alyson Stoner, Demi Lovato, Joe Jonas, Nick Jonas, Kevin Jonas and the others . Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam is a 2010 Disney Channel Original Movie and sequel to the 2008 film Camp Rock. (It had positive reviews from fans...) The storyline is that Mitchie Torres cannot wait to return to Camp Rock and reunit with all of her camp friends , especially Shane Gray- the boy she met last campyear. They both had decided to spend the summer to get to know each other better. Shane arrives at camp in a chicken wagon after their bus had fallen into the lake. This situation was really funny !! When all the members had arrived they discover that Camp Star, a new camp across the lake, has lured many campers and instructors away, threatening the (very) hard existence of Camp Rock. Camp Star invites Camp Rock to attend a friendly bonfire. After seeing Camp Sta...
Reported Speech (in other words Indirect Speech) If we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker's exact words (direct speech), but reported (indirect) speech. Therefore, you need to learn how to transform direct speech into reported speech. We use reported speech when we are saying what other people say, think or believe. - Example: If this verb is in the present tense (says), it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence. When we are reporting things in the present, future or present perfect we don't change the tense. : direct speech: "I like ice cream" reported speech: She says she likes ice cream - But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense (said), then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech: direct speech: "I like ice cream" reported speech: She said she liked ice cream. ......... · When there are Changing tenses: present changes to past:::: am/is --- was are -...
Estonian Business School ANALYSIS OF A PRESENTATION Home assignment Tallinn 2015 For the home assignment we had to choose one presentation from Ted.com. I chose about a 4 minute presentation by Nilofer Merchant on the following topic: “Got a meeting? Take a walk”. The main reason for choosing this presentation was that I had read Steve Jobs's biographical book and there he talked how he liked to go for a walk when having a meeting and therefore, I thought it would be a good idea to get to know a bit more about something that I already know about. Also, I think that in the future, it pays off to know some easy tricks about how to make your meetings more interesting, more memorable and more healthier. Last thing mentioned in the previous paragraph is nowadays in my opinion, one of the hottest topics and we can see it in the headlines on a daily basis. I am quite sure that people under...
Betty Botter Betty Botter had some butter, "But," she said, "this butter's bitter. If I bake this bitter butter, it would make my batter bitter. But a bit of better butter that would make my batter better." So she bought a bit of butter, better than her bitter butter, and she baked it in her batter, and the batter was not bitter. So 'twas better Betty Botter bought a bit of better butter. Sea Shells by the Sea Shore She sells sea shells by the seashore. The shells she sells are surely seashells. So if she sells shells on the seashore, I'm sure she sells seashore shells. A Flea and a Fly A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Said the flea, "Let us fly!" Said the fly, "Let us flee!" So they flew through a flaw in the flue. Woodchuck How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood? He would chuck, he would, as much as he could, and chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would if a woodchuck could c...
Schools kill creativity Kristiina Moosel N-14 Ken Robinson had a greate speech in TedX 2006. He was discussing about creativity and how we help ourselves and others to develope it. Mostly I agreed with him but still there were some points, where I could argue with him. Ken Robinson says noone knows how’ll the future be like. The future where our kid’s are going to have to live in. Still our education system wants us to prepare them for that. Prepare them for the mystery, for something we have no idea about how it’s going to be. If I had no younger relatives, I’d have to dissagree with him - I mean, when I was in secondary school I had to study mostly only those subjects I’d really need in the future. But I have some relatives younger than I am. The youngest is 9 right now. And when I look at what she must study, well, I studied it in 4th or 5th...
BMW case study Nimi BMW was established in 1916 and has been growing strongly since that time. By the late 1980s it employed some 54 000 people, was the 7th largest automobile manufacturing company in the world, and had subsidiaries in many European countries, South Africa, New Zealand, the United States, Canada and Japan. By 2006, BMW had 22 production sites in 12 countries and delivered 1 138 000 cars to costumers. Its major market is Western Europe (59 per cent of all cars sold), though China is an increasingly important market for luxury Rolls-Royce cars. The company has its own six inner values, which are communication, ethical behaviour to its staff, achievement and remuneration, independence, self-fulfilment and the pursuit of new goals. This value-oriented policy came from senior managers back in 1980s. The company also emphasises extensive consu...
Slaid 1. Henry Ford Henry Ford in the eyes of of many, the leading figure of modern capitalism: he gave us Fordism- not just the a way of manufacturing but a new form of intustrial organisation. Indeed, according to Henry himself, he 'invented the modern age'. His vision was that all his employees could afford his products. He also invented the modern corporation- yet the Ford Motor Company was almsot wholly driven by the needs of production. Finance, marketing, cost accounting, managerial structure, and all the other accoutrements of modern corporations were of little or no intrest to Henry Ford. Henry Ford also regarded himself as a leader of the American people- as indeed were all business people in his eyes. But his belief that he understood the people better than their political leaders is best represented by his claim during prohibition. For Ford, at least early on, the seduction of wages still required its opposite for effective ...
Letter of complaint 30/03/2009 Dear Mr Friedberg, I am writing to complain about the last three movies you made: "Disaster Movie", "Meet the Spartans" and "Disaster Movie". I recently saw all of them but unfortunately they are really bad. In the first place you promise that your movies are very funny, but they don´t. The jokes are just lame. Only 5th graders would laugh when they hear the jokes. I know that these movies are meant to be parodys but you should show more respect to the original movies. In addition to that the acting is very poor. You should have hired some well know actors. Maybe they would have saved the movies. Also the movies had lots of mistakes in them. For example the positions of furniture changed in several frames. The mistakes could have been avoided when you had edited the ...
A 14 year old junky Joonas Preedin 10. A Once there lived a girl named Samantha, she was 14 years old and lived in York. Her family decided to move to London for a better job. She was really unhappy, because she had to leave all her friends. Once they finally moved she went to a new school. Samantha had difficulties with making new friends. She sat alone in the canteen. She was always bullied by the big tough girls at the school. Once she stood up to them and the bad girls seemed to like her so called “sassiness”. They invited her to the back ally to “talk”, of course Sam did not know what they ment by that, so she went outside. As they were outside one of the bad girls pulled out a syringe and injected it into Samantha. She was scared to her life, that was literally the last thing she would have thought of. The bad girls only laughed, they guessed that i...
The patriot by Stephen Molstad The story took place in the 18th century. Benjamin Martin was a veteran of the FrenchIndian War and a widower who raised his seven children. Gabriel, the oldest, wanted to join the American forces without his father's permission. Martin, who knew the horrifying carnage that war presented, didn't want his son to participate, but against his father's wishes, Gabriel did join up. He returned home after two years, stumbling wounded into the family home. That night, a skirmish between the British and the patriots woke the Martins and they gave care to the wounded of both sides the next morning. British soldiers approached the house, proceeded to kill the Colonial wounded, burnt down the house and took Gabriel into custody as a spy, intending to hang him. Martin's 15yearold son Thomas was killed while trying to free Gabriel as he was taken prisoner. Enraged Martin set about to free his son Gabriel, w...
Present Simple · Korduv, regulaarne tegevus: I WORK every day / each Monday / only on Wednesdays. · Üldine, tavapärane tegevus; loodusseadused / füüsika etc. reeglid: I usually DO NOT WORK in summer. She DOES NOT WORK at night. Magnet ATTRACTS iron. · !!! Spordikommentarid: ... and now he PASSES the ball ... and off he GOES towards the goal... · 1pv (+s/es Å he/she/it); ? DO(ES)+ 1pv ; - DO(ES) not + 1pv Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Progressive · Hetkel toimuv, pooleliolev tegevus: S/he IS TALKing on the phone now. I AM READing an interesting book. · Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they ARE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They'RE GROWing tomatoes instead. · !!! Halvakspanu väljendus harjumuspärase tegevuse kohta: He IS always COMPLAINing! · BE (am/is/are) + 1pv-ing Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 ...
Edulugude võistlus Success-story competition „Small Town Inhabitants – Educated or Uneducated People“ To begin with, my childhood was quite ordinary, I spent a lot of time in my country home, spending most of my time playing. I have been raised by my mother. As I grew older, I got more and more interested in different things. At one point it occured to me that when I want to be successful in some field, then I really have to educate myself in that filed.When my friends have characterised me then they have mainly mentioned that I am an active person, who has been successful in different fields. I still do not think I am succesful because it is a really complicated definition, but I know that I have succeeded in doing several things. For me the key is my so called success has been that when dealing with a particular thing I have tried to delve into the subject as deep as possible. Firstly, when we are talking about success and asking t...
Sense and sensibility The story is about Elinor and Marianne, two daughters of Mr Dashwood by his second wife. They have a younger sister, Margaret, and an older half-brother named John. When their father dies, the family estate passes to John, and the Dashwood women are left in reduced circumstances. In 18th century womens didn´t have so big role in society as men´s. Only change to get rich by women`s was marriage with the rich man. In movie was mostly talked about high class people. Womens didn´t have the opportunity to take a part in policy. Richer womens had change to hire a butler, so they did´t have to do household job. Women`s free time activities where mostly: music( mostly violin or piano), handcrafting , celebrations and reading. Men`s had a big role in society. Men`s had all the important jobs. Better-paid jobs where : politician, lawyer and to go army and get rich. Men`s free time activit...
Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl (1916-1990) The room was warm and clean, the curtains drawn, the two table lamps alight - hers and the one by the empty chair opposite. On the sideboard behind her, two tall glasses, soda water, whiskey. Fresh ice cubes in the Thermos bucket. Mary Maloney was waiting for her husband to come him (correction: home) from work. Now and again she would glance up at the clock, but without anxiety, merely to please herself with the thought that each minute gone by made it nearer the time when he would come. There was a slow smiling air about her, and about everything she did. The drop of a head as she bent over her sewing was curiously tranquil. Her skin - for this was her sixth month with child - had acquired a wonderful translucent quality, the mouth was soft, and the eyes, with their new placid look, seemed larger darker than before. When the clock said ten minutes to five, she began to listen, and a...
MUST- tugev kohustus enda seisukohalt MUSTN'T- range keeld MUST HAVE IIIpv kui ollakse peaaegu kindel millegi toimumises. HAD TO - kohustus ja vajadusminevikus HAVE TO - tugev kohustus teiste seisukohalt. DON'T HAVE TO, DIDN'T HAVE TO pole kohustust DO/ DOES/ DID NOT NEED TO - millegi tegemine polnud vajalik NEED TO- vajadus midagi teha CAN võimet midagi olevikus või tulevikus teha. CAN'T- kui ollakse kindel millegi ebatõenäosuses COULD minevikus võime midagi teha COULD/MIGHT HAVE IIIpv- kui on võimalik et midagi toimus minevikus, aga selles ei olda päris kindel. SHOULD/OUGHT HAVE IIIpv- kui ollakse kindel et mingi sündmus on toimunud. Tahetakse väljendada et eeldatud sündmust tegelikult ei toimunud. SHOULD/ OUGHT NOT HAVE IIIpv- kõneleja arvates ei ole mingi sündmus toimunud. SHOULDN'T/ OUGHTN'T midagi tõenäoliselt ei ole õige või ei juhtu. SHOULD- soovitus, peaksid OUGHT TO- kui tahetakse öelda, et midagi tõenäoliselt on õig...
How does virtual communication influence our behaviour and relationships? Virtual world is growing closer to ours every day. It has its pros, as well as cons and the industry involved in it has grown most rapidly in the last 15 year. Therefore, does virtual communication influence us positively or negatively? Becoming virtual in the means of communication has changed our lives forever. Recent studies tell that about 75% of the people in North-America use the internet and from that 95% use email and other virtual communication software. This percentage has grown over 130% from the year 2000. I bring my examples on North-America because there is the highest percentage of Internet users in population. Talking of it, what is internet? Statistics say that it is porn, but I believe that people mostly use it for communication. But can it be bad? Along with the use of the Internet, obesity also has grown dramatically...
Space exploration should be a priority Since the beginning of time people have wondered about what's really hidden behind the clouds and what goes on there. Before people had the technology to study space, they tried to make sense of the universe with the help of religion. Luckily thanks to the great interest in the subject, the first manned spaceflight happened on April 12, 1961 by the Soviet Union, with cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin aboard. Travelling in space could become very important and useful for people on earth in case something happens to our planet. Many things could happen since humans are taking advantage of earth's natural resources like oil and building dangerous factories that produce toxic waste. With space travel we could find planets that have the material to replace our resources and maybe get rid of the toxic waste we no longer have room here. Besides that, a war could break out involving ...
The family was extremely excited that day. My parents had taken me to the mandir the previous day and my bag was packed with great care. I was to go to School for the first time in my life.I was six years old and I still remember the day I first went to school. My aunt came to drop me to my classroom and helped me to get familiar with my teacher and class. I hated the thought of being away from home for so many hours. Tears rolled down my checks as I got off the house and held my aunt’s hand.My aunt could sense my fear and tried to cheer me up . I fet a little better as I saw many other boys and girls entering the class where I had to go.my aunt left me in the classroom and drove to the house. I felt my heart sink as I saw go but I soon began to feel better.the times passed quickly and I started making new friends so I began loving the school. However even today, when I think of my first day at school 1 remember the fear that I had and ...
Princess Diana’s Time In The Royal Family - Charles’s Point of View 1980 July: I came to the decision that I need to get a wife. I’m getting older and I need someone to enhance my place in The Royal Family, so I’ve had my eye on Diana Frances Spencer, I think she’ll be the perfect wife, she will be in my shadow but she’s good with people and she is beautiful and that’s all that matters. 1981 January: Me and Diana have been serious for over 6 months now. The media is crazy about us, she’s getting quite popular as expected, but the spotlight is still on me. She has come with me to many family events. The Queen likes her and so does her mother. I like her very much and I will ask her to marry me and be The Princess of Wales. 1985 January: It’s been a few years since we got married, we’ve had two kids, Prince William and Prince Harry. Ever since we got married we’ve gotten so much attention, too much of it. Dian...
Introduction: Hi, I'm here to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of using legal English. How many of you have had to use/have had any interaction with legal English? Well, I, myself, apart from learning it in this class, have never, but many others have. Legal English dates back to thousands of years and it is an essential part of law. Lately, in some cases, legalese has been smoothly replaced with plain language and for some it is unacceptable. So, why use legal English when there is already plain language that can be used instead? Body 1: Firstly, we all like to follow traditions, right? So do most lawyers. You know Latin was and is important for English law, the practice of using Latin word versus in case names (for "against") still occurs daily. Why change something that has been used and appreciated for thousands of years? Law is known for it's conservatism and legalese might have maintained so well because many lawyers h...
Golden Grammar rules 1. Don't use an with own. Sue needs her own room. (NOT Sue needs an own room.) I'd like a phone line of my own. (NOT ... an own phone line.) 2. Use or rather to correct yourself. She's German or rather, Austrian. (NOT She's German or better, Austrian.) I'll see you on Friday or rather, Saturday. 3. Use the simple present play(s), rain(s) etc to talk about habits and repeated actions. I play tennis every Saturday. (NOT I am playing tennis every Saturday.) It usually rains a lot in November. 4. Use will ..., not the present, for offers and promises. I'll cook you supper this evening. (NOT I cook you supper this evening.) I promise I'll phone you tomorrow. (NOT I promise I phone you tomorrow.) 5. Don't drop prepositions with passive verbs. I don't like to be shouted at. (NOT I don't like to be shouted.) This needs to be thought about some more. (NOT This needs to be thought some more.) 6. Don'...
Dear Cathrine ! Thank you for your last letter, it was really nice to read about your trip to Italy. For me things are not so good. I have been ill for two weeks already and I decided to tell you about the problem. Maybe you can help me. About two weeks ago when I was at my friends birthday party I suddenly felt really bad. My stomach began to ache and i felt really dizzy also. So i decided to sit down and rest a bit. But that didn´t help. i felt even worse. So i went home. At home I measured my temperature and it was really high, so my mom sent me straight to bed. At first we thought that it was not anything serious, but when two days had gone by and the temperature had not gone down, my mom began to worry about me. So we drove to the hospital, as the doctor was not able to come to our home. In the hospital , doctor examined me and he told us that i had a really bad flu. And that i should not get out of the b...
Advantages and disadvantages of living in a big city Living in a big city has allways had its good and bad sides. While living in a big city means that there are lots of noise and less fresh air, it is full of entertainment nearby. Firstly, living in a big city means that there are much more shops, cinemas, theatres and nightclubs. People have as much entertainment as they need or want. At the day you can go shoping and at the night the city never sleeps, people can go to the nightclubs to have fun all night long. Furthermore, living in a big city means that people have a better possibility to travel all around the world. There are many of different kinds of traveling agencys, where people can order trips allmoust all around the globe. And usually around the bigger citys the airports are nearby, which meanes that the traveling has made as easy as it can be. However, living in a big city has some disadvantages. To start with, ...
MY HOBBY My hobby is roller-skating. I roller-skate whenever I can cause roller-skating is my favorite hobby. This hobby got started when I was a little boy. I had always wanted my parents to teach me how to ride with roller-skates. Soon they got fed up and tired of my bagging to get some roller-skates. So they bought me a pair of roller-skates. So as soon as I could, I learned to roller-skate. I started with just standing still with them. Soon I could roller-skate across the street. Now I roller-skate just about everywhere where it's possible. The wonderful thing about roller-skating is that I do not have to buy a bus ticket. For example, I do not have to be in traffic congestion. Also I do not have to buy some lamellae tires to drive in winter because I can ride a bus in winter. I can ride in some indoor skating park at winter. Roller-skates provide the rider with so much information about balancing a...
Comparison. Jan Guillous' " Evil". "Evil" is based on a 1981 autobiographical novel by Jan Guillou. It is about a boy called Erik Ponti who had always had violence in his life. Whether he was beat by his father or was he the one being violent to others. After problems in school, his mother decides to send him to a private school, and in order to do so, she had to sell some of her precious items. Erik understand that the private school called Stjärnsberg is his last change to get a good education and he wants to stop being violent. He goes to Stjärnsbergwith great hope and at first, its seems that he could do really well. But after a while he understand, that the school is probably the worst place where to be, when you want a peaceful life. The teachers look the other way as the older students are very brutal to younger, creating a hierarchical society based on class and age. The film was made in 2003 and dire...
Comparison of P. B. Shelley's and W. Wordsworth's "To a Skylark" Poems The Skylark is a bird whose singing is very melodical. It is an inspiration to many poets, two of them being P. B. Shelley and W. Wordsworth. The Skylark is a common nature metaphor for pure poetic expression. Shelly Shelley's poem is all about praising the birds singing and how the lark can create such beautiful songs unintentionally. For the bird, singing is effortless and comes out naturally. Still the creation is harmonic and spreads joy. The poem starts with Shelly calling the bird a "blithe spirit" and expressing his admiration of how the song comes from the bird's heart without any effort. "Bird thou never wert-/ That from heaven or near it" gives the mental image that Shelly doesn't actually see the bird but only hears it. Thus the bird doesn't exist for him as a real thing but rather as something supernatural, like a ghost sending its melody while stayin...
Kiek in de Kök is an old German language nickname for towers, mainly those that formed parts of town fortifications. They gained the name from the ability of tower occupants to see into kitchens of nearby houses. Due to the history of the Hanseatic League and the Teutonic Order, also towers far outside modern Germany bear this name, like in Gdask and Tallinn. The tower in Tallinn is an artillery tower built in 1475.The walls are 4 m thick but the tower was then lower than today. The waterproof upper floor made of cobblestones was open and had 22 embrasures in its parapet. The parapet must have been covered by some kind of a roof but the middle part of the floor was uncovered to get the mortars and catapults in place better. Compared to the other Tallinn towers Kiek in de Kök was predominant in its fire power, due to its 27 embrasures for cannons and 30 for handguns. The ground floor was a storage floor and there was also the initial ent...
Review Oliver Twist Recently, when an English troupe came to Estonia to play Oliver Twist, we were lucky enough to go see it at the Salme Centre.The play was based on the book Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens. They performed it in English, ofcourse, but what makes the play more interesting, is that it was in Old English. Thanks to the language, it took us back in time where the story takes place. It was hard to focus on the play, because of a girl who was sitting in the last row. She was laughing at all times, although the play had only a few humorous lines worth laughing. If you go to a theatre and you find the play boring, sit quietly and have some respect for other people. I really don't like plays where they cut down on the number of actors. Every actor should have only one role, so that they don't get their lines mixed and to really live into their character. Fortunately the performances were r...
Pandemic This year has come differently, everyone is really anxious and waiting for all of this to be over. I would even say that the whole year has had everyone on their toes, but I am trying to keep a positive mindset, there can always be worse. Sometimes I think people overdo it because Estonia doesn’t have it so bad, but better be safe than sorry. Studying at home is quite difficult for me, I don’t think it’s necessarily because of the pandemic, I’d say it’s more of a personal struggle. But when I have the motivation and or the goal in mind then I don’t think there is a more self-disciplined person than me. Most people probably enjoy studying from home because they can wake up when they want to, wear what they want to, eat what they want to and so on. But for me it just ruins my routines and boundaries therefore I get lazy and I start to slack off. Also I don’t like bringing “work” home becau...
Chapters 1–5: Black Beauty spent his young life with his mother on Farmer Grey’s farm. Farmer Grey was a good, kind man and the horses had a good life. His mother told him that not all people were good and she gave him some advice: ‘Always be good so people will love you. Always work hard and do your best’. Black Beauty tried to follow this advice all his life. First, he went to live at Birtwick Park with Mr Gordon and his family, who treated their horses well. He became friends with two other horses, Merrylegs and Ginger. He was cared for by a groom called John Manly, who never used a whip. His wife gave him the name of Black Beauty. He learnt to carry a rider and pull a carriage. Chapters 6 – 8: The stable boy, James, got a better job with a nearby farmer so he was trained by the head groom. One day, when he drove the carriage led by Black Beauty, they nearly had an accident. Thanks to the clever horse, they avoided a broken bridge an...
James Watt James Watt was born in Greenock on January 19 in 1736, the son of a ship's chandler. He worked in his father's shop and he developed an interest in trying to make things "work like clockwork". In his late teens he went to London to learn to be a "mathematical and philosophical instrument maker", and when he returned to Glasgow he got a job making instruments with Glasgow University, who gave him a place where to live and a workshop. In 1763 John Andreson asked him to repair an early steam engine he had bought. This early model, known as a Newcomen engine, was very unefective. The cylinder (where the piston was) had to be heated when steam was admitted, and then cooled again to condense the steam. This wasted a lot of time and fuel. Two years later, while walking through Glasgow Green, Watt hit upon the idea of condensing the steam in a separate place. This ...
WHAT IT TAKE FOR MARGARET THATCHER TO BECOME THE PRIME MINISTER It is a rather big achievement for a woman to become the prime minister. Back these days it was even inadmissible to believe in it. She was the only woman in the Parlament at that time. Her father was a pole model and inspiration for her ever since she was a young girl. When she saw her father giving powerful and confident speeches, it motivated her to become as looked up as her father was as a political figure. What gave her a push into politics was wish to make a change in the world, Not to become someone, but to change something that would matter. She was wise and clever enough to do so. What drove her most was her remarkably strong will to stand for her beliefs, disregarding what others said or believed to be better. She strongly believed in her decisions and never backed downs on a decision what she had made. Her terrible stubbornness is probably why she was such a s...
Present tenses : 1) Present simple regular actions and routines especially with frequency(kordumine ) adverbs(määrsõna) N: Do you go to school by car every day ? I don't often watch TV. 2)Present continuousbe + verb + ing. Actions happening now N; Look! It's snowing. I'm meeting Jane tonight. You're always losing things. 3)keep + ingto describe habitual actions which may be irritating. N: my uncle keeps making silly jokes. Present perfect: 1) Present perfect simple: have/has + past participle. N: I've been here for ten minutes .The phone has rung ten times today. Look at this cheque,'I've won first prize. They have made a new star wars film. I've just got home. How long have you been here ? Have you ever been to Paris? It's the best book I've ever read. It's the first time I have ever been abroad. 2)Present perfect continious : have/has + been + ing. N:I'v...
Inglise keele KT Unit 6 1.Translate (tõlgi) 1) Ma söön tavaliselt lõunaks prae ja magustoidu. I usually have a main dish and a dessert for lunch. 2) Ettekandja tõi meile menüü. The waiter brought us the menu. 3) Praetud munad, viil röstsaia ja tass teed, palun. Fried eggs, a slice of toast and a cup of tea, please. 4) Me tellisime kala friikartulitega ja õunavormi. We ordered fish and chips and apple pie. 5) Kas sulle meeldib kartulipüree? Do you like mashed potatoes? 6) Millestki koosnema. consist of something 2. Complete the text. (lõpeta tekst). A lot of , any , anything , some , something Jack realised he needed something to get Jill out of the car. They didn't have any time to lose. He knew he didn't have anything in his caravan to break the window. ,,We've had a lot of great moments together," he thought. At first he couldn't see anything in the darkness but after some time...
Kordamine inglise keele eksamiks II 1.1 Fill in the missing prepositions where necessary. 1) Mary sat ..... the window and read ..... interesting book. 2) Su was cooking ..... the garden. 3) Alice went ..... see Mr Thompson. 4) While waiting ..... the hospital, one nurse offered us ..... coffee. 5) Keith smiled ..... his idea it was total nonsense. 6) She looked ..... Charlie searching ..... something more than nothingness that echoed ..... his dark eyes. 7) It was too dark we could see nothing as we crossed .... field. 8) A kitten was playing ..... the tree. 9) She was knitting ..... total silence. 10) She jumped ..... the wooden table and walked slowly ..... the room. 11) After he had bent and taken a glance of the darkness, Tom whispered ..... Mark that no one was there; the thieves had escaped. 12) Sheila stood still as the wind was blowing ..... her silky hair in a pleasant way. ...
Dear listeners, From young age, people are taught that friendship is very important and you have to look after your mates. But people understand it differently. Some make good friends with everyone, but others find one true friend to be nice with. Is this one friend then better than thousands? My best friends were left in kindergarten. The four of us were invincible. We did everything together and we were enough for each other we didn't let other children to our games. In games as well as in learning, I had 3 great supporters and everything was easy and fun with them. Everyone grows up, so did I and my buddies. Unfortunately we grew apart, because it is hard to meet between all the schoolwork and hobbies. Few appointments at primary school are completely gone now and all of us have found new friends. I didn't find really great friends from my class until about third grade. I went dancing with two classmates and I was conn...
Old English ( 450-1100 AD) The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100. Middle English (1100-1500) In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy invaded England. The new conquerors brought with them a kind of French and there was a period where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. Modern English Early Modern English (1500-1800) Towards the end of Middle English the change in pronunciation started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact with many peoples from around the world and many new words and phras...
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