Prehistory, Saxon invasion and Celtic Kingdoms
They were kept out of
England by Offa's Dyke a wall built in 779AD The Welsh called themselves cymry. The cymry could
only live in the valleys, because the other part of the land was too mountainous. Society was based on
small family groupings which were ruled by a strong leader who later made themselves kings who also
ruled the neighbouring family groupings. Life was hard and dangerous. Dying of old age was rare.
Slavery was common. In 1039 Gruffydd Llewelyn was the first king powerful enough to rule the whole
Wales.
Ireland Ireland was never invaded by the Romans or the AngloSaxons. It was a land of
monasteries and flourishing Celtic culture. Just like in Wales, people were known by their family
groupings. Outside the tribe they had no name or protection. The Kings were chosen by election. The
country was divided into 5 kingdoms Ulster, Munster, Leinster, Connaught and Tara. Christianity
came to Ireland in 430AD
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