Future tenses Present Simple I pv. (Timetables) My bus leaves at 6 am. We are leaving at 6 tomorrow (Present continuous) Present Continuous Tegija + am, is, are + ing I am learning. Kindel tulevikuplaan Be going to 1. Kindlate tõendite põhjal tehtav tulevikuennustus Look at the clouds, its going to rain soon. 2. Tulevikuplaanid (mittekindel) Future Simple Will + I pv. · Tuleviku ennustused, mida tehakse arvamuste põhjal. · Hetkeotsused · Lubadused, ähvardused, pakkumised, palved etc. I will never speak to you again · Tegevused, mis toimuvad meie tahtest sõltumata. She will have a baby in June. Future Continuous Will be + ing Next year I will be graduating from school.' Future Perfect Will have +III pv. I will have eaten my dinner. · Tegevuste puhul, mis saavad olema lõpetatud, mingiks teatud ajaks. Future Perfect Continuous Will have been + ing · Due to - · Be about to -
FUTURE TENSES FUTURE SIMPLE (WILL/SHALL) Form: will/shall + algvorm USE: 1)Predicting a future happening or situations 2)Shalll can be used with i and we 3)Descisions to do smthing at the time of speakin (offering to o / agreeing to do smthing/ promising to do smth) Negative: I can see you' re busy, so I WON't BE GOING TO Form: am/is/are going to + algvorm Use: 1) Descisions to do smthing, intentions. I'm going to buy a new car 2) Predictions about the future, which are based on the situation now. PRESENT SIMPLE ( I do) WITH A FUTURE MEANING Use: 1)Talking about timetables, programmes: My train leaves at 11.30. 2) Talking about people if their plans are fixed like a timetable. PRESENT CONTINUOUS (I am doing) WITH A FUTURE MEANING Use: 1)Talking about descisions and arrangements (sbdy has decied and arranged to do smthing). He is playing squash on Monday afternoon 2) You can use present contiuous for an action just before you b...
Future Tenses Will-future and going to-future Andrea Terasväli Future forms Will-future Going to- Simple Present Future Future future presen progressi progressi perfect t ve ve • • Planned Future Planned Action Sth. Will Prediction, action in action action in will already assumptio the future is fixed the near definitely have n (assur future happen happene • logical ed/de (it d before • conseque ffinite) usually a certain spontaneo nce (sth. happens) time in us action Is goint to the happen) future Form Will-future Goi...
Will+lihtolevik (help,come jne) kindle tegevus If you help me I will help you You won’t pass your exam if you don’t start working harder I’m,are,is+ing (plaanid, kokkulepitud kohtumised) I’m playing football tomorrow. We are having a party tomorrow Lihtolevik (kindel aeg, kuupäev jne) The holidays start next week The train arrives at 6 in the morning (Be) going to (plaanid, kokkulepitud kohtumised, midagi võib juhtuda) I’m going to drive to work today I think its going to rain. Will be+ing (tegevus mis juhtub täpselt samal ajal nt nädala pärast) (tegevus mis on rutiinne) This time next week I will be sun –bathing. You will be seeing John in the office tomorrow, wont you? Will have+3 vorm (nähes ennast tulevikus ja vaadates tagasi lõpetatud tegevusele) ps: tavaliselt lause ees on month, year, week jne A month from now he will have finished all his exams. I...
FUTURE TENSES: WILL / GOING TO I will travel to Japan next year decision I am going to study German at school plan WILL/GOING TO The Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings as mentioned before. I will probably go to Italy next Summer I am going to fly to Italy next Saturday Future Tense: Will Form Affirmative: I will travel to Madrid in October Interrogative : Will you travel by bus? Negative : I will not travel - won't Will you travel by train or by bus? I won't travel by bus I will probably travel by train Future Tense: Uses of ...
Get/ Have something TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE WHEN? done Present Simple Am/is/are + Every day, year, often, I pv + do/does Have/ get + sth+ III pv Lihtolevik III pv usually, always Past Simple Yesterday, last year, II pv(-ed)+ did Was/ were + III pv Had/got + sth + III pv Lihtminevik ...
PRESENT PAST TENSES FUTURE TENSES TENSES minevik tulevik olevik Present Simple Past Simple Future Simple lihtolevik Lihtminevik Lihttulevik I You + I põhivorm + II pv We ? , - Do + I pv. ?, - Did + I pv Will + I põhivorm They He + I põhivorm + S Tegevus tulevikus, mis ei She ?,- Does + I pv Lõpetatud tegevus ole ettekavatsetud It (yesterday, last week) (tomorrow, next week, next year) Korduv tegevus, faktid (always, often, usually, every day, normally) Present Continuous Past Continuous GOING-TO Future Kestev olevik Kestev minevik ...
ACTIVE TENSES Active form You use an active verb when you want to say that the subject of a sentence does something. · [Thing doing action] + [verb] + · +[thing receiving action] · Examples The professor (subject doing action) teaches (verb) · the students (object receiving action). · Mary (subject doing action) · washes (verb) · the dishes ( object receiving action). The tenses of the verb 1.Present (olevik) 2.Past (minevik) 3.Future (tulevik) 4.Future in the past (kaudne tulevik) Iga aeg võib esineda neljas eri rühmas 1.IndefiniteTenses (üldajad) 2.Continious Tenses (kestvad ajad) 3.Perfect Tenses (perfekti ajad) 4.Perfect Continious Tenses (perfekti kestvad ajad) Indefinite Tenses (üldajad) used to describe actions but do not state whether the action is completed or on- going märgivad tegevuse sooritamise fakti Peter visits us every day. Peter visited ...
English tenses – worksheet / test http://first-english.org Name: …......................................... class: …............... date: …......................... Put the verb into the right tenses: Solution sheet simple present + : We talk to our parents. simple present - (negative): We don't talk to our parents. simple present ? (question): Do we talk to our parents? present perfect + : We have talked to our parents. present perfect - (negative): We haven't talked to our parents. present perfect ? (question): Have we talked to our parents? simple past + : We talked to our parents. simple past - (negative) : We didn't talk to our paren...
Conditionals (...) Conditionals (...) If I were you, I would apologise. If I were you, I would apologise. I would apologise if I were you. I would apologise if I were you. There are 4 types of conditionals: 0,1,2,3 There are 4 types of conditionals: 0,1,2,3 Type 0. Type 0. If + Present Simple (V1(s/es)), ____ Present Simple (V1(s/es)) If + Present Simple (V1(s/es)), ____ Present Simple (V1(s/es)) · General truths, scientific facts · General truths, scientific facts Ex: If you heat water, it boils. Ex: If you heat water, it boils. Type 1. ...
Verbs! Verb forms Review of tenses Chapter 12, Pg 215 1 Timeline Draw a timeline of your life. List 810 events on the time line. Make sure you list your future graduation date! Moved to Cali 2005 Was Born Traveled to Europe Husband 1978 School graduates @ Oxford 1999 Started Got married School 1983 2008 2 The Six English Verb Tenses Three Simple Tenses Simple continuous Present You walk. You are walking I run. I am running. Past You Walked You w...
PASSIVE VOICE Active: S + V + O Passive: S + Be + PP(V3ed) + by + O (tense) EX: My father planted this tree last year. This tree was planted by my father last year. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Simple Present Tense Active: S + V(s/es) + O Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O EX: He reads books every day. Books are read (by him) every day. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Present Continuous Tense Active: S + am/is/are + Ving + O Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O EX: He is writing a novel at the moment. A novel is being written (by him) at the moment. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Present Perfect Tense Active: S + Has/Have + V3ed + O Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by + O EX: He has just finished a novel. A novel has just been finished (by him). TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES ...
Present tenses : 1) Present simple regular actions and routines especially with frequency(kordumine ) adverbs(määrsõna) N: Do you go to school by car every day ? I don't often watch TV. 2)Present continuousbe + verb + ing. Actions happening now N; Look! It's snowing. I'm meeting Jane tonight. You're always losing things. 3)keep + ingto describe habitual actions which may be irritating. N: my uncle keeps making silly jokes. Present perfect: 1) Present perfect simple: have/has + past participle. N: I've been here for ten minutes .The phone has rung ten times today. Look at this cheque,'I've won first prize. They have made a new star wars film. I've just got home. How long have you been here ? Have you ever been to Paris? It's the best book I've ever read. It's the first time I have ever been abroad. 2)Present perfect continious : have/has + been + ing. N:I'v...
The Passive Voice Table of Contents The Passive Voice................................................................................. 2 Tenses in the Passive Voice ................................................................ 2 Modal Verbs and Future in the Passive Voice ................................. 3 The Passive with ’get/have’ ................................................................ 4 When to use the Passive ..................................................................... 5 Verbs with two objects ........................................................................ 5 The Passive with ’by/with’ .................................................................. 6 Talking about what other people say ................................................ 6 The Passive Voice The subject is the starting point of the sentence, the thing we are talking...
THE TENSES AJAVORMID JA NENDE KASUTAMINE AJAVORMI NIMETUS MOODUSTAMINE KASUTAMINE; SAGEDAMINI ESINEVAD AJAMÄÄRUSED THE PRESENT SIMPLE I pv. (+ s); do/does + I pv. Tegevus toimub korduvalt, on harjumuspärane. püsiv olukord, ajagraafikutega seotud tulevik Lihtolevik live, goes every day, usually, often, sometimes, always THE PAST SIMPLE II pv.; did + I pv. Tegevus toimub minevikus. Lihtminevik lived, went yesterday, last week two years ago, in 1998 THE FUTURE SIMPLE be going to/ will + I pv. Tegevus toimub tulevikus. Lihttulevik will go/ won´t tomorrow, next week, soon, later, in 2012 TH...
Present Simple and Continuous Table of Contents Present Simple ..................................................................... 2 The spelling of endings in the Present Simple ....................... 2 When to use the Present Simple ........................................... 3 The verb 'be' ......................................................................... 4 Present Continuous.............................................................. 5 The spelling of endings in the Present Continuous................ 5 When to use the Present Continuous.................................... 6 State verbs and event (action or dynamic) verbs ................... 7 Present Simple In the Present Simple we use the verb without an ending. I work you live we think they dance NB! In the third person singular (he, she, it, Mary, my friend, etc....
English Grammar - The most common tenses in English Signal Example Tense Use Form words s something happens repeatedly how often something happens every one action day follows sometim another es I work always infinitive Present things in he/she/it he works often Simple general + s I go usually he goes seldom ...
ENGLISH GRAMMAR KAS SA TEADSID? Inglise keele grammatika peegeldab seda keelt kõnelevate rahvaste ajalugu ja olemust! Kuningriigis on olulisel kohal olnud viisakus ja kombed. Ülikud ei saa hakkama teenijateta (abitegusõnad)! Ülikud on kõikjal tuntud oma kitsiduse poolest (mitte midagi ei ole topelt, e.g. ei mingit topelt eitust)! Pikk ajalugu on lihvinud keelt ja tulemuseks on lihtne loogika ja käändelõppude puudumine! Mitmekesine ajalugu on aidanud kaasa eri päritolu sõnavarale ning ka hääldusmuredele. Väidetavalt on üle poole inglise keele sõnavarast mitte anglo- saksi päritolu, ehk siis laenatud – kontrolli hoolega, kas ‘sympathy’ ikka tähendab ‘sümpaatiat! kaastunne Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 Tenses – Tegusõna ajad • Olevik (Present) • Minevik (Past) • Tulevik (Future) • Kaudne tulevik (Future-in-the-Past) ...
TENSES (Table) Past Simple Present Simple Future Simple Tegusõna 2. pv Tegusõna 1. pv Tegusõna on esitatud kujul [NB! He/She/It _____(e)s] Küsimuse/eituse will + 1. pv moodustamiseks kasut. Küsimuse/eituse did + 1. pv moodustamiseks kasut. Eituste moodustamisel do / does + 1. pv will not = won't Tunnused lauses: Lihtminevik. Keegi tegi Tunnused lauses: Tunnused lauses: midagi. Jutt käib tavalisest, Lihttulevik. Ennustused. yesterday, last harjumuspärasest Lubadused. Hetkeotsused (summer), (five years) tegevusest. (rääkimise hetkel ago, in 1987, etc. always, sometimes, sündivad). usually, often, e...
English Grammar - The most common tenses in English Tense Signal words Use Estonian Form Examples · something happens repeatedly *korduv tegevus every day · how often something happens *püsiv olukord sometimes, *tulevikus · one action follows another I work Present twice a week toimuv, seotud · things in general infinitive he works Simple always, often sõiduplaanidega · after the following verbs (to love, ...
PRESENT CONTINUOUS Klaarika Kaljula 9a Use 1.Present actions 2.Temporary actions 3.Longer actions in progress 4.Future (personal) arrangements and plans 5.Trends 6.Irritation 1.Present Actions Happening at the moment of speaking Most often, we use the Present Continuous tense to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking. Ex. He is eating a dinner. Mary is talking with her friends. They are swimming in the pool. Stative Verbs There is a certain group of verbs that usually does not appear in the Continuous form. They are called Stative Verbs, and if used in the Continuous form, they have a different meaning. Ex. I think you look pretty today. Meaning: Opinion I'm thinking of moving to San Francisco. Meaning: Act of thinking 2.Temporary Actions Activities continuing only for a limited period of time This tense is also used fo...
7. Verb: The principal forms of the verbs: Verbil on 4 põhivormi: Regular verb Irregular verb 1. the base form Talk Speak üldoleviku tüvivorm 2. the past form/ -ed form Talked Spoke üldmineviku vorm 3. the past participle (-ed Talked Spoken participle) mineviku kesksõna 4. the present participle (- Talking Speaking ing participle) oleviku kesksõna The tenses: Expressing the future: Simple Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Present Base Have / has + to be + base+ ing has/ have been +s + pariticiple base+ -ing He drinks tea at ...
Affirmative tense Use Signal Words /Negative/Question · always · action in the present taking place Simple Present A: He speaks. · every ... once, never or several times N: He does not speak. tegevus, mis toimub ühe korra, mitte · never Lihtolevik Q: Does he speak? · normally kunagi või mitu korda · ...
Future Forms Future Forms · 1) Future Simple will work · 2) Be going to am/is/are going to work · 3) Present Continuous am/is/are working · 4) Present Simple start(s) Future Forms · 5) Future Continuous will be working · 6) Future Perfect will have worked · 7) Future Perfect Continuous will have been working Future Simple · We do our morning exercises and think, "I think we will have a nice day " · Prediction (ennustused kõhutunde põhjal) · verbs think, believe, guess, expect, hope etc · expressions be sure, be afraid etc · adverbs probably, perhaps, certainly Future Simple · You see your little brother carrying a very heavy suitcase and you think, "I will help him carry the suitcase." · on-the-spot decision (hetkeotsused) Future Simple "Will you help me if I forget my moves?" "Don't worry! I will ta...
Tenses 27. jaanuar 2012. a. 9:24 SIMPLE CONTINUOUS -ing PERFEFCT PERFECT on alati sees! CONTINUOUS PRESEN I work in school. I am working in I have worked in I have been working T loodusseadused school. school. in school for/since 5 pidev korduv lähituleviku plaanid Surnute kohta EI SAA years. tegevus(hommiku ÖELDA! siiamaani kestab kohvi) aja-graafikud PAST I worked in I was working in the I had worked in school. I had been working. school. school. fakt on tähtis (for since) finito aeg(see et ta aeg on lõpetada ...
Reported Speech (in other words Indirect Speech) If we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker's exact words (direct speech), but reported (indirect) speech. Therefore, you need to learn how to transform direct speech into reported speech. We use reported speech when we are saying what other people say, think or believe. - Example: If this verb is in the present tense (says), it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence. When we are reporting things in the present, future or present perfect we don't change the tense. : direct speech: "I like ice cream" reported speech: She says she likes ice cream - But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense (said), then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech: direct speech: "I like ice cream" reported speech: She said she liked ice cream. ......... · When there are Changing tenses: present changes to past:::: am/is --- was are -...
Present Simple · Korduv, regulaarne tegevus: I WORK every day / each Monday / only on Wednesdays. · Üldine, tavapärane tegevus; loodusseadused / füüsika etc. reeglid: I usually DO NOT WORK in summer. She DOES NOT WORK at night. Magnet ATTRACTS iron. · !!! Spordikommentarid: ... and now he PASSES the ball ... and off he GOES towards the goal... · 1pv (+s/es Å he/she/it); ? DO(ES)+ 1pv ; - DO(ES) not + 1pv Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Progressive · Hetkel toimuv, pooleliolev tegevus: S/he IS TALKing on the phone now. I AM READing an interesting book. · Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they ARE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They'RE GROWing tomatoes instead. · !!! Halvakspanu väljendus harjumuspärase tegevuse kohta: He IS always COMPLAINing! · BE (am/is/are) + 1pv-ing Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 ...
Ways of expressing the Future Table of Contents Future Simple ...................................................................... 2 Be going to ........................................................................... 3 Present Continuous .............................................................. 3 Present Simple ..................................................................... 4 Future Continuous ............................................................... 4 Future Perfect....................................................................... 6 Other ways of referring to the future ..................................... 7 Other future references......................................................... 8 Future Simple In Future Simple we use the modal verb will + the verb. It is the same in all persons. I will work I’ll work ...
Types of Verbs Group I Normal Verbs Most verbs are "Normal Verbs." These verbs are usually physical actions which you can see somebody doing. These verbs can be used in all tenses. Normal Verbs to run, to walk, to eat, to fly, to go, to say, to touch, etc. Examples: · I eat dinner every day. · I am eating dinner now. Group II Non-Continuous Verbs The second group, called "Non-Continuous Verbs," is smaller. These verbs are usually things you cannot see somebody doing. These verbs are rarely used in continuous tenses. They include: Abstract Verbs to be, to want, to cost, to seem, to need, to care, to contain, to owe, to exist... Possession Verbs to possess, to own, to belong... Emotion Verbs to like, to love, to hate, to dislike, to fear, to envy, to mind... Examples: · He is needing help now. Not Correct · He needs help now. Correct · He is wanting a drink now. Not Correct ...
· DIRECT · INDIRECT · Am, is, are · Was/were · Shall/will · Should/would · Can · Could · May · Might · Must · Have/has to · Ought to · Had to CHANGES OF ADVERB OF TIME & PLACE · DIRECT · INDIRECT · NOW · THEN · TOMORROW · THE FOLLOWING DAY · NEXT WEEK · THE FOLLOWING WEEK · TONIGHT · THAT NIGHT · TODAY · THAT DAY · YESTERDAY · THE DAY BEFORE · LAST NIGHT · THE NIGHT BEFORE · LAST WEEK · THE WEEK BEFORE · HERE · THERE · THIS · THAT · THESE · THOSE CHANGES OF TENSES · DIRECT · INDIRECT · SIMPLE PRESENT · SIMPLE PAST · SIMPLE PAST · PAST PERFECT · PRESENT PERFECT · PAST PERFECT · PRESENT · PAST CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS · PAST PERFECT ...
englisch-hilfen.de LEARNING ENGLISH ONLINE Examples Examples Examples Tense Signal words Use Form affirmative negative interrogative every day something happens repeatedly sometimes how often something happens always I work. I don't work. Do I work? one action follows another often Infinitive He works. He doesn't work. Does he work? Sim...
Reported speech is often also called indirect speech. When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too. For example: "I'm going to the cinema". He said he was going to the cinema. Basic tense chart The tenses generally move backwards in this way (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right): present simple past simple I'm a teacher. He said he was a teacher past continuous. present continuous He said he was having lunch with his I'm having lunch with my parents. parents. p...
Tenses Present Simple When? Every day, every morning, always, often, sometimes, usually. Affirmative Negative I/You know this song. I/You do not know this song. He/She/It knows this song. He/She/It does not know this song. We/You/They know this song. We/You/They do not know this song. Interrogative Do I/You know this song? Näited Does He/She/It know this song? Do I listen these songs every day? Do We/You/They know this song? Sometimes I listen these songs. Present Continuous When? Now, at the present moment. Affirmative Negative I am reading. I am not reading. You are reading. You are not reading. He/She/It is reading. He/She/It is ...
FORM 8 REVISION UNITS 1-5 GRAMMAR 1) ´S- lõpuline omastav reeglid on TV lk 30 Exercise 1. 1) George has a new car. It is ........................ 2) Ken and Chris have a friend. This boy is...................... 3) Her children have a dog. It´s.......................... 4) These newspapers were published yesterday. This is .................. 5) His parents own this house. This is...................... 6) Ted and Nancy have a son whose name is Fred. Fred is ............... 7) The key belongs to my sister. It´s....................... 8) These skis belong to Uncle Thomas. They are....................... 9) This camera belongs to her parents. It´s.................. Answers: 1) George´s car 2) Ken and Chris`s friend 3) her children´s dog 4) yesterday´s newspaper 5) his parents´ house 6) Ted and Nancy´s son 7) my sister´s key 8) Uncle Thomas´s skis 9) her parents´ camera 2) NUMBER + NOUN ADJECTIVES Numbr...
TENSES. ACTIVE VOICE. 1. Present Simple (üldolevik) I (he, she, it s) he works Eitav,küsiv do (I, you, we, they) he does not work does (he, she, it) does he work? Verbidele, mis lõpevad infinitiivis ss, -sh, -ch, -x või o, lisatakse ainsuse 3. pöördes es he touches, she goes Verbidel, mis lõpevad y-ga, mille ees on konsonant, muutub y->ies carry - he carries Vrdl: play he plays 1. Harjumuspärane, korduv tegevus või seisund olevikus. Tom drinks tea every day. He lives in Brussels. 2. Üldtuntud tõed, loodusseadused The earth goes round the sun. 3. Tulevikus toimuv tegevus a) Sõiduplaanid, planeeritud programmid. The train for Tallinn leaves at 10. The course begins on Monday. ...
UNIT 4 4.1 Like and as Kasutame like, et öelda, et asjad on sarnased. He looks like his father. Ametlikumas vormis kasutame as, et öelda, et asjad on sarnased (esineb enne alust) The exam starts at 9.30 as I have already said. Kasutame as, et rääkida ametitest ja töödest, mida inimesed teevad She works as a teacher in a primary school. Kasutame as, kui me viitame informatsioonile, mida nii rääkija kui kuulaja juba teavad As you know, I'm starting a new job next month. 4.2 Narrative tenses 4.2a Lihtminevik Kasutame: et rääkida sündmustest minevikus, mis on nüüdseks lõppenud I went to the zoo last weekend. et rääkida mineviku situatsioonidest I lived next door to my best friend. kaudses kõnes 4.2b Kestev minevik Kasutame: et rääkida asjades, mis on minevikus kestvad. They were walking along the bank of a river. et rääkida sündm...
We can report people's words by using direct speech or direct speech reported speech. speech `I'm tired!', Helen said. Helen said (that) she was tired. The main verb of the sentence is usually past ( Tom said that... / I told her that...) and the rest of the sentence is usually past too. Sequence of tenses if the verb in the main sentence is in the past tense the other verbs are usually in one of the past tense too. Present Simple Past Simple I'm a teacher. He said (that) he was a teacher Present Progressive Past Progressive I'm having lunch with my He said (that) he was having parents. lunch with his parents. Past Simple Past Perfect He said (that) he had bought a I bought a new car. new car. Future Simple ...
MODULE 1 Greeting. Introducing oneself and the others. The alphabet. Spelling. The tenses. How to introduce yourself and others Formal introductions How to respond and reply to an May I introduce myself? I am John introduction Smith. How do you do. Allow me to introduce John Smith to Pleased to meet you. you. Standard introduction Nice to meet you. I'd like you to meet John Smith. Hello. I want you to meet John Smith. I'm so pleased to meet you. This is Jane Smith. I'm Jane Smith. My name's John Smith. Informal introduction Hi. John. Jane. Hello. Titles: Mr Mrs Miss Ms Ms is a modern form of address for women. It replaces the traditional forms of Mrs and Miss. Greetings Good morning/afternoon/evening...
Golden Grammar rules 1. Don't use an with own. Sue needs her own room. (NOT Sue needs an own room.) I'd like a phone line of my own. (NOT ... an own phone line.) 2. Use or rather to correct yourself. She's German or rather, Austrian. (NOT She's German or better, Austrian.) I'll see you on Friday or rather, Saturday. 3. Use the simple present play(s), rain(s) etc to talk about habits and repeated actions. I play tennis every Saturday. (NOT I am playing tennis every Saturday.) It usually rains a lot in November. 4. Use will ..., not the present, for offers and promises. I'll cook you supper this evening. (NOT I cook you supper this evening.) I promise I'll phone you tomorrow. (NOT I promise I phone you tomorrow.) 5. Don't drop prepositions with passive verbs. I don't like to be shouted at. (NOT I don't like to be shouted.) This needs to be thought about some more. (NOT This needs to be thought some more.) 6. Don'...
1. Basic Phrases ¡Buenos días! ¡Buenas tardes! ¡Buenas noches! bway-nohs dee-ahs bway-nahs tard-ays bway-nahs noh-chays Hello! / Good morning! Good afternoon! Good evening! / Good night! ¡Hola! / ¡Chao! Adiós. Por favor. oh-lah / chow ah-dee-ohs por fah-bor Hi! / Bye! Good bye. Please. Hasta la vista / Hasta luego. Hasta pronto. Hasta mañana. ah-stah lah vees-tah / ah-stah ah-stah prohn-toh ah-stah mahn-yahn-ah loo-ay-go See you soon. See you tomorrow. See you / See you later. (Muchas) Gracias. De nada. Bienvenidos (moo-chah...
1. Be ready to explain the terms (lecture 1): language, linguistics, synchronic approach to language, diachronic approach to language, linguistic competence, linguistic performance, what is grammar?, prescriptive grammar vs. descriptive grammar; phonology, phonetics, phone, allophone, phoneme; morphology, morphemes (types of morphemes), morphs, allomorphs, types of affixes, derivational affixes, inflectional affixes; open vs closed class words; syntax. Language: a systematic, conventional use of sounds, signs or written symbols in a human society for communication and self-expression. - human language at all levels is rule- or principle-governed. Linguistics: the scientific study of human natural language Synchronic approach to language: Diachronic approach to language: Linguistic competence: Linguistic performance: What is grammar?: "The sounds and sound patterns, the basic units of meaning, such as words, and the rules to combine them...
1) Standard and non-standard varieties of English Standard varieties of English are the varieties of the English language that are considered to be a norm and are spoken and written by the minority (educated people). This is the optimum for educational purposes. The standard varieties of English are: BrEng (British), EngEng (English), NAmEng (North-America), USEng (United States), CanEng (Canada), AusEng (Australia), NZEng (New Zealand). Standard English (British English) is the most widely accepted and understood among native speakers, learned by foreigners. It is used in broadcasting, TV, news etc. It doesn't concern pronounciation (accent), but grammar and vocabulary. It includes formal and informal styles. British Standard English grammar and vocabulary, together with the RP accent should be called English English. RP (Received Pronounciation) is an accent that originates from South-East of England. A social accent, associated o...
ELT Methodology (FLGR.01.041) 27.12.2012 Home Assignments. I Youtube clips: · A vision of K-12 students I personally think that Estonian learners are also digital learners. They spend more time at the computers or laptops or iPads etc. than read books or move outside. And another thing is that teachers are less capable in using technological appliances. But the latter mentioned fact is an advantage for us teachers as well. It gives us an opportunity to provide our students to experience success. They can help and assist us if we need some technological help. Another thing is that in schools, in classes generally students are not allowed to use their appliances, so it means they have to communicate verbally as well. I think that teachers ...
Letters Letters FORMAL, INFORMAL, TRANSACTIONAL TASK 1 Read the extracts and answer the questions. · Where are the extracts from? · What is the purpose of each letter? · How do they differ? · Which extracts are examples of formal letters? · How is the reader addressed in a formal letter? · What are the closing remarks for formal letters? · What is the salutation in a friendly letter? · How would you end extracts 1,2,3 ? · How would you begin the extracts 4 and 5? 1. Dear Mr Miller, I received your kind invitation to the reception. Unfortunately, owing to other commitments. I will be unable to attend ... 2. Dear Ralph, l just got your invitation to the company's event. l `m afraid I can't make it because I've a/ready made plans which l can "t change ... 3. Dear Sirs, I am writing to complain about the poor quality of ...
Book 1 BASIC ENGLISH BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRAMMAR BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR Book 1 Book 1 Younger students at beginning to intermediate levels will greatly benefit from this step-by-step approach to English grammar basics. This is the ideal supplement to your language arts program whether your students are native English speakers or beginning English language learners. Skill-specific lessons make it easy to locate and prescribe instant reinforc...
Maturita Solutions Upper-Intermediate Workbook Key Unit 1 2 members of the royal family, politicians, reality TV contestants, 4 1 2 had known had been waiting singers and TV presenters 3 had enjoyed/had been enjoying 1A Talking about people ...
Maturita Solutions Advanced Workbook Key stand bananas and coffee! It's a bit 3 1 to 8 of Unit 1 uncanny really. Is it something she's 2 about 9 century passed on to me genetically, or is it 3 like 10 assumed / 1A Memories page 3 learned behaviour? Who knows? 4 of thought / 1 See exercise 2 2 5 6 any ...
English structure revision for the exam 1. Terms Language → A systematic, conventional (tavakohane) use of sounds, signs or written symbols in a human society for communication and self-expression. Human language at all levels is rule- or principle- governed (valitsema) meaning that language corresponds to the grammar. Natural language is usually spoken, while language can also be encoded into symbols (such as letters, morse etc) For example: Estonian, English. Linguistics → The scientific study of human natural language. Broadly, there are three aspects to the study which are Pragmatics (studies the use of language → interested in the gap between the sentence’s meaning and the speaker’s meaning). Semantics (concerned with the meaning of the language aspects and the way they change, also how objects and language and thinking and language are related). ...
More praise for Influence: Science and Practice! "We've known for years that people buy based on emotions and justify their buying decision based on logic. Dr. Cialdini was able, in a lucid and cogent manner, to tell us why this happens." --MARK BLACKBURN, Sr. Vice President, Director of Insurance Operations, State Auto Insurance Companies "Dr. Cialdini's ability to relate his material directly to the specifics of what we do with our customers and how we do it, enabled us to make significant changes. His work has enabled us to gain significant competitive differentiation and advantage" -LAURENCE HOF, Vice President, Relationship Consulting, Advanta Corporation "This will help executives make better decisions and use their influence wisely ... Robert Cialdini has had a greater impact on my thinking on this topic than any other scientist." -CHARLES T...
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