Dear Mr Faraday, I am writing with reference to the article entitled ,, It´s a student´s life" which appeared in the magazine, English in action. Following a note from my friend, recommending that I should express my opinion with some of the views, which the article contained.. Firstly, I can definitely say that I have to disagree that student´s do not know the meaning of the word ,,work." As I am a student also, I know from personal experience that a large quantity of students have been in contact with work in some way or another. In some cases students have to earn their living simultaneously with their studies. Moreover you claimed that students do not contribute nothing to the society. In the student's defence I have to mention that, we are growing individuals, who develop to be the best contribution and enrichment to our country. So I think it is wrong to judge the book by it's covers. Secondly, it surely is not t...
Formal letter Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing in order to complain about a situation which happened on 26th of September, when I was dining at the Babyback Ribs &Bbq restaurant. To start from the beginning, at first when we entered the restaurant there was no-one to serve us. Then, when we had waited for a long time a young girl came to us and asked us if we had a table booked, we answered that we did not and so we were given the menus and lead to available seatings. When we had decided what to have there was once again no-one to serve us and when the waitress finally showed up she could not answer our questions about the specifics of the menu. Finally we came to a conclusion that I would take the french fries, but without jalapeno, which I especially accentuated. After 15 minutes of more waiting the dishes arrived, but there was still jalapeno in my food. I was really disappointed and took the dish...
Dear Mr. Johnston, I am writing to you to lodge a complaint against the quality of food and service we received in your restaurant on Thursday last when we dined with you that evening. We have been dining with you for the past 5 years and have always received a great welcome and wonderful food but on this occassion the food was only lukewarm when it was received and the whole service took nearly three hours in total from arriving to settling the bill. When we mentioned this to your staff member Mr Simpson he was rude to myself and other guests and refused to acknowledge our complaint. I look forward to receiving a check to this amount and dining with you again in due course. Yours sincerely, Margaret Parker
Riho Kirsipuu Group nr 2 20.11.2015 Formal Letter Dear Sir or Madam, I just returned from my holiday, which was not what we were looking for. There were some problems I want to talk about, which was not mention in brochure. Firstly, when we arrived at the airport, there were not any coach waiting for us but brochure said that transfer was included. Because of that we had to take a taxi and it was very expensive. What is more, the beach was far from hotel which was unpleasant surprise. In addition, entire resort was crowded and very noisy but travel agent described it as quiet and peaceful area. Last but not least, our hotel room was tiny and not comfortable for three people to live in, it was dirty also. Furthermore, towels were dirty during our two weeks holiday. In conclusion, I think the travel agent should offer som...
15 Kare Street 72720 Paide Estonia International Recruitment Office Box 202 10001 Tallinn Estonia 5 September 2012 Dear Ms Parker I am writing to you because of the job offer in The Baltic Times and I would like to apply to the office manage's post. I have worked as an office manager before but I moved and now I would like to work on a similar job. I have thous personal qualities what you are looking for, such as knowlege of English and Russian, good computer skills and also good communication skills. Like always, I am looking for an interesting job what is full of challenges. Also, I am ready to work in a team. I...
FORMAL LETTER 120 (+/-10%) words I It is a formal letter. Do not use any contracted forms (don’t, can’t, I’m etc.)! II * Dear Mr. Smith / Dear Ms. Smith (No first name!!!) * Kui teame nime, siis lõpp – Yours sincerely ja ülesandes antud nimi * Kui nime pole öeldud, siis – Dear Sir or Madam * Kui nime ei tea, siis lõpus Yours faithfully ja ülesandes antud nimi Do not use your own name!!! Te olete kas Jürid või Marid, Urved või Urmased jne. Enamasti Mart Mets või Mari Mets TYPES OF LETTERS 1) Asking for advice I am writing to ask if you could help me with … I am writing to ask for your advice … Closing line: I would appreciate if you could give me your advice as soon as possible. I look forward to receiving your advice … 2) Giving advice I am writing in reply to your letter asking advice about …. Making suggestions: I would suggest that ..., I would advise you to … ...
18 February 2012 Dear Mr Janssen Thank you for your letter 15th of February 2012 in which you requested information about our touring bikes. We would like to point out that the terms of trade are following: · quantity discounts are offered on orders over £ 10,000; · delivery time is usually 3 months after receipt of order; · credit will be given for facilities only after trading for at least 1-year with the company. We enclose our price list and catalog as a pdf file. Thank you for taking interest in our company. Do not hesitate to contact us again if you require any further information. We look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely, (Signature) Robert Morris Sales Director UK Cycles
Dear Pat Fischer, My name is Liisa Trisberg and I am contacting You from Smile Company. I have heard about staff development day which I would like to attend. Unfortunately I do not have any information and details about the event. Could You send me more details about the development day? Thank you for Your time. Regards, Liisa Trisberg
Dear Sir, I am writing to complain about the Beautiful China Figure I ordered from your company. I believe your advertisement was misleading in a number of ways. Firstly, it was said to be delivered within ten days but when I received the package, three weeks had already passed. Also, my friend's birthday had passed, it was supposed to be a gift for him. I had to buy a new gift for him and now I do not have anything to do with this figure. Secondly, the figure was cracked and it did not look like the one on the advertisement. The engraved message I chose was also wrong and misspelled. The plaque surface where the message was engraved was scratched and silver but it should have been golden, like it was written in the advertisement. Thirdly, it was mentioned that each figure comes on a wooden stand but mine was on a plastic stand and I noticed some trace of glue, this seemed quite careless. Furthermore, it was wrapped up very carelessly a...
Estonia 25th May 2008 Recruitment Assistant Exeter Software Company 72 Southernhay Weast, Exeter EX1 2JG Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to apply for the post of Managing Director. I would welcome the opportunity to join the Exeter Software Company, because I have always been interested in software and computers, and I am looking for new challenges in my life. I match all the requirements given in the advertisement and I have previous experience working at this position. I believe that my strong IT skills and education will make me a very competitive candidate for this position. Please send me a description of the job and an application form. I look forward to hearing from you, and thank you in advance. Yours faithfully, ( allkiri )
Est onia Ida-Virumaa Kiviõli Lõuna 7 07.03.2011 Dear Sir/Madam My family does not eat very healthy. I try to eat more vegetables and low fat products. We do not eat much sugar and sweets. In my family people drink alcohol only on birthdays or other celebratings like New Year. In my family all but grandfather smoke . I am the only one who does some kind of sport. In winter i often go swimming with my best friend , two times a week. In autumn and summer i go cycling or jogging. I like to keep me fit. Sad that other people in my family do not play sports at all. I like to eat the food that my granny makes for me. But i try not to eat much and unhealthy. Now i eat much vitamins and protein. A school child must eat about 2000-2500 calories at day , nut ii cant believe that...
13 Wexford Grove Tamford. th 25 January, 2008 California Investments, Inc. 25 Sacramento Street San Francisco. Dear Mr. Weatherby, Thank you for taking the time to discuss the insurance broker position at California Investments, Inc., with me. After meeting with you and observing the company's operations, I am further convinced that my background and skills coincide well with your needs. I really appreciate that you took so much time to acquaint me with the company. It is no wonder that California Investments retains its employees for so long. I feel I could learn a great deal from you and would certainly enjoy working with you. In addition to my qualificatio...
Letter I write to you to inform about bad quality video game and rude shop assistent. I bought game in 19. October 2009. When I got home I realized that game is with bad quality and it was impossible to play. Next day I went back to shop, to complain about product. Shop assistant started to blame me and told that game is fine and the problem is about my computer. I asked her to check the game but she didn't listen and asked me to leave. I was suprised and offended. I had a very bad impression of your shop and I hope that it will not repeat.
Dear Sir/Madam I'm writing to ask for more information about the 'Swedish Dream' holiday which i saw on the internet. Me and my friends are very interested in Sweden and would like to go on this holiday but we would like to ask some more things about the trip. Firstly, i would like to get some more information about the hotels and the cities we are going to visit. I was also wondering if there's going to be a tour guide to talk about the history of Sweden. Could you tell me more about these things? Secondly, I am a little bit worried about my health. Could you send me information about the diseases and health risks in this country, just in case. And i was also wondering if the health insurance is included? I would also like to know if pets are allowed in the hotels as my friend is having dog allergy. Thirdly, it's said that the price includes everything except the museums. Could you possibly tell me how much money is needed for these mu...
Dear Mr Smith, I am writing in because of a problem I have with the new neighbour, David, who has moved in downstairs. Unfortunately, his habits seems to be different than mine. The issue is that David is a musician who plays his electric guitar very late night. I understand he is in a band and needs to practice but I think he can not do this in apartment. I work in home, so for me, it is important to have silence so I can concentrate on my work. But when David is playing all the time it is unable to get any of my works done, except when he is out. Sometimes I have been forced to leave the apartment and work at the library because of the guitar playing was disturbing. I would appreciate it if you could speak to David and ask him to turn down the volume on his guitar or else to use headphones. I have spoken to him about it, but he has not listen to me. I will let you know as soon as the situation gets better. Tha...
14 Angel Street England 12113 25 January 2011 Dear Sir or Madam I am writing to enquire about the Discount Bike advertisment that I recently saw advertised in the latest issue of Mountain Biking magazine. Next month I am going on a cycling holiday in the mountains with some of my friends. The landscape is quite rough there, so could you tell me if your bikes are good for riding on rough terrain? Could you also suggest if I should get a touring bike or an adventurer bike? I am going with 2 friends and we are planning to take a lot of luggage, so could you tell me if the panniers are fit for a lot of luggage or no...
Dear Mrs. Antia Luik January 23th We had a lecture on suicideterrorism and motives for suicide. It was a very instructive lecture, because I got a lot of new information about terrorism. Such information, which I did not yet know or have heard. I can use that information in our bibliographical and if lucky, the English language examination. Such lectures could be more, because terrorism is a situation which can be found in almost every country. Still the subject of terrorism, I would like to know more. I would like to know more precisely how to deal with situations if someone wants to commit suicide and kill others or have any advice on how to stay calm and help others. Or, how could help, who wants to organize a suicide. Your sincerely Karel Varik
11 November 2010 Dear Mr and Mrs Smith, I am writing to let you know that I have arrived home safely. My plane was just on time and everything went smoothly. I also wanted to thank you for letting me stay with you in your lovely summer cottage in England. I had the most wonderful time in England and I appreciate everything that you did for me to make me feel at home. I loved my room and the food tasted just like it does at home. You are a really nice family with warm hospitality. The visit to England really gave me an opportunitie to improve my English speaking skills, and it helped a lot. Also, I really enjoyed the beatiful view of the sea and the tourist attractions you took me to. Thank you once again for your warm hospitality and I hope we can still keep in touch and maybe some day, you could even visit me. Best wishes,
19, Alexandra St. Brisbane 6 October, 2009 23, Park Lane Brisbane Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing in response to your advertisment about camp Conway, a summer camp for young children. As I am very interested in sending my two children to this camp I would be grateful if you could answer some questions I have. Your advertisment states that this camp is for young children. What is the age group? I would also like to know when exactly and for how long is the duration of the camp. As I wish the best for my children I would like to know more about the team leaders. Do they have enough experience with children and what are their qualifications? In addition I would like to know how much does it cost and what ...
USA Today Jõe tänav 1 7950 Jones Branch Drive Rapla 79520 McLean, VA 22108 Estonia USA 9th September 2009 Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing with regard to the article 'Txting away ur education' in The Forum column. I have to admit that I was truly inspired by it! I acknowledge the problem of students sending too many text messages and hardly paying any attention at school. First, I have to agree with the argument about declaring war on texting as a new way to be in contact with fellow students over the break, class or other activity. Also, it is important to point out the fact that, according to the Nielsen Co., teens over the country were in the year 2009 sending at least 80 texts a day on average...
Writing Letter/Email [ greeting- PH1 Opening remarks, reason for writing-PH2,3 developments(arengud)-PH4 closing remarks- sign off] Informal- are sent to people you know well. Semi-formal- to your friend parents Formal-are normally sent to people an (friends, relatives) ect.. official position or to people u dont know well An informal greeting (Dear Formal greetings (Dear Mr and Formal greetings: Dear Sir/Madam-when u dont know the Lucy, Uncle Bill,Mum) Mrs Jones, ) nam...
Name Jack Brown Adress Manhattan 3-90 New York The United States 21.09.2008 Dear Sir Brown I'm writing for you because I'm dissatisfied about the success rate in this year's examinations. I read your report and it leaves me an explicit and clear message the standards are falling and noone tries itselfs best anymore. Years ago it was very difficult to pass an exam, it was hard for us and only few of us could do it so I have to agree with your sayings. None of them worked hard I guess, they just walk in school from door to door and they...
Writing a formal letter in English An example of a task: You are trying to find accommodation for yourself in London while studying at a college there. You have the task of writing to Mr Sabir Siddique who has put the following advertisement in the newspaper. Read the advertisement and the notes you have made. Then write your letter to Mr. Siddique. Write a letter of 120 words. Do not write any addrsses. Flat to let Finsbury Park how far from central London? 10 minutes from Manor House tube Self-contained ground floor flat big enough for two? Bedroom, living room, study room Fully furnished what furniture? 90 pounds per week any extras to pay like electricity? Ideal for student 36 Stewart Street does it have a phone? available how soon? London N4 2PP 0181 809 7985 A letter starts with a date, except when it is said that the date is not necessary. Usually on national exam...
Writing letters Formal letters institutions, strangers Semi-formal letters - acquaintances Informal letters friends, family Layout Always in paragraphs A paragraph starts with a space, which is as wide as your finger No empty rows Block style in the content of the letter Greeting and farewell on the left side The greeting and farewell have the same style Dear..................... ........................................................................ ............................................................................. ......................................................... ........................................................................ ............................................................................. ............................................................................. .........................................................................
Letters Letters FORMAL, INFORMAL, TRANSACTIONAL TASK 1 Read the extracts and answer the questions. · Where are the extracts from? · What is the purpose of each letter? · How do they differ? · Which extracts are examples of formal letters? · How is the reader addressed in a formal letter? · What are the closing remarks for formal letters? · What is the salutation in a friendly letter? · How would you end extracts 1,2,3 ? · How would you begin the extracts 4 and 5? 1. Dear Mr Miller, I received your kind invitation to the reception. Unfortunately, owing to other commitments. I will be unable to attend ... 2. Dear Ralph, l just got your invitation to the company's event. l `m afraid I can't make it because I've a/ready made plans which l can "t change ... 3. Dear Sirs, I am writing to complain about the poor quality of ...
INGLISE KEELE EKSAMI KONSPEKT Sisukord Sisukord ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Ajavormid ...........................................................................................
What is levels of formality? Search on the Internet leads to such subjects as "Levels of Formality in Language", "Formality levels of communication" , "Levels of formality in writing". Proceeding from it, it is possible to draw a conclusion, that levels of formality are almost everywhere. For a start it is worth understanding formality levels in Spoken language. Because the spoken language is used much more often. The first level of Spoken language is informal. Its use for routine messages delivered face-to-face with friends. Informal language is relaxed language with slang, contractions and humor. The second level is Semiformal. Its use for important messages to strangers(for example, Phone call). It is language with some contractions and personal pronouns. And the last one is Formal. Its use for serious messages and in other formal contexts. It is correct, serious language using complete sentences without slang. In a written languag...
Sample Business Letter You may copy this sample business letter for your own use. Your street address City, State Zip Date Recipient name and surname Job title (Sales Manager etc.) Company name Street address City, State Zip Dear Mr. __________ Your message here. Use short paragraphs 3 to 4 lines each. Triplecheck your business letter for typos and bad grammar. Keep your business letter short and formal. Sincerely, Your signature Your name and surname
Surprise I felt so excited when I looked at the envelope. Because it was adressed to me and I hadn`t got any letters for a long time. I had just found it when I came to the kitchen. It was afternoon and I arrived from school. I hadn`t been expecting that kind of surprise at all. There was a name and an address on the other side, which I didn`t recognize. In addition, it seemed a bit weird that the envelope was on the floor, next to the table, but on second thought it could have been there by accident. So now I went upstairs, to my room and sat on the armchair. I sat there for a moment, holding the letter on my lap and looking out the window to let the curiousity grow. Than I prepared to tear it open, but some noise from downstairs interrupted me. I sat still and listened for a minute, it was quiet again. As I laid my eyes on the envelope again the same sound, only louder, interrupte...
KIRJANÄIDISED Letter to uncle, letter 1 06.06.2002. Estonia Dear Uncle Hello uncle, I had a very nice time at your place, not like at home where I can't do the cool stuff like I did with you for example: mountain climbing. I would like to see you at my place next summer. Best wishes, Mart 2,5 punkti. Korrektne algus- (Dear) ja lõppfraas (Best wishes). Kuupäeva esitamises on kaldkriipsude asemel kasutatud punkte, Estonia peaks olema rea võrra allpool. Letter 2 July 17 Dear uncle, Thank you very much for having me in your place. It was realy wonderful and fun. I hope to come back sometime. I am inviting you and your family to my place next summer. Your's Jüri 2 punkti. Lõpufraasis (Your's) üleliigne ülakoma, samuti ei ole kuupäevale lisatud aastanumbrit. Õigekirjaviga sõnas realy. Letter 1 Dear pen-friend 6. June, 2002 Thank you for your letter! I will try to answer your questions now. I do like films, but I think I am n...
Letter of application Salutation Dear Sir or Madam Dear Sir/Madam Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms Paragraph 1 Reason for writing, name of the available position (+add the source, if available) I am writing to apply for the post advertised in... I am writing in response to your advertisement in... Paragraph 2, 3 What are you doing now, previous experience Qualifications (also personality traits, if necessary) NB! Relevant information I have graduated from... (with honors) My degree is in... I attended a.... course Final paragraph + closing sentence Closing remarks: thank the person for considering your application, ask the person to consider you for the job, mention the possibility of further communication. I have enclosed my CV... I am enclosing my curriculum vitae together with two references, I would be happy to provide any further information, if you wish me to attend an interview, I am available ...
Formal transactional letter Complaining: I am writing to you about (several problems related to my city break in June). I have been waiting for (two weeks for replay to my letter). To make matters worse, (we were informed that there was no record of our cheque being cashed). I am writing to complain about... I am sorry to inform you that... I was very disappointed with... I have some complaints about... I would be grateful if you could (refund the cost of the holiday as soon as possible.) Requesting: I am writing in response to (your advertisement in The Daily Standard on July 20th) I would be grateful if you could (send me further details about the position) I am writing to enquire whether (you colud let me have further details about the holiday) I would like to know more about (the arrangements for the evening meal) I am writing for information about... I would like to learn/ know more about... I would like to ask whether/ if... I w...
From: ...name Subject: 'Business Today' event Dear Gloria, Thank for you letter informing me of the upcoming 'Business Today' event. I would like to confirm for you that I will attend. I am more than happy to be a speaker at the event and I would like to thank you for the great opportunity to do so. I do have a few questions regarding the speech that I will be giving. As to the topic I am fine making my own choice, but I would like to ask you if there are any specific topics or subjects that you would prefer that I talk about? I would also like to know how much time I will be alloted to speak? Will it be in a formal or an informal setting for the speech? I look forward to hearing from you regarding these details. I also would like to confirm that I will be able to attend the charity dinner as well. Thank you again for the opportunity and I look forward to seeing you at the conference. Much regards, ...name
Report A report is based on facts/data etc. The writer knows more than the reader. The reader needs the information. A report should be clear and easy to follow. The person who reads it should find the information quickly. THINK: why you are writing the report, why the reader needs your report and what she might be interested in. Think about the best way to present the facts. If it’s a report of events (e.g. a traffic accident), describe them in chronological order. It should NOT be written like a letter! NO salutation/sign-off. Impersonal style (PASSIVE!), unless you make suggestions or give personal opinion – then you can use “I”. Formal language –no contractions, slang, etc. You can use the following format at the beginning of the report: To: From: (DO NOT write your own name. A member of the student committee etc. is fine) Subject: Basic structure 200 (+/- 10%) Introduction: Aim of the report Status of the writer (who ...
ABILITY Ex3.clear, laudable, long-term, broad, underlying, Ex1. assessing,doubted, affect, lost, showed, sole, common overestimated ANSWER Ex2..test, use, reflection, confidence, best, lack Ex1. Receive, waiting for, demanded, give, need, Ex3.Natural, mixed, considerable, proven, was average, incredible Ex2. Immediate, honest, final, short, detailed, ACCOUNT correct Ex1. Listened to, keep, provide, accept, Ex3. Knew, have, guess, come up with, provide, corroborated, differ arrived at Ex2. Conflicting accounts, blow-by-blow account, Ex4. Simple, long-term, wrong, only, obvious, clear account, fascinating account, graphic definite account, full account ...
Kordamine inglise keele eksamiks A 1.1 Read the text and answer the questions below. Dear Mary-Alice, It's been ages since I last wrote to you, isn't it weird? Yes, so it is, but, I do have a certain reason. Do you remember Sir Thom of the Minquettes'? That fine young man with fascinating blue eyes... Oh, my sweet Mary, you will never guess what happened yesterday! It was about seven o'clock in the evening when Lillian called me out for a walk you know I can't say `no' to my little sis. Anyway we went to the forest near the Swan Lake and, believe it or not, got lost! Awful! I was so scared... We walked and walked, not even knowing the direction we were heading to, until we reached a huge mansion. And the garden around it was so extraordinary... That is something you just must see! But neither the trees nor flowers could be as wonderful as the owner himself! Sir Thom treated us tea and sandwiches, not forgetting to show us way back ...
Writing tasks Formal letters 120 words I Tegemist on ametliku kirjastiiliga ja lühivormid (don't, can't, I'm etc.)on keelatud! Kaotate kohe punkte II * Dear Mr. Smith (ja eesnime ei tohi kirjutada!!!) * Kui teame nime, siis lõpp Yours sincerely ja allkiri ja ülesandes antud nimi * Kui nime pole öeldud, siis Dear Sir or Madam * Kui nime ei tea, siis lõpus Yours faithfully ja allkiri ja ülesandes antud nimi Enda nime ei tohi mitte mingil juhul kirjutada!!!!! Te olete kas Jürid või Marid, Urved või Urmased jne. Kirjade tüübid: 1) Kui peate kirjutama kirja , kus tuleb kelleltki nõu küsida, siis alustage: I am writing to ask if you could help me with... I am writing to ask for your advice... Ja lõpetage I would appreciate if you could give me your advice as soon as possible või I look forward to receiving your advice... 2) Kui peate kirjutama kirja , kus tuleb ise nõustada, siis alustage: I am writing in reply to your letter asking a...
Modal Verbs Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................... 2 Characteristics of Modal Verbs ............................................. 2 When to use the Modal Verbs ............................................... 3 Expressing permission.......................................................... 3 Expressing obligation ........................................................... 3 Making offers........................................................................ 5 Making requests ................................................................... 6 Expressing possibility/probability......................................... 7 Asking about possibilities ..................................................... 7 Infinitives ............................................................................. 8 In...
Pygmalion act 3 Where does the action take place in Act III? Name the places. At Mrs. Higgins's home Why is Mrs. Higgins not happy to see her son? Because Higgins offended all her friends and she wasn't happy about it. Why has Higgins invited Eliza to his mother's place? She wants to present her to her mother and the Who had Mrs Higgins invited to visit her? Miss Eynsford Hill, Mrs. Eynsford Hill, Freddy, Colonel Pickering. How does Higgins use the word ,,dickens". Quote his use of the word in different sentences and explain it's meaning. He uses the word in sentences like "Cynical! Who the dickens said it was cynical? I mean it wouldn't be decent." and ,,What the dickens has happened to you?" He uses the word instead of a swearing word. Comment on Eliza's behaviour at the meeting.(Do it in about 4 sentences) Eliza is speaking very properly and is polite. She is answering the questions that are asked from her with very long sentences. ...
1. Basic Phrases ¡Buenos días! ¡Buenas tardes! ¡Buenas noches! bway-nohs dee-ahs bway-nahs tard-ays bway-nahs noh-chays Hello! / Good morning! Good afternoon! Good evening! / Good night! ¡Hola! / ¡Chao! Adiós. Por favor. oh-lah / chow ah-dee-ohs por fah-bor Hi! / Bye! Good bye. Please. Hasta la vista / Hasta luego. Hasta pronto. Hasta mañana. ah-stah lah vees-tah / ah-stah ah-stah prohn-toh ah-stah mahn-yahn-ah loo-ay-go See you soon. See you tomorrow. See you / See you later. (Muchas) Gracias. De nada. Bienvenidos (moo-chah...
1. Be ready to explain the terms (lecture 1): language, linguistics, synchronic approach to language, diachronic approach to language, linguistic competence, linguistic performance, what is grammar?, prescriptive grammar vs. descriptive grammar; phonology, phonetics, phone, allophone, phoneme; morphology, morphemes (types of morphemes), morphs, allomorphs, types of affixes, derivational affixes, inflectional affixes; open vs closed class words; syntax. Language: a systematic, conventional use of sounds, signs or written symbols in a human society for communication and self-expression. - human language at all levels is rule- or principle-governed. Linguistics: the scientific study of human natural language Synchronic approach to language: Diachronic approach to language: Linguistic competence: Linguistic performance: What is grammar?: "The sounds and sound patterns, the basic units of meaning, such as words, and the rules to combine them...
4 tegevdirektor - a Managing Cirector tootmisjuht - a Production Manager firma töötajad - employees at the firm kaadriülem - a group leader müügijuht - a Sales Manager tootmisinsener - a Production engineer 5 töökas, hõivatud kontor - working, busy office vastutustunne - responsibility algpalk - starting salary sõltuvalt east ja kogemustest - depending on age and experience edutamise väljavaated - promotion prospects kandideerima / soovi avaldama kohale - to apply for a post lisama väljavõtte kvalifikatsioonidest - to enclose an outline of qualification ma olen nõus proovima - I'm willing to try huumorimeel - a sense of humor võime hakkama saada - an ability to cope with (something) thuande krooni ulatuses - within rnge of võõrkeeled on eeliseks - foreign languages are an advantage kuulutus sekretäri kohale - an advertisment for a secretary teadmisi omandama - to obtain knowledge eelneva kontoritöö kogemus - a previous office experienc...
Introduction The great French Revolution has been regarded to as one of the most influential events in modern Western history, and therefore there are various interpretations to explain how the Revolution evolved and what it was like. It is important to focus on very different kinds of historical evidence and sources to get a clear picture of the Revolution. Therefore, one must not forget to look not only at the written sources but also at the more cultural and artistic interpretations. One of the best examples of cultural and political distribution of the Revolutionary ideas was Jacques-Louis David, who, with his paintings, perpetuated The French Revolution from the Republican point of view. His art was mostly tightly connected to the main figures, events and ideas of the French Revolution. David had more than 5 pieces of art that captured the essence of the Revolution. His paintings represented political ethics, current ideals and fou...
Loeng 1: · crtl ja - annavad kokku laheda "pehme" poolitamise · crtl, shift (see nooleke) ja tühik => pikk tühik st. · sõna aktiveerimiseks topeltklõps tema pääl. · mitu sõna korraga => hoia crtl klahvi all. · teatud osa aktiveerimine : aktiveerid esimese, hoiad shifti all ja lähed viimase juurde. · lõigu aktiveerimine : kolm klõpsu ühe sõna peal. · lõigu ees topeltklõps aktiveerib kogu lõigu. · ... · kui sõnaga palju formatit tehtud ja tahad teise sõna samasuguseks teha siis => sõna aktiivseks , home ribalt "format painter", kursor muutub pintsliks ja vajuta soovitud sõnale ja see muutub esimesega identse formatingiga. · kiirelt teksti lõppu saab - Crtl ja end · uus dokument => Crtl ja n · Crtl ja home saab algusesse · laad- nagu munder mis ...
The making of a new nation. The Enlightenment in America. The emergence of the notion of the American Dream. The great Enlighteners: Crèvecoeur, Jefferson, Paine, Franklin. The American Enlightenment is the intellectual thriving period in the United States in the midtolate 18th century (17151789), especially as it relates to American Revolution on the one hand and the European Enlightenment on the other. Influenced by the scientific revolution of the 17th century and the humanist period during the Renaissance, the Enlightenment took scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature, society, and religion. American Enlightenment a gradual but powerful awakening that established the ideals of democracy, liberty, and religious tolerance in the people of America. If there were just one development that directly caused the American Revolution and uplifted the intellectual culture of the continent while it was only a British colony,...
LEXICOLOGY 1. Size of English vocabulary 1) Old English – 50,000 to 60,000 words Vocabulary of Shakespeare OE – homogeneous; 1/3 of the vocabulary has survived • 884,647 words of running text About 450 Latin loans (Amosova) • 29,000 different words (incl. work, working, Viking invasions added 2,000 worked, which are counted here as separate 2) Middle English – 100,000 – 125,000 words) English becomes heterogeneous (Norman French, • 21,000 words English, Latin), hybrid of Germanic and Romance languages Norman French influence – about 10,000 words, 75 % are still in use (Baugh) Latin influence continues 3) Early Modern English – 200,000 – 250,000 English becomes a polycentric language; polyglot, cosmopolitan lang...
Some of the things you will learn in THE CODEBREAKERS • How secret Japanese messages were decoded in Washington hours before Pearl Harbor. • How German codebreakers helped usher in the Russian Revolution. • How John F. Kennedy escaped capture in the Pacific because the Japanese failed to solve a simple cipher. • How codebreaking determined a presidential election, convicted an underworld syndicate head, won the battle of Midway, led to cruel Allied defeats in North Africa, and broke up a vast Nazi spy ring. • How one American became the world's most famous codebreaker, and another became the world's greatest. • How codes and codebreakers operate today within the secret agencies of the U.S. and Russia. • And incredibly much more. "For many evenings of gripping reading, no better choice can be made than this book." —Christian Science Monitor THE ...
Golden Grammar rules 1. Don't use an with own. Sue needs her own room. (NOT Sue needs an own room.) I'd like a phone line of my own. (NOT ... an own phone line.) 2. Use or rather to correct yourself. She's German or rather, Austrian. (NOT She's German or better, Austrian.) I'll see you on Friday or rather, Saturday. 3. Use the simple present play(s), rain(s) etc to talk about habits and repeated actions. I play tennis every Saturday. (NOT I am playing tennis every Saturday.) It usually rains a lot in November. 4. Use will ..., not the present, for offers and promises. I'll cook you supper this evening. (NOT I cook you supper this evening.) I promise I'll phone you tomorrow. (NOT I promise I phone you tomorrow.) 5. Don't drop prepositions with passive verbs. I don't like to be shouted at. (NOT I don't like to be shouted.) This needs to be thought about some more. (NOT This needs to be thought some more.) 6. Don'...
Tests Superstar 1 Luke Prodromou Test 1 Name____________________ Class_______ Use your English 1 Complete these sentences using the correct form (present simple or present continuous) of the verb in brackets. _ 1 She is in a band and she _________________________________ (record) a CD at the moment. _ 2 She is an actress and often _________________________________ (appear) on television. _ 3 At the moment she _________________________________ (have) a rest because she is tired. _ 4 Mike is a doctor and he _________________________________ (live) in Manchester. _ 5 I _________________________________ (start) work at 8.30 every morning. _ 6 He is a good cook but she _________________________________ (prefer) to eat out. _ 7 English tests _________________________________ (get) more and more interesting. _ 8 They _________________________________ (have) a party becau...
The Project Gutenberg EBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Pride and Prejudice Author: Jane Austen Release Date: August 26, 2008 [EBook #1342] [Last updated: August 11, 2011] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRIDE AND PREJUDICE *** Produced by Anonymous Volunteers, and David Widger PRIDE AND PREJUDICE By Jane Austen Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 22 Chapter 2 Chapter 23 Chapter 43 Chapter 3 Chapter 24 Chapter 44 ...
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