Islam
poor Arabs, and some Shi'a against the Umayyads and overthrew them with the help of their
propagandist and general Abu Muslim, inaugurating the Abbasid dynasty in 750. Under the
Abbasids, Islamic civilization flourished in the "Islamic Golden Age", with its capital at the
cosmopolitan city of Baghdad.
Golden Age (7501258)
Artistic depiction of the Battle of Hattin in 1187, where Jerusalem was recaptured by
Saladin's Ayyubid forcesBy the late 9th century, the Abbasid caliphate began to fracture as
various regions gained increasing levels of autonomy. Across North Africa, Persia, and
Central Asia emirates formed as provinces broke away. The monolithic Arab empire gave
way to a more religiously homogenized Muslim world where the Shia Fatimids contested
even the religious authority of the caliphate. By 1055 the Seljuq Turks had eliminated the
annaabi.ee 
