Forestry Importance: · Environmental-protective importance Oxygen Cleans the air/soils/ground water Protects the soil from erosion · Timber Firewood Woodwork Building materials Timber cellulose paper · Mushrooms/berries/juices · Habitat of different species Measuring the amount of forest: · Fixing the area under the forests (ha/%) -> In Estonia 47.4%, 2.143 mil/ha It doesn't take into account the amount of timber · To measure the amount of timber (m3) -> 352.7 mil/m3 It doesn't take into account the annual increase · To fix different species of trees (%) -> Pine 40%, Birch 30%, Spruce 20%
Holiday time My holiday began from a class trip to Tartu. There we visited the Estonian National Defence College. Afterwards, I took a bus ride to Tallinn, where I spent the rest of my holiday. Due to my brother moving house, I had to help him out with that. The majority of the work involved stacking firewood from one shed to another, whilst sorting it out to dried and raw. During free time, we went shopping into different shopping centres. I left Tallinn on Saturday, so I would have a day to prepare for school.
Should teenagers nowadays earn their pocket money. Many children earn their pocket money by doing some jobs at home, but lots of them do not need to work for it. I think that it depends on the specific children whether his/her parents should pay him/her. My parents do not give me money for bringing firewood or mowing the lawn. They have never paid me for such jobs and I think I would feel rather bad if they did. I have understood that I need these domestic jobs done as much as everybody else in my family. My mother doesn't get paid for feeding me, so why should I be better than her. I know a family where one of the children gets paid for simple domestic jobs and the other does not. It seems unfair to me. On the other hand, I find that getting paid for chores could
The problems that comes with deforestation New plants can't grow Global warming Life for animal Greenhouse gases Why they are cutting rainforest? More place for new homes To build new roads Selling the lumber to Japan To generate electricity Trees are used in flooring, furniture and other items Make more space for grazing lands Solution To enforce their anti-logging laws Provide alternatives to poor farmers Use less firewood and paper products Recycle old furniture and wood Educate yourself Ari Pollution Second largest environmental problem Industrial activities are the major causes Urbanisation Vehicular gas emissions dropped by 94% Burning trees Solution of air pollution Use more public transport To limit emissions of carbon dioxie Recycle different products Need to stop or low burning trees Clear the rainforests Use of wind power Use solar energy Waste disposal
forest)? Trf arboreal life, bright colours and sharp patterns, loud vocalizations. Tdf adapted to dry season, many animals live on trees. The life on forest floor is more diverse than in trf. 13. Using the picture describe how an animal is adapted to the life in tropical rainforest? 14. Why are rainforests so important for people? Farming, homes for people, mining for gold, oil etc., logging for trees firewood, paper products. 15. Which human activities endanger the biome (tropical rainforest/tropical deciduous forest)? Collecting and killing wild animals and plants 16. Put the major circles of latitude (the Arctic circle, the Antarctic circle, the Tropic of Capricorn, the Tropic of Cancer, the Equator) in the picture. 17. What are summer solstice, winter solstice and equinox? 18. What are polar night and polar day? 19
sorghum, maize,cow pea, green, gourd and pumpkin. The Arbore, the sorghum growing specialist among the tribes in Omo valley depends on rainfall and the Weito river Portrait of a girl from Arbore tribe for their sorghum cultivation. carrying firewood on her back The Arbore are very active traders and spread into distant areas. Traditions, habits Arbore women are well known or their long headdresses. The girls shave their heads to ndicate virginity, and only start growing hair after marriage . The women of the tribe cover heir heads with a black cloth and are known to wear very colorful necklaces and earrings. Young children wear a shell type hat that protects their heads from the sun
erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, the eviction and decimation of indigenous Indian tribes, and the loss of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming. But who is really to blame? Consider what we industrialized Americans have done to our own homeland. We converted 90 percent of North America's virgin forests into firewood, shingles, furniture, railroad ties, and paper. Other industrialized countries have done no better. Malaysia, Indonesia, Brazil, and other tropical countries with rainforests are often branded as "environmental villains" of the world, mainly because of their reported levels of destruction of their rainforests. But despite the levels of deforestation, up to 60 percent of their territory is still covered by natural tropical forests. In fact, today, much of the pressures on their
Animal species found in these forests are for example rabbits, squirrels, wolf, black bear, mountain lion and bob cat. Human uses of temperate forests: o Habitation - Population density very closely corresponds to the distribution of Temperate Forests. Many forests have been cleared to build communities. o Wood products - We use the wood of these trees for construction, firewood and art. o Farming Many areas of temperate forests have been cleared for farms. Seasonal/Monsoon Forests These forests are also known as dry forests. Forests of this type can be found in Southeast Asia, West and East Africa, eastern Brazil and northern Australia. These forests go through two extreme seasons; the season of heavy rainfall and a long season of complete dryness. Trees of these forests include woody vines,
hibernating when temperatures drop. Other animals have adapted to the extreme cold temperatures by producing a layer of insulating feathers or fur to protect them from the cold. 13. Which human activities endanger the biome? Temperate forest: one of the most altered biomes on the planet. By looking at a map you will see that our population density very closely corresponds to the distribution of Temperate Forests. We use the wood of these trees for construction, firewood and art. They have been cleared for farming and to build communities. These human activities have led to the decline and loss of these forests in many parts of the world. Temperate rainforest: Farming, mining, hunting, logging and urbanization are some of the human activities that have affected negatively this biome, resulting in biodiversity loss, pollution, deforestation and habitat loss and fragmentation. Temperate grassland: Grasslands in temperate latitudes have
interpreted the Bible differently. In science empiricism became a thing that people did i.e. They didn't just assume shit and then proclaim it to be the whole truth. In 1660 the Royal Society was founded, which was a society of scientist. It is still on-going. In 1628 Edmund Halley sighted the Halley's comet. The Great Fie of London happened in 1666 2nd September. Previous to the fire it had been very dry and the fire started in a Pudding Lane bakery, where a baker had brought dry firewood and placed it near a fireplace. There were very few casualties due to the wind, the direction of which allowed the denizens to escape. The fire burned for 3 days and decimated 2/3 thirds of the city, to be rebuilt by Sir Christopher Wren. THE ENLIGHTENMENT Britain prospered due to the productivity of its colonies in India and North America. Of course, many other countries also wanted those colonies and England waged wars with France,
Cooking with gas takes less time than with wood or charcoal or any other commonly used fuel. It is easier to cook with gas stove. Economical Estimating an average per capita consumption of 3 kg of wood per day for energy (cooking, heating and boiling water) in rural areas, the daily per capita demand of energy equals about 13 kWh which could be covered by about 2 m3 of biogas. A biogas plant therefore directly saves forest. Annually, each biogas plant can save more than four ton's of firewood and 32 liters of kerosene. A single biogas system with a volume of 100 cubic feet (2,8 m3) can save as much as 0.3 acres (0,12 ha) of forest (woodland) each year. A recent study by Winrock, Nepal and others found that each biogas plant can mitigate about five tons of carbon dioxide equivalents per year. Dangers of biogas Anaerobic digestion systems and associated manure storage and handling present many safety hazards. A good designer and responsible digester owner will learn
Czech), duke of Bohemia (r c 925-29), now the chief patron saint of the Czech people. Wenceslas was the 'Good King Wenceslas' of the well-known Christmas carol written in 1853 by English clergyman John Mason Neale. Neale, a scholar of eastern European church history, had read about St Wenceslas' legendary piety, and based his carol on the story of the duke's page finding strength and warmth by following in the footsteps of his master as they carried food, wine and firewood to a poor peasant on a freezing cold Boxing Day. The unfortunate Wenceslas was murdered by his own brother, Boleslav; the Chapel of St Wenceslas in St Vitus Cathedral is decorated with scenes from the saint's life. In 950 the German king Otto I conquered Bohemia and incorporated it into the Holy Roman Empire. By 993 Pemysl princes had forged a genuine Slav alliance, and ruled Bohemia on the Germans' behalf until 1212, when the pope granted Otakar I the right to rule as a king.
faint (adj) fair trade (n) fake (adj) fall out (phr v) familiar (with) (adj) famine (n) fanatic (n) fancy dress (adj) far from (phr) fare (n) far-fetched (adj) fascinating (adj) fatal (adj) fatty (adj) fearless (adj) fearsome (adj) feast (on) (v) feat (n) feathers (n) feature (n) fellow (adj) feral (adj) ferry (n) fete (n) fictional (adj) figure out (phr v) figure skating (n) fill up (v) filling station (n) findings (n pl) 11 fine (v) fire (v) fire brigade (n) firewood (n unc) firm evidence (phr) first aid kit (n) first-rate (adj) fit in (phr v) fit in with (phr v) fizzy (adj) fjord (n) flash (n) flat tyre (n) flee (v) floating (adj) flock (v) flood (v) florist (n) flow (v) flutter (v) focus on (v) foggy (adj) fold (v) folklore (n) following (n) fool (v) for the time being (phr) forbidden (adj) forgery (n) fort (n) forward (v) fossil (n) foul-mouthed (adj) foundation (n) founder (n) fraud (n) freezing (adj) frog (n) frost-bite (n) frustrated (adj)
new growth forms/AW; harvest after a number of years/process repeated; rotational coppicing/AW; ref to how coppicing increases biodiversity e.g. increasing light intensity; max 3 (ii) (standards) large planks/AW; A used as timber A standards more valuable/AW (coppice) small diameter wood/fencing/hurdles/garden furniture/charcoal/firewood/matches; (coppice) continuous, source of timber/income; recreational use/nature reserve; A ref to tourism max 2 [5] 20. release of carbon dioxide; from fungal respiration; available for photosynthesis/carbon fixation; extracellular digestion; named enzyme(s);
(riik, omavalitsus) Külastusettevõte küsitlus ja tagasiside (Entrepreneur ööbimiskohtade arv, töökohtade arv survey and feedback, 2 indikaatorit) kogused, omavoliliste tuletegemise kohtade Lõkkepuud ja prügimajandus (Firewood and waste arv, maha jäetud prügi mitte ettenähtud management, 3 indikaatorit) kohas (kohtade paiknemine/jaotumine alal) 41 Kaitsealade külastuskoormuse hindamise juhend: seiremeetodite arendamine ja rakendamine 2.2.4 Pilootprojekti andmemudel
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