"finessed" - 1 õppematerjal

Keelefilosoofia raamat

Possible: (x)(Wx & (y) (Wy y = x) & (z) (Wz ~Wz)) which corresponds to (11) and is false (I have represented "lost" as "did not win"), and the wide-scope reading (x)(Wx & (y)(Wy y = x) & (z) (Wz Possible: ~Wz)) which presumably is true. Colloquially, (11) means that one and only one per- son won the election and whoever won it is such that s/he could have lost.5 In a similar but more sophisticated move, some philosophers have finessed objection 3 by "rigidifying" the descriptions in terms of which they explicate names: Understand "Richard Nixon," not as "the winner of the 1968 elec- tion," but as "the actual winner of the 1968 election." See the next chapter. Objection 4 Kripke (1972/1980: 83­7) offers an (utterly fictional!) example regard- ing Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem, a famous metamathematical result. In Kripke's fiction, the theorem was proved in the 1920s by a man named