5 Virtually all the DR literature has been devoted to establishing the posi- tive thesis, that names do have Millian readings even in belief contexts. But the positive thesis is far from all that the DR theorist needs. For, although we may be persuaded that every belief sentence does have a transparent reading, most of us also remain convinced that every belief sentence also has an opaque reading, that on which some substitutions turn truths into falsehoods: in one sense Columbus believed that Castro's island was China, but in another, he believed no such thing, for the obvious reason that he had never heard (and would never hear) of Castro. Similarly, in one sense the police believe that Jacques dropped the anchovies, but in another they do not, and likewise for people doubting "that Tully is Tully." Yet it seems DR cannot allow so much as a sense in which belief contexts are opaque. That is DR's negative thesis:
occurred; this assurance Ito gave. With this—being able to learn no more—I assented to his request. In leaving, Ito said: 'We want you not to cable the notification to the Embassy in Washington too early.'" In this demand lay the seeds of Japan's juridical culpability. Yoshikawa, in Honolulu, had continued sending his ship-disposition reports after the switch to PA-K2. They were an odd melange of accuracy, error, and outright falsehoods. On December 3, for example, he correctly reported that the liner Lurline had arrived from San Francisco but stated that a military transport had departed when no such thing had occurred. The next day he informed Tokyo about the hasty departure of a cruiser of the Honolulu class; no such ship either entered or cleared the harbor on the 4th. Then, on the 5th, he cabled that three battleships had arrived in Pearl Harbor, making a total—which he reported with deadly accuracy—
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