their natural resources such as oil and rubber -- by neutralizing the U.S. Pacific Fleet. · Both the US and Japan had longstanding contingency plans for war in the Pacific · In 1940, the US halted further shipments of airplanes, parts, machine tools and aviation gas to Japan, which they interpreted as an unfriendly act. · In the summer of 1941, the US ceased the export of oil to Japan due to Japan's continued aggressive expansionist policy and because an anticipated eventual American entrance to the war in Europe prompted increased stockpiling and less commercial use of gasoline · President Roosevelt had moved the fleet to Hawaii, and ordered a buildup in the Philippines, to reduce Japanese aggression in China and deter operations against others, including European colonies in Asia. · The Japanese high command was certain any attack on the United Kingdom's
Spanish California The fifteenth century saw the completion of the reconquest of Spain and the emergence of Ferdinand and Isabella as the rulers of an expansionist empire eager to spread Christianity to distant lands and increase the wealth and power of Spain in the process.. Immediately after Christopher Columbus's discovery of the Americas in 1492, Spain began a series of expeditions into North, Central and South America. In 1519 Hernan Cortes began a campaign to conquer Tenochtitlan. It took several years but eventually he prevailed. The Aztec capital was razed to the ground and replaced by Mexico City
melodramatically. "Though the blinds are drawn and the windows heavily curtained, its far-seeking eyes penetrate the secret conference chambers at Washington, Tokyo, London, Paris, Geneva, Rome. Its sensitive ears catch the faintest whisperings in the foreign capitals of the world." Each nation naturally tried to obtain the most favorable tonnage ratio for itself; the most aggressive in its efforts was Japan, which even then was dreaming expansionist dreams in Asia but feared to offend the United States. At the height of the conference, when Japan was demanding a ratio of 10 to 7 with the United States and Great Britain, the Black Chamber read what Yardley later called the most important telegram it ever solved. "It is necessary to avoid any clash with Great Britain and America, particularly America, in regard to the armament limitation question," the Japanese Foreign Office cabled its ambassador in Washington on November 28
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