Islam
ethical and spiritual topics. The later Medinan suras mostly discuss social and moral issues
relevant to the Muslim community. The Qur'an is more concerned with moral guidance than
legal instruction, and is considered the "sourcebook of Islamic principles and values". Muslim
jurists consult the hadith, or the written record of Muhammad's life, to both supplement the
Qur'an and assist with its interpretation. The science of Qur'anic commentary and exegesis is
known as tafsir.
The word Qur'an means "recitation". When Muslims speak in the abstract about "the Qur'an",
they usually mean the scripture as recited in Arabic rather than the printed work or any
translation of it. To Muslims, the Qur'an is perfect only as revealed in the original Arabic;
translations are necessarily deficient because of language differences, the fallibility of
translators, and the impossibility of preserving the original's inspired style. Translations are