Many practices fall in the category of adab, or Islamic etiquette. This includes greeting others with "assalamu `alaykum" ("peace be unto you"), saying bismillah ("in the name of God") before meals, and using only the right hand for eating and drinking. Islamic hygienic practices mainly fall into the category of personal cleanliness and health, such as the circumcision of male offspring. Islamic burial rituals include saying the Salat alJanazah ("funeral prayer") over the bathed and enshrouded dead body, and burying it in a grave. Muslims, like Jews, are restricted in their diet, and prohibited foods include pig products, blood, carrion, and alcohol. All meat must come from a herbivorous animal slaughtered in the name of God by a Muslim, Jew, or Christian, with the exception of game that one has hunted or fished for oneself. Food permissible for Muslims is known as halal food. Jihad
0 q V The encipherer next replaced his plaintext with his checkerboard equivalents. For numbers, he enciphered the switch sign, then repeated the digits twice, then enciphered the switch sign again to indicate a return to letters: whereis/ 1 0 6 / di vision 91 98 3 4 3 1 0 94 11 00 66 94 83 1 99 1 0 1 2 7 The next step enshrouded this simple text by adding a numerical key—an operation called "closing." Clausen and Foote took their keynumbers directly from a common reference book with many tables, like the World Almanac, possession of which would not necessarily be suspicious. Poote used a book of Swiss trade statistics, Clausen the 1935 edition of the Statistisches Jahrbuch fur das Deutches Reich—the main section, on white pages, for enciphering, the international survey section,
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