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features" (p. 91). Unfortunately Fogelin does not go into detail about "trim-
ming the feature space." I believe the idea is that, having rejected the simile as
literal, the hearer nonetheless charitably assumes that the alleged similarity
does obtain, and now ignores the salient features of bulldogs that most obvi-
ously make the literal comparison false and looks for features that match the
salient features of Churchill. (I am not sure what these would be; toughness,
tenacity, earthiness, and looking like a bulldog?)
On this view, sentences have metaphorical meanings in context that differ
from their literal meanings; yet it does not follow that any expression in the
sentence has changed its meaning from literal to figurative use, or that the
metaphorical meanings are spooky or magical. Rather, resemblance is always
and everywhere relative to a standard of similarity, a "feature space" that
determines which properties are to be matched with which. The standard of