Mediterranean Basin
Juniperus, Myrtus, Olea, Phillyrea, Pistacia, and Quercus. This vegetation is similar in appearance to the chaparral vegetation of
California and the matorral of Chile. Some important components of Mediterranean vegetation (species of the genera Arbutus,
Calluna, Ceratonia, Chamaerops, and Larus) are relicts from the ancient forests that dominated the Basin two million years ago.
Frequent burning of maquis results in depauperate vegetation dominated by Kermes oak ( Quercus coccifera), Cistus spp. or
Sarcopoterium spinosum, all of which regenerate rapidly after fire by sprouting or mass germination. Shrublands, including maquis
and the aromatic, soft-leaved and drought phrygana of Rosmarinus, Salvia, and Thymus, persist in the semi-arid, lowland, and coastal
regions of the Basin.
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