initsiatsiooni tasandil? Sobib ka joonistena. 5. Millised mehhanismid on eukarüootidel mRNA lagundamiseks? Mrna lagundamine e degradatsioon. mRNA lagundamise mehhanismid eukarüootides: - tsütoplasmas 5´ 3´ ja 3´ 5` suunaliselt (eksonukleaasidega). - lagundamine tuumas vahetult peale sünteesi. - endonukleaasne lagundamine - lõhutakse molekulisiseseid sidemeid . - nonstop mediated decay (3` 5`), organellis eksosoom. - nonsense mediated decay 6. Milliseid nukleotiidseid järjestusi lagundatakse nonsense mediated decay mehhanismiga? Selle mehhanismi kasutamisega lagundatakse: Enneaegsete stop-koodonitega mRNAd. Upstream ORF asub mRNA 5´UTR (mitte-transleeritavas) regioonis. Liiga pikk 3´UTR (RNA polümeraas on ülesünteesinud mRNA-d). mRNAd, kus kasutatakse korraga erinevates lugemisraamides
.............................................3 What is nuclear energy?...................................................................................................................3 What is nuclear fusion?....................................................................................................................4 What is nuclear fission?...................................................................................................................4 What is radioactive decay?..............................................................................................................5 History of nuclear power......................................................................................................................6 Nuclear power today.............................................................................................................................7 The future of nuclear power.......................................................................
assotsieeruks mittefosforüülitud Polümeraas II C-terminusega, moodustades väga suure holoensüümi ning sisaldades ka enamuse generaalsetest transkriptsiooni faktoritest, toimides sillana ensüümi ja transkriptsioonifaktorite vahel. Ehk mediaator mõjutab otseselt transkriptsiooni preinitsiatsiooni kompleksi kokkupanekut. (Mediaatorkonpleks on vajalik edukaks transkriptsiooniks peaaegu kõikides II klassi geeni promootorites pärmis) Mida reguleerib nonsense mediated decay pathway? NMD on rakumehhanism mRNA jälgimiseks, et tuvastada nonsense mutatsioone ja ära hoida vigaste valkude ekspressiooni. Imetajates vallandab NMD exonjunction kompleks (eksonintron liides) (EJC), mis on algselt hoiustatud premRNA splicingu ajal. Tavaliselt EJC eemaldatakse ribosoomi abil esimeses mRNA translatsiooni ringis. Samas kui EJC leidub allavoolu nonsense koodonit, siis EJC on ikka mRNA küljes kui ribosoom
America. Climate: The average temperature in temperate forests is 50° F. Summers are mild, and average about 70° F, while winter temperatures are often well blow freezing. The average yearly precipitation is 30-60 inches. This precipitation falls throughout the year, but in the winter it falls as snow. There are four seasons in this biome, with warm summers and cold winters, often snowy. In autumn, the leaves change color and fall from the trees. The leaves decay on the forest floor, so the soil is very rich. Because of this, and because of the long growing season, many deciduous forests have been cut down for farming purposes. Plants: Trees of this biome include hardwoods such as maple, oak, hickory, and beech. There are often some evergreens, such as hemlock, spruce, and fir growing amongst them. Decidous forests have usually 3-5 layers of plants; Top layer, or canopy: tall deciduous trees.
It germinates on the stigma and grows down the style into the ovary, where fertilization takes place. 11. Name the most important stages in the life cycle of a plant. The most important stages in the life circle of a plant are: 1. Germination 5. The pollination and fertilization 2. The begin of photosynthesis 6. The production of fruit and seed 3. The stage of rapid vegetative 7. Decay of vegetative parts growth 8. The dispersal of seeds 4. Flowering of the plant Plant words 1. An alive seed- idanemisvõimeline seeme 2. An annual plant- üheaastane taim 3. Carbohydrates- süsivesikud 4. Clover- ristikhein 5. Decay of the vegetative parts of the plant- taime vegetatiivsete osade kuivamine 6. Durning the process oxygen is formed and relased into the air - selle protsessi käigus
Lördagsgodis (Saturday candy) Saturday is candy day in Sweden, and most children indulge only once a week. Upheld mostly to protect people’s teeth and prevent dental cavities, the tradition is historically linked to dubious medical practices. In the 1940s and 1950s, at Vipeholm Mental Hospital in Lund patients were used in a series of human experiments for research purposes, and fed large amounts of candy to intentionally cause tooth decay. Based on its findings in 1957 of the direct relationship between sweets and tooth decay, the Medical Board suggested Swedes eat candy only once a week — a tradition that is still upheld in many households today.
anymore. Food nearly won't exist anymore; energy will come in tablet form. Transport will be a lot comfortable and faster. Cars will be soundless and all vehicles will whir ten times faster. You will think nothing of taking a holiday in outer space. Students will learn from TV, recorders and teaching machines. They will get pills to make them learn faster. We shall be healthier, too. There will be no common colds, cancer, tooth decay or mental illness. But this will be artificial and impermanent. People will be lazier because they won't have to do any work and life will be extremely comfortable but boring. It looks that if everything will be so easy, people will probably die simply from boredom. It's the way I think the world will live in the next century - if there is any world left!
Essay. Is global climate change (global warming) man-made or not? Over the last hundred years the Earth has been warming. This warming is believed to lead to many issues such as increasing of nature disasters, weather changes and draught. All of these consequences could become a reason of economic decay in many countries, especially in some undeveloped countries. Therefore it is very important to find out who is guilty of the climate changing. Many people are confident that the reason of global warming is man made carbon dioxide. Over the last hundred years our society has been developing very fast: there has been built a huge amount of different factories, has been made so many inventions in all fields of human activity. Unfortunately only recently we
· He was heavily involved with contemporary social issues . · His romances and dramatic poems had a delirious effect on the European public. · Most popular poems were "Childe Harold ´s Pilgimage" and "Don Juan" John Keats (1795-1821) · He was a Poet, a surgeon's apprentice and a medical student · He had serious health problems throughout his life. · The main theme of his poetry is the conflict between the real world suffering,death and decay and the ideal world of beauty. · Love was also important theme in his work · He developed his own very distinctive style. · He is perhaps still the most widely read of the romantic poets.
to't/By Cock, they ,,I'm not young are to blame" enough to know everything." THEMES ABSURD surreal Unreasonable Monty Python Compared to The Beatles influence on music 3 of 6 voted among 50 greatest comedians ever THEMES MACABRE SURREAL AND Black humor CHAOTIC Grim and ghastly So bad, it's good atmosphere, decay, death Topics very seriously Humorous, satirical manner THEMES HUMOR ADULTS AND INHERENT IN CHILDREN EVERYDAY LIFE The war between May not be parents/teachers and apparet to children participants PRANKS AND PRACTICAL Depicting JOKES everyday life Practical joke on an The Office unsuspecting person
I'm a prodigy, Sonny, and I'm about to smack a bitch up! My music is 200 years old, and it's still excellent! In two more months the world will forget about your Skrillexcrement. I can't believe the way you dress when you dubstep out of the house You're like an emo Steve Urkel and you *ooh* reek of dead mouse! I am the world's greatest composer! No one knows what you are! Except a lonely little troll who knows how to press a spacebar! [Skrillex:] I attack! You decay! Can't sustain my releases! Sidechain, Wolfgang, Bangarang you to pieces I'm a selfmade man, you're a slave to your papa! I'm a rrrrock star, mix it with the bass and drop ya! Global! My strobes glow like Chernobyl! Kids explode and get mobile! No one even knows you! I make the whole world move! You play community theatre! I gained your same fame from home on a blown out speaker! [Mozart:] Oh yes, I've heard that EP, and see I transcribed it here
10B Unit 1 vocabulary fence tara, piirdeaed fibreglass klaaskiud abandon hülgama, maha jätma fitted kohaldatud, sisseehitatud absent from puuduv, äraolev fortress kindlus accuse of süüdistama from scratch nullist alates accustomed to harjumuspärane fuel bill kütte arve active toimekas, aktiivne fully furnished täielikult möbleeritud adventurous seiklushimuline guard rail käsipuu airy õhurikas harsh karm apologise vabandama, vabandust paluma hay fever heinapalavik appeal to meeldima humidifier õhuniisuti, niisuti appliance seade, tööriist hut...
Tropical rainforest is wetter than tropical deciduous forest. Both of these biomes have a warm climate all year long. Tropical deciduous forest has a well defined dry and a wet season. During the dry season, the trees in tropical deciduous forest lose their leaves. 4. Using the climate diagram describe the climate of the region (tropical rainforest/tropical deciduous forest). 5. Why are tropical rainforest soils not fertile? Because rapid bacterial decay prevents the accumulation of humus. 6. How do the soils in tropical deciduous forest differ from the soils in tropical rainforest? The soil in tdf has more nutrients, because the leaves fall down and trees grow more sparsely. 7. Describe the layers of tropical rainforest. Emergents forest giants, the trees there are 50m or more. Canopy a dence layer, the trees there are 20-30m. There can be found many hardwoods, such as mahagony. Understory a dark and a humid area,
Masque of Red Death") In the ,,ratiocinative" the effect comes from the use of rational analysis in reconstructing a series of events ("Murders in the Rue Morgue", "The Gold Bug") · The economy (tobacco had exhausted the soil) and also the spiritual life in Virginia was deteriorating (the democratic touch was disappearing, Virginia became a forgotten land). Apathetic, decadent moods took the place of daring theories and noble ideas. The motives of death, decay, destruction that permeate Poe's work present a strong contrast to the general spirit of American national life in the first half of the 19th century but in keeping the decadent atmosphere of Virginia · His stories and poems usually deal with love, beauty and death. He was concerned with the literary effect he could produce. In every genre, he explores the psyche. His heroes are tortured solitaries, often addicted to drink or drugs. He
1. Latter tagumine, viimane 2. Impend- tulekul olema 3. Credibility- tõsiseltvõetavus, usutavus 4. Rigorous- karm 5. Ostracize- tõrjuma 6. Decay- lagunema, kõdunema (bakteri või seene tõttu) 7. Encounter- kokku põrkama, kohtumine 8. Restorative- taastav 9. Prosthesis- protees 10. Longevity- pikaealisus, kestvusaeg 11. Plasticity- plastilisus, vormitavus (organismi võime kohaneda uue keskkonnaga) 12. Mastication- närimise, toidulagundamise protsess suus 13. Biocompatible- Kude mittekahjustav 14. Implement- rakendama, kasutusele võtma 15. Rational- mõistusepärane 16. Initiation- tõuge, aje 17. Odontogenesis- hamba areng 18. Counterpart- teisik, dublikaat 19. Confront- vastu astuma 20. Bone marrow- luuüdi 21. Imperative- kohustus 22. Taciturn- sõnaaher 23. Give rise to- põhjustama 24. Differentiate- eristuma, diferentseerima 25. Odontoblasts- rakud, mis sünteesivad dentiini 26. Enamel- hambaemail 27. Erupt- vallanduma 28. Formation- kuju...
Liha laagerdamine Liha kvaliteedi seisukohast on laagerdamine ülioluline. Miks? Ja miks suurtööstused seda enam ei tee? Laagerdamine = lihakarkassi või selle osa riputamine metallkonksu otsa teatud perioodiks. Seda tuleb teha kontrollitud jahedas ruumis, kus õhk ringi käib (ja kuhu kärbsed ligi ei pääse). Laagerdumise käigus naturaalsed ensüümid hakkavad liha lihaskiude töötlema, pehmendades neid ja muutes neid elastsemaks. Selle tulemusena muutub liha pehmemaks. Sisuliselt on see liha riknemise esimene etapp - aga see ongi eesmärk ("effectively this is the onset of the beginning of decay - but it's nothing to be alarmed about"). Õiges keskkonnas ei hakka liha roiskuma enne mitut nädalat või isegi kuud. Laagerdudes kaotab liha ka niiskust. Paradoksaalselt on see kokkamise seisukohast positiivne. Märg, värske, mittelaagerdunud liha sisaldab palju vett, kuumtöötlemisel vesi paisub, venitab-kisub lihaskiude ja voola...
superhero, the Phantom, who also wore a black mask with no visible eyes. II The Story of the Hero The fictional American Gotham City based on New York or more specifically, in the words of Finger it is "Manhattan below Fourteenth Street at eleven minutes past midnight on the coldest night in November." It is a dark place, a foreboding metropolis riddled with crime, corruption and urban decay. Bruce Wayne, a millionaire playboy, whose parents were murdered right in front of his eyes, took it upon himself to wage war on crime in Gotham city. He spent his life pursuing mental and physical perfection. However, he realized that pure strength and intelligence is not enough to fight the forces in Gotham. Figuring criminals are superstitious and cowardly, he
reaktsioon, selle reaktsiooniga või tuumajaamaga. 4. Kahjustused peavad otseselt olema seotud radioaktiivse materjaliga. Kuulsamad tuumakatastroofid Kõike kuulsamad tuumakatastroofid olid: Tsernoboli katastroof, SL-1 katastroof, Three Mile saare katastroof, Windscale tulekahju ja Mayak katastroof. Õnnetuse kategooriad 1. Kriitiline õnnetus- kogemata tekkinud ahelreaktsiooni mille tulemusel tekib õnnetus. 2. Decay Heat- reaktorite jahutamisel tekib viga ja reaktorid kuumenevad üle tekitades kahju. 3. Transport- radioaktiivse aine transportimisel tekkinud kahju. 4. Varustuse õnnetus 5. Inimviga 6. Kadunud kütus- radioaktiivse kütuse kadumine Statistika Maailmas on 438 tuumareaktorit(2000) ja need annavad u. 16% maailmas toodetavast energiast 83% sellest on omakorda toodetud lääneriikides. 2000. aasta lõpuks tootsid kõik tuumajaamad kokku 2447.56 terawatt tundi elektrit.
extracted a tooth (her eyetooth, actually), shaved it down and used it as a base for a plastic lens replacing her cornea. It was the first time the procedure, modified osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis, was performed in this country. The surgeon, Dr. Victor L. Perez, said it could help people with severely scarred corneas from chemical or combat injuries. Other techniques focus on delaying blindness, including one involving a capsule implanted in the eye to release proteins that slow the decay of light-responding cells. And with BrainPort, a camera worn by a blind person captures images and transmits signals to electrodes slipped onto the tongue, causing tingling sensations that a person can learn to decipher as the location and movement of objects. Ms. Campbell's artificial retina works similarly, except it produces the sensation of sight, not tingling on the tongue. Developed by Dr. Mark S. Humayun, a retinal surgeon at the University
siRNA-deks /miRNA-deks. Drosha tuumne RNaasIII perekonna ensüüm, mis viib läbi pri-miRNA lõikamise pre-miRNA-ks Pasha tuumne dsRNA-d siduv valk, mis interakteerub Droshaga, stabiliseerides kompleksi. Drosha ja Pasha moodustavad mikroprotsessori RLC RISC loading complex RISC-ile eelnev dsRNA valk kompleks üleminekul kaheahelalise siRNA lahtikeeramine 52. Nonsense-mRNA vahendatud lagundamine. Nonsense mediated decay ühe või enam eksoni vahele jätmine, mis põhjustab ekson-intron liidese vahetus 3' läheduses Stop koodoni sissetuleku. Kõigi korrektselt splaisitud mRNade puhul Stop koodon on viimases eksonis. Nonsense mediated decay vahendab kiiret mRNAde lgundamist, kus Stop koodonid esinevad mRNAs enne viimast splaisiliidest. Arvatakse, et osad ekson-intron liidese kompleksi valgud osalevad nonsense mediated decay's. Ekson-intron liidese kompleksid interakteeruvad vahetult deadenülaasi kompleksiga.
Rainforest: VÄGA PALJU VIHMA, temp 4-12 °C. ; Temperate deciduous forest: temp 20, kesk. vihm 5. Describe the soils of the. Temperate deciduous forest: Brown forest soils develop under the trees. Broadleaf trees tend to be nutrient-demanding and their leaves bind the major nutrient bases. The autumn leaf fall provides for an abundant and rich humus which begins to decay rapidly in spring just as the growing season begins. The humus content gives soil horizons a brown colour. Temperate rainforest: This forest has nutrient-rich soil because there is a lot of dead organic matter on the ground. This dead material is being slowly digested by the fungi, insects, and bacteria that live here. Temperate Grasslands: Calcification is the dominant soil-forming process in semiarid regions. When this process works on a loess that itself is rich in calcium, the
korrektselt komplementaarne, vaid on ka üksikuid mittepaardunud nukleotiide. See mittepaardunud nukleotiidide olemasolu eristab miRNAid siRNAdest. Kaksikahelalisi siRNAsid ja miRNAsid protsessitakse edasi multivalkkompleksis, mis sisaldab vaid üht RNA ahelat. See RNA-indutseeritud vaigistav kompleks (RISC) lõikab märklaud mRNA, mis on täpselt komplementaarne vastavale üksikahelalisele siRNAle, ahela katki. 45. Nonsense-mRNA vahendatud lagundamine (NMD). Nonsense mediated decay (NMD) ühe või enam eksoni vahele jätmine, mis põhjustab ekson-intron liidese vahetus 3' läheduses Stop koodoni sissetuleku. Kõigi korrektselt splaisitud mRNAde puhul Stop koodon on viimases eksonis. Nonsense mediated decay vahendab kiiret mRNAde lgundamist, kus Stop koodonid esinevad mRNAs enne viimast splaisiliidest. 46. Mis vahe on inteiinil ja intronil? Eeldades et sõnale inteiin vastab ing.k vaste Intein, siis vahe on ilmne: üks on valk, teine DNA lõik. Inteiin on
English literature is one of the oldest literatures in Europe; dates back to the 6th century AD. Oral literature, i.e. not written down, spread from person to person. In 449 AD Anglo-‐Saxon tribes invaded England – beginning of the Anglo-‐Saxon period in English literature. The first form of literature was folklore, carried by scops and gleemen, who sang in alliterative verse (a kind of simple poetry). Prose developed much later. The first form of recorded English literature was the epic Beowulf, which was produced sometime near the end of the 7th and beginning of the 8th century. It has no ...
A 1. A border äärepeenar 2. A brand new plot- uhiuus ala 3. A coherent system sidev süsteem 4. A curved lawn kaarjas muru 5. A fencing screen puuaed, vahesein 6. A flower bed lillepeenar 7. A focal point keskpunkt 8. A fruit plot puuviljaaed 9. A garden shed katusealune aed 10. A gravel area kruusaga kaetud ala 11. A hedge hekk 12. A hidden area varjatud ala 13. A lawn muru 14. A natural boundary of trees and hedges 15. A path kõnnitee 16. A patio terass, siseõu 17. A screen-block wall kiviaed 18. A shady area varjus olev ala 19. A specimen shrub ilupõõsas 20. A sunny area päikeseline ala 21. A vegetable plot juurviljaaed 22. Abandoned mines- mahajäetud miinid 23. Absorb- neelab, imeb sisse 24. Abundant color- külluslik värv 25. Accented- õhuline 26. Accessible ligipääsetav 27. Accommodate ...
M Ä L U .... on elusa organismi võime omandada, säilitada ja taastada (st kasutada) vajalikke teadmisi, oskusi ja harjumusi (e kogemust) · Mälu on pigem organismi omadus v. seisund. Me ei saa mälu otseselt defineerida, vaid saame ainult tuletada selle olemasolu subjektil tema tegevuse resultaadist (mälu olemas kõigil kõrgematel ja paljudel alamatel evolutsiooni arenguastmetel olevatel loomadel, kuna saab rääkida õppimisest ja selle erivormidest). MÄLU STRUKTUUR ehk MÄLU LIIGITUS Mälu struktuur ehk mälu liigitamine viitab sellele kuidas mälu on organiseeritud. Organiseerimise alused võivad olla erinevad. Eksperim.tõendeid, et on õigustatud vähemalt 3 liigitust: I.Materjali säilimise aja alusel II.Eri tüüpi oskuste ja teadmiste alusel III.Teadvustatuse taseme alusel I.) Materjali säilimise aeg: sensoorne mälu (SM), lühiajaline mälu (STM) ja pikaajaline mälu (LTM) Hermann Ebbinghaus (1885) `On Memory' : - mälu teadusliku uurimise alg...
Thermoplastic Piping Design Waterhammer Analysis & Design Comparison with other materials Pump trip/start Valve opening/closing times Wavespeed Column separation Methods of prevention Waterhammer Analysis & Design Benefits of ABS Disadvantages of ABS Low modulus hence low Low pressure rating wavespeed (celerity) and Low surface hence low increased pressure roughness delays Instantaneous stress pressure decay Longer valve closure property values Vacuum Resistance times Fatigue Resistance Notches at sockets Increased number of Elastic Follow On supports Waterhammer Analysis & Design ABS has lower wave speed than PVC and GRP Wavespeed for steel 1100-1400 m/s Wavespeed varies with support design and jointing Waterhammer Analysis & Design A separate demonstration of waterhammer
English Literature ,Victoria Age 1) Overview of the Victorian age · Periodization During the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) · Why is the Victorian Age compared to the Elizabethan Age? Both are associated with the reign of a very popular queen; Victorian age idealised the Elizabethan Age; many changes in different fields- economy, religion etc.; focusing more on people's attitudes, political developments etc; Victorian age was inspired by Elizabethan era; Britain became an empire · What were the most important changes in politics, religion and social life that occurred during the Victorian age? Politics: 1848 Chartist movement (voting right for the working class); women's suffrage movements; feminist outburst (wanted to have business openly; own property, voting etc.); world dominion (British empire); Economy: Industrialization; urbanization (people moved to towns no agriculture & food); laissez- faire eco...
Kordamisküsimused: MÄLU (Gleitman jt 8.ptk JA/VÕI E.Tulvingu „Mälu“ 1.ptk + loengumaterjal) 1. Mälu struktuur (ajalise säilimise alusel) – sensoorne, töömälu (lühiajaline mälu) ja pikaajaline mälu. Kirjelda neid mäluliike ning nende omavahelist seost (lähtudes Atkinsoni ja Shiffrini staadiumide teooriast). Mis mõjutab unustamist nendes mälusüsteemides? Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968): Hoidlamudel koosneb 3 põhiüksusest: Sensoorne mälu, Lühiajaline hoidla ja Pikaajaline mälu. · Mälu on nagu raamatukogu, kus mälestused asuvad teatud kohtades · Meenutamine on otsing leidmaks teatud spetsiifilisi mälestusi · Mälu toimib erinevate hoidlate süsteemina - on sensoorne, lühiajaline ja pikaajaline hoidla Sensoorne mälu - sinna pääseb sensoorne info, kuid sealt väljuvad asjad, millele tähelepanu ei pöörata. See, millele tähelepanu pööratakse, liigub edasi töö- ehk lühimällu. · Modaalsusspetsiifiline - igal me...
patchy clouds, letting a sliver of night sky fall onto the caged mirror of the 200-inch (508- centimeter) Hale Telescope. Caltech astronomer Avishay Gal-Yam had two hours before the supernova would dip too low in the sky for the telescope to see it. Still more luminous than a billion suns, the supernova outshone the combined light from all the stars in its home galaxy, glowing white-hot from the radioactive decay of unstable nickel atoms forged in the explosion. Gal-Yam pointed to a computer screen showing a squiggly line--the glow broken down into its component colors, or wavelengths. Each dip in the line represented a wavelength of light absorbed by a different element--silicon, cobalt, calcium, iron--in the debris of the star. Destruction and creation were conjoined on the screen. The elements revealed there, like those
Only death gives a salvation. He grew up in Virginia (southern state) the society was rather aristocratic in structure, there were planters at the top of the structure, white people without any means, and slaves. Poe supported the agrarian democracy. The agriculture of Virginia has been declining for decades, because tobacco had exhausted the land. As a result farmers became very poor, they were forced to move. Virginia the land of decay. One of the dominant moods was that of decadents and pessimism. Poe had neither land, slaves he was poor. Poe defended slavery, he defended the right of poverty. He regarded abolitionism as an attack on property. He was very sceptical about democracy, he believed that in America it meant mobrule (rule of crowds). Yet he thought he belonged to upper class of society. Southern chivalrick idea the famous southern myth (the southerners believed that they're somehow superior to
miRNAde ja siRNAde vahendatud protsessid on väga sarnased. RNA-indutseeritud vaigistav kompleks (RISC) lõikab märklaud mRNA, mis on täpselt komplementaarne vastavale üksikahelalisele siRNAle, ahela katki. RISC kompleks funktsioneerib ka kui translatsiooni inhibiitorid. Dicer samuti funktsioneerib Droshast allavoolu, et produtseerida täiskasvanud miRNA-d, mis nagu siRNA, on sulatatud geeni vaigistavatesse kompleksidesse nimega RNA-indutseeritud vaigistavad kompleksid. 45. Nonsense mediated decay ühe või enam eksoni vahele jätmine, mis põhjustab ekson-intron liidese vahetus 3' läheduses Stop koodoni sissetuleku, mis kuulub mRNA järelvalve mehanismide hulka. Ta vahendab kiiret mRNAde lgundamist, kus Stop koodonid esinevad mRNAs enne viimast splaisiliidest. 46. Inteiin proteiini segment, mis on võimeline eemaldama ennast ja taasühenema eksteiini peptiidsidemega. Nad on väga võimekas proteiini splisingus. Intron on eukarüootse
kasutatakse kromosoomi alade täpsemaks kirjeldamiseks. (FISH kasutab fluorestsents proobe, mis seonduvad ainult neile kromosoomi piirkondadele, kus nad näitavad kõrget taset järjestuse sarnasuses). MAR (matrix attachment region) on spetsiifiline DNA järjestus, mille kaudu seotakse kiududeks keeratud nukleosoomid valgumaatriksile. Ehk siis nende regiooni abil organiseeritakse kromatiin strukturaalseteks üksusteks. Nonsense mediated decay (NMD) ühe või enam eksoni vahele jätmine, mis põhjustab ekson-intron liidese vahetus 3' läheduses Stop koodoni sissetuleku. Kõigi korrektselt splaisitud mRNAde puhul Stop koodon on viimases eksonis. Nonsense mediated decay vahendab kiiret mRNAde lgundamist, kus Stop koodonid esinevad mRNAs enne viimast splaisiliidest. Muteerides uuritavat transkriptsiooni regulaatorit nii, et see enam ei funktsioneeri, tuleb kaardistada muutus geeniekspressioonis
He proposed to her and they married on May 29, 1884 in Paddington, London. Wilde died of cerebral meningitis on November 30, 1900. Different opinions are given as to the cause of the meningitis · Ravenna (1878) · Poems (1881) · The Sphinx (1894) Vera; or, The Nihilists (1880) The Duchess of Padua (1883) The Canterville Ghost (1887) The Happy Prince and Other Stories (1888, fairy tales) The Decay Of Lying (First published in 1889, republished in Intentions 1891) Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and Other Stories Edward Morgan Forster Edward Morgan Forster (1 January 18797 June 1970), was an English novelist, short story writer, and essayist. He is known best for his ironic and well-plotted novels examining class difference and hypocrisy in early 20th-century British society. Forster's humanistic impulse
feedstock production will release significant amounts for GHG emissions. Soil and plant mass are the largest active stores of carbon on the Earth. Converting native habitats to cropland can release CO2 as a result of burning the biomass. After a rapid GHG release from an initial fire to burn the original biomass, there will still be a long prolonged period, when GHG is released, as coarse roots and root branches decay. It has been estimated that clearing land would release between 17-420 times more CO 2 than the annual GHG emissions the biofuels would save by replacing fossil fuels (Farigone, 2008). Another study has concluded that converting forests and grasslands to new croplands can double the GHG emissions for 30 years (Searchinger, T. 2008). Despite the real threat to deforestation, some studies suggest that biofuels can be successfully
"- recurring characters, travel from one novel to another: Thomas Sutpen, Joe Christmas, Dilsey Gibson and Quantin Compson. After 1936 was the period of relative decline in his talent and he still produced important pieces. ,,Snopes" trilogy and the famous short story ,,The Bear" and ,,Go down, Moses" 1942. Faulkner is famous for creating his own world, his own setting- Yoknapatawpha County-Jefferson as its capital. Signs of decay, the roads are dusty, the town is surrounded by swomps, the two rivers seem smooth but can be wild and destructive. His fictional world actually embraces several civilizations, it embraces the native americans and the black slaves, he describes the disintegration of southern culture after the civil war, the cheap materialism of later industrial society, fragmented 20th century, where moral codes have become mechanical rituals. Each of his books describe the towns experience that we get
sinikas, kanarbik, kukemari, küüvits ja Ida-Eestis ka hanevits. Hare´s-tail and cloudberry represent the herbs. Bog mosses dominate the moss layer. Rohttaimi esindavad tupp-villpea ja murakas. Samblarindes domineerib turbasammal.(rabasamblad). FULL- DRAINED SWAMP FORESTS KÕDUSOOMETSAD The specitic features of this group of types are the intensively drained bog soils with horizons of forest litter and of well-decomposed peat decay as well as the ground vegetation characteristic of forests on mineral soil. Selle grupi spetsiifilised tunnused on nii hästi kuivendatud turbamullad, metsakõduhorisont ja hästilagunenud kõduturvas nagu ka iseloomulik alustaimestik arumetsas. See on nüüd tõlkija tõlge - Sellele metsatüübile on spetsiifiliseks tunnuseks hästi kuivendatud horisondiga ja metsaprahiga soomuld ja hästi lagunenud turbaga kõdu, samuti nagu alustaimestu on iseloomulik mineraalmuldade metsadele.
SISSE- JA VÄLJAJUHATUS Mis on psüühika? Psüühika võimaldab objektiivse tegelikkuse tunnetamist ja sellele vastavat käitumist. Miks inimesed käituvad just nii nagu nad käituvad? Sest neil on just selline aju, nagu neil on. Miks on aju just selline ja mitte teistsugune? Sest seda on kujundanud looduslik valik. LOODUSLIK VALIK: mutatsioon loob variatsiooni; kahjulikud mutatsioonid langevad ebasoodsa valiku alla; paljunemine ja mutatsioonid leiavad aset; kasulikud mutatsioonid püsivad tõenäolisemalt ja paljunevad. MILLISED INIMESE MUTATSIOONID ON VALITUKS OSUTUNUD? Need, mis aitasid kütil-korilasel toime tulla kohastumuslike probleemidega 1,6 miljoni aasta jooksul. INFO TÖÖTLEMINE -> EESMÄRGILE SUUNATUD KÄITUMINE: ootamisprogramm, toitumisprogramm, liikumisprogramm. KÕRGEMAD PSÜÜHILISED PROTSESSID EELDAVAD REPRESENTEERIMIST - ehk info kodeeritakse seesmisteks sõnalisteks ja pildilisteks kujutl...
Aino Mölder Vanade pargipuude hooldamine Luua 2010 Trükis ilmub DEVEPARKI projekti (ajalooliste parkide säästlik haldamine ja arendamine Soomes ja Eestis – Sustainable historic park management and development in Finland and Estonia) raames. Projekti toetab Kesk- Läänemere programmi Lõuna-Soome – Eesti alamprogramm Raamatut jagatakse tasuta Aino Mölder Vanade pargipuude hooldamine Retsensent Sulev Järve Toimetaja Veiko Belials Fotod Aino Mölder ja Veiko Belials Kaanefotod: Veiko Belials (Gooti allee Luua pargis; arborist; Pühajärve sõjatamm) ISBN SISUKORD Eessõna............................................................................................................................................. 4 1. Puuhoolduse bioloogilised alused........................................................................... 5 1.1. Puu kui liivakell..............
püganud veits, siis C3 pügab järgmist jne – kaskaad. Järjestikuline zümogeenne kaskaad (võrreldav hüübimis ja kiniinse kaskaadiga). Komplemendi süsteemi valgud (nomenklatuur) C1(qrs), C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9 faktorid B, D, H ja I, properdiin (P) mannosi siduv lektiin (MBL), MBL seotud seriin proteaas (MASP-1 MASP-2) C1 inhibiitor (C1-INH, serpiin), C4-binding protein (C4-BP), decay accelerating factor (DAF), sellise protsessi reguleerimiseks on vajlikud inhibiitorid C1 receptor (CR1) – plaju sellistel rakkudel nagu erütrotsüüdid, on prügivedajad, kui antikeha on seostunud antigeeniga ja üles leitud komplemendi süsteemiga kogu see kompleks seotakse selle retseptori vahendusel retseptori külge ja viiakse põrna, protein-S (vitronectin) C1 (C1qr2s2) 750kD C1q 6A-24kD, 6B-23kD,6C-22kD
Kordamisküsimused MOLEKULAAR- JA RAKUBIOLOOGIA EKSAM 2011 KEEMILINE SIDE 1. Keemilise sideme tüübid (kovalentne, mitte-kovalentne vesinik-, ioon-, van der Waalsi ja hüdrofoobne side). Keemilise sideme omadused. Sideme energia, pikkus, küllastatavus, suund. 2. Miks vesi on hea lahusti (solvent)? Sest moodustuvad vesiniksidemed. 3. Termodünaamika II seadus. Isoleeritud süsteemis kulgevad kõik protsessid entroopia kasvu suunas. 4. Mis on kiraalsus ja kuidas seda kasutab loodus? Üks asümmeetriline aatom on kovalentselt seotud nelja erineva aatomi või rühmaga; enamik suhkruid on D isomeerid, aminohapped L isomeerid, ka ensüümid on kiraalsed. ravimitööstus? Sünteesitakse ravimühendte enantiomeere, mida ensüümid seoksid ning millel oleks vajalik toime. Tihti omab bioloogilist aktiivsust vaid üks isomeer ning ravimitööstuses kasutatakse seda bioloogiliselt aktiivsemate ainete saamiseks, looduses mitmekesisuse tõstmiseks....
rather than implicit(kaudne, varjatud), access to such traditionally inexplicable concepts as emotion or colour. The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock. Described as a "drama of literary anguish," it presents a stream of consciousness in the form of a dramatic monologue, and marked the beginning of Eliot's career as an influential poet. With its weariness, regret, embarrassment, longing, emasculation, sexual frustration, sense of decay, and awareness of mortality, Prufrock has become one of the most recognized voices in modern literature. fragmentation as typical features of the modern world and human condition (The Waste Land, The Hollow Men) 8. Virginia Woolf: an innovative writer and a feminist classic. A troubled life on the verge of madness. Bloomsbury group. Woolf's modernist aesthetic. Peculiarities of Woolf's stream of consciousness. Joyce's and Woolf's stream of consciousness. The problem of
of poetry in which politics played a major part. In the 1930s Socialist realism became the predominant trend in Russia. Its leading figure was Maxim Gorky, who laid the foundations of this style with his works The Mother and his play The Enemies (both 1906). His autobiographical trilogy describes his journey from the poor of society to the development of his political consciousness. His novel The Artamanov Business (1925) and his play Egor Bulyshov (1932) depict the decay and inevitable downfall of Russia's ruling classes. Gorky defined socialist realism as the "realism of people who are rebuilding the world," and points out that it looks at the past "from the heights of the future's goals". Gorky considered the main task of writers to help in the development of the new man in socialist society. Gorky's version of a heroic revolutionary is Pavel Vlasov from the novel The Mother, who displays selflessness and compassion for the working poor, as well as
becomes enraged. Vronsky doesn't know how to handle her. He leaves the house. Anna sends him a note apologizing, but it doesn't get there in time. She sends the servant to Vronsky's mother's house. She even goes over to Dolly's, where she ends up meeting with Kitty. She instantly thinks Vronsky wishes he married Kitty. She purposely tells Kitty how charming Levin was when they met that night, intending to make Kitty jealous. But Kitty doesn't get jealous. She instead feels sorry for a woman in decay When Anna gets home she receives a note from Vronsky saying he won't be back that night until 10. She is angry with him and decides to go to his mother's to see him sooner. She doesn't understand that he never received her apologetic note, so he isn't aware of her feelings. Anna hops onto the carriage to head to the train station, so she can go to Vronsky's mother's home. There, she hurts herself by envisioning Vronsky and the Princess together
produced inside the earth to heat buildings or generate electricity. Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source because the water is replenished by rainfall and the heat is continuously produced inside the earth. 42 13.1 Energy inside the earth Geothermal energy is generated in the earth's core, about 4,000 miles below the surface. Temperatures hotter than the sun's surface are continuously produced inside the earth by the slow decay of radioactive particles, a process that happens in all rocks. The earth has a number of different layers: · The core itself has two layers: a solid iron core and an outer core made of very hot melted rock, called magma. · The mantle which surrounds the core and is about 1,800 miles thick. It is made up of magma and rock. · The crust is the outermost layer of the earth, the land that forms the continents and ocean floors
1. (a) (i) gene length of DNA; codes for a (specific), polypeptide / protein / RNA; max 1 allele alternative form of a gene; found at a, locus / particular position on, a chromosome; max 1 (ii) assume allele refers to coat colour allele (coat colour) gene / alleles, only on X chromosome; A no (coat colour), gene / allele, on Y chromosome male cats, XY / only have one X chromosome; males have only one (coat colour) allele / cannot have two (coat colour) alleles; need black and orange alleles for tortoiseshell colour; 2 r r w w (b) parental genotypes C C × C C ; r w ...
ADP AOLserver Dynamic Pages + Automatic Data Processing ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation ADR Address ADS Application Development Solutions [AT&T] + Application Development System + Automatic Distribution System ADSC Address Status Changed + Adobe Document Structuring Conventions ADSI Active Directory Service Interface [Microsoft] + Analog Display Services Interface ADSL (See DSL) ADSP AppleTalk Datastream Protocol ADSR Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release ADT Abstract Data Type + Application Data Types ADU Automatic Dialing Unit AE Above or Equal AEB Analog Expansion Bus [Dialogic] AEC Architecture, Engineering, Construction AEM Asynchronous Event Mechanism .AERO Aviation Industry (Domain Name) [Internet] AES Advanced Encryption Standard AESA ATM End System Address AF Auxiliary carry Flag AFA Accelerated File Access AFC Antiferro-Magnetically Coupled (media) [IBM] +
disappear, as of course they will. Their very identity that was based on them is then threatened with collapse. In either case, ugly or beautiful, people derive a significant part of their identity, be it negative or positive, from their body. To be more precise, they derive their identity from the I-thought that they erroneously attach to the mental image or concept of their body, which after all is no more than a physical form that shares the destiny of all forms- impermanence and ultimately decay. Equating the physical sense-perceived body that is destined to grow old, wither, and die with “I” always leads to suffering sooner or later. To refrain from identifying with the body doesn't mean that you neglect, despise, or no longer care for it. If it is strong, beautiful, or vigorous, you can enjoy and appreciate those attributes – while they last. You can also improve the body's condition through right nutrition and exercise. If you don't' equate
või valk (+ transporditav kompleks). tuumast välja – tuuma eksport eksportiinidega (neid on palju, nt eksportiin 5 vastutab enamiku RNA transpordi eest). cargo – ülekantav üksus. Tsütoplasmas läheb (m)RNA kasutusse. Valgud, millega koos RNA läbi poori tuli (= eksportiinid), vabanevad ja nad lähevad tuuma tagasi (selleks vastav impordi järjestus). Tuum poorist läbi, BGTP hüdrolüüsi abil. Nonsense Medicated Decay (NMD) geneetiline mehhanism, mis viib vigaste RNA-de lagundamisele. RNA kvaliteedi kontrolli mehhanism. Tuleb välja uurida, kas polümeer on hea või halb, läheb vaja või mitte. Paljudes rakkudes on see koht-spetsiifiline protsess. Uued geenid tekivad tihti pimesi nt. Ig kokkupanek. Ig variaalsed osad on N-otsas. Mutatsioonid toimuvad valgu alguses. Lähevad valesse raami/ stoppkoodon. Iga B-lümfotsüüt sünteesib ainult ühte – üks on aktiivne. Rakk on kasutu, kui sünteesib valet
requirements, and it is also a challenge for property developers and housing associations. 16.1 The technical condition and defects of building envelope and load-bearing structures Despite advanced years, the load-bearing structures of the wooden apartment buildings examined were in a satisfactory condition. Nevertheless rot damage exists in many cases. The wood bore samples taken during the study revealed that 69% of the buildings showed wood rot decay. 27% of the samples taken from the lower logs of the external wall, roof rafters and floor beams were damaged by the wood rotting fungi. 10% of the buildings had some damage from wood rotting fungi in the bottom beam of the external wall. The load- bearing structures of two buildings were damaged by dry rot (Serpula Lacrymans). Envelope structures such as siding, exterior window sills, rainwater drainage, and roof
not found fulfilment, illegals, enormous crowds of colonists, retired Russian servicemen, a hard burden to the natives pressurised continuously.3 Observing from the world level, we have been able to add some firm building blocks into the large edifice of musical creation of mankind and to promote the moving process towards the Ideal. For a very long time, there has existed hunger for genuine beauty and animation in music able to feed human souls in this mundane world full of meanness, decay and crises. This should be expressed by pure, simple, balanced mediums, in more cheerful tomes, under the leaden sky. The highest mission of all the arts is the elevation of human being through beauty concealed in the Self. There is a great need of Light! This has been implanted in the heart of everyone and can be made visible and active. Symphonic music is an essential demonstrator of spirituality in Western cultures
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