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example, "Richard is a gorilla," which the Naive Simile Theory would parse
as "Richard is like a gorilla." Let us suppose that what is meant is that Richard
is like a gorilla in being fierce, nasty, prone to violence, and perhaps not
very bright. But primatologists tell us that, in fact, gorillas are not nasty or
prone to violence; they are shy, rather sensitive, and very intelligent animals.
Likewise pigs, which figure in many metaphors imputing messiness, filth,
greed, obesity, crassness, or some combination of those: I myself know of no
evidence that pigs are particularly greedy, or that they are fatter relative to
their skeletal size than other animals are.8
One might think that Fogelin has easily avoided this new objection, for
when a simile is figurative it does not require the actual correctness of the
relevant stereotype. "Sam acts like a gorilla" and "Merle eats like a pig" are
correctly expressed and understood despite the fact that the two stereotypes
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