he called conversational implicature. According to Grice, the conversational norm-in-chief is the Cooperative Principle: (CP) Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk-exchange in which you are engaged. Implicative relations 159 (CP) may sound vacuous, but it summarizes a set of corollaries that are any- thing but. Grice calls the corollaries "conversational maxims." Here are a few (the numbering is mine). (M1) Make your contribution to a conversation as informative as is required (for the current purposes of the exchange). [Call this the "Maxim of Strength."] (M2) Do not make your contribution more informative than is required. (M3) Do not say what you believe to be false. [The Maxim of Truthfulness.]
"In . . . the majority of ciphers," he wrote, "it is only the existence of redundancy in.the original messages that makes a solution possible." This is the very basis of codebreaking. Shannon has here given an explanation for the constancy of letter frequency, and hence for the phenomena that depend on it, such as crypt- analysis. He has thus made possible, for the first time, a fundamental understanding of the process of cryptogram solution. From this insight flow several corollaries. It follows that the lower the redundancy, the more difficult it is to solve a cryptogram. Shannon's own two extremes of redundancy illustrate this. The last few words of Finnegans Wake are these: "End here. Us then. Finn, against! Take. Bussoftlee, mememormee! Till thousendsthee. Lps. The keys to. Given! A way a lone a last a loved a long the." This would interpose distinctly more difficulties to a cryptanalyst than a portion of the New Testament in
annaabi.ee 
