Formaldehyde Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable gas at room temperature. It has a pungent, distinct odor and may cause a burning sensation to the eyes, nose, and lungs at high concentrations. Formaldehyde is also known as methanal, methylene oxide, oxymethylene, methylaldehyde, and oxomethane. Formaldehyde can react with many other chemicals, and it will break down into methanol (wood alcohol) and carbon monoxide at very high temperatures. Formaldehyde is naturally produced in very small amounts in our bodies as a part of our normal, everyday metabolism and causes us no harm. It can also be found in the air that we breathe at home
2) Prevention measures against radiation exposure to radon in well waters: Analysis of the present situation in Finland 3) Radon in drinking water and cancer mortality: An ecological study in Japan 4) Temporal changes in water quality at a childhood leukemia cluster 5) Health risk by radon in drinking and sanitary water: Assessment and control techniques 6) Kriging radon concentrations of groundwaters in western ardennes 7) Direct comparison of three methods for the determination of radon in well water 8) Childhood cancer mortality and radon concentration in drinking water in North Carolina 9) Naturally occurring radionuclides in drinking water: An exercise in risk benefit analysis 10) Analysis of groundwater for cadmium contamination in some districts of Uttar Pradesh, India (?)
largest country in the world in area. The capital city is Washington D.C. The major caracteristic of the United States is probably its great variety. Itranges from the Arctic to the subtropical, from the moist rain forest to the arid desert, from the rugged mountain peak to the flat prairie. Althought the total population of the United States is large by world standartst, over 302 million. The country embraces some of the world´s largest urban concentrations as well as some of the most extensive areas that are almost devoid of habitation. The population is highly diverse. In addition to native Americans and the descendants of Africans taken as slaves to America, the national character has been enriched. As to its history, the United States is a relatively young countrybut first of the European colonies to separate succsessfully from its motherland. The United States achieved its
Humans are changeing the planet with their ordinary life. The principle cause of climate change is the increase in carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. The main cause of that is the burning of fossile fuels. This is leading to the global warming. People have discovered a way to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. It is possible to seperate the CO2 from the other gases by adding liquid which is very good at absorbing CO2. Then it can be pumped to underground. Scientist came up with this idea because methane gas has been down there for thousands of years and it has not come up. So they expect that the CO2 won't
13.Because it is consistent with the lack of warming reflected in atmospheric temperatures averaged across the region. 14.The last time the polar regions were significantly warmer than present was about 125,000 years ago. 15.The sea level was probably 4 to 6 m higher during the last interglacial period. 16.It would change at a rate of about 0.1°C per decade. 17.During 1990-2005 the global temperature has increased between 0.15 °C and 0.3 °C per decade. 18.If greenhouse gas concentrations were stabilized, anthropogenic warming and sea level rise would continue for centuries.
10...12% further increase in pulse rate, performance failure, increased absence (Erdmann and Apte, 2004) giddiness, poor judgement and blue lips. Mental failure, nausea, vomiting, fainting, • Serious health impacts: 8...10% – concentrations > 20,000 ppm cause deepened breathing; unconsciousness, blue lips, ashen face. – concentrations > 40,000 ppm increases respiration markedly; 8 minutes may be fatal in 50...100% of exposures, – concentrations > 100,000 ppm causes visual disturbances 6...8% and tremors and has been associated with loss of
Antibiotics are one of the greatest success stories of modern medicine – they have transformed our lives. But they may now be endangering lives, too. I chose three articles on the issue that dissert the topic of antibiotics in wastewater. To begin with, for years scientists have been aware of the potential problems of antibiotics being present in wastewater. For now, the research of engineering professor Olya Keen is showing that treatments to clean wastewater may actually be creating new antibiotics and further contributing to the development of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Keen is studying doxycycline, one of the widely used class of antibiotics. Their research to date is showing that chlorine used to treat wastewater is actually changing the makeup of the doxycycline and forming new antibiotics. Subsequently, the question arises: how do all the antibiotics find their way into wastewater? Olya Keen answers: ”Those that a...
3% speak French only, and 17.7% speak both). English and French Official Language Communities, defined by First Official Language Spoken, constitute 73.0% and 23.6% of the population respectively. Although 85% of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec, there are substantial Francophone populations in Ontario, Alberta and southern Manitoba, with an Acadian population in the northern and southeastern parts of New Brunswick constituting 35% of that province's population, as well as concentrations in Southwestern Nova Scotia and on Cape Breton Island. Ontario has the largest French-speaking population outside Quebec. The Charter of the French Language in Quebec makes French the official language in Quebec, and New Brunswick is the only province to have a statement of official bilingualism in the constitution. Other provinces have no official languages as such, but French is used as a language of instruction, in courts, and for other government services in addition to English
Initially, alcohol produces feelings of relaxation and cheerfulness, but as a result of further consumption blurred vision and coordination problems generally occure. As far as cell membranes are concerned they are highly permeable to alcohol, once alcohol is in the bloodstream it can diffuse into nearly every biological tissue of the body. Excessive drinking may lead to unconsciousness or alcohol poisoning. Death can also occur. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on the subject. Depending on the BAC (blood alcohol concentration) there are different states the consumer may end up: euphoria, lethargy , confusion, stupor, coma. Therefore it is important to have control over alcohol intake in order to avoid coma while the goal is euphoria. Allthough when taking a next beer, following mornings hangover seems to be the main
GLOBAL WARMING Global warming is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of Earth's climate system. Since 1971, 90% of the increased energy has been stored in the oceans, mostly in the 0 to 700m region. Despite the oceans' dominant role in energy storage, the term "global warming" is also used to refer to increases in average temperature of the air and sea at Earth's surface. Since the early 20th century, the global air and sea surface temperature has increased about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth's surface than any preceding decade since 1850. More than 90% certain that most of global warming was being caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities.In 2010 that finding was recognized by the national science academies of all majo...
Aim of the work The determination of the concentrations of acid and base solutions through titration. Used compounds HCl solution with an unknown concentration. NaOH solution with a known accurate concentration, indicators phenolphthalein (ff/pp) and methyl red (mp/mr). Equipment Conical flasks (250 cm3), 2 burettes (25 cm3), pipette (10 cm3). Procedure A. Determining the concentration of a hydrochloric acid solution through titration 1. To determine the concentration of the acid solution take the NaOH solution with a known concentration (the standard solution) and pour it into the burette (α in figure 2.2). See that there are no air bubbles near the tip. Fill the burette until the 0-point of the scale. When measuring the level of the solution keep your eyes at the same level with the liquid level. The lower edge of the liquid level has to be at the 0 calibration mark (see fi...
· As exercise intensity slows or during recovery sufficient O2 available again NAD scavenges H+ from lactate and takes it to the ETC lactate reconverts to pyruvate to join oxidative system. Cont... · Lactate helps the dissociation of O 2 from haemoglobin · At higher intensities of exercise lactate production outstrips the cell's removal capacity, thus accumulation occurs. Cont... · Endurance trained: lower blood lactate concentrations than untrained individuals at both the same relative and absolute intensity. Due to either a delay in the onset of lactate production or facilitate a more rapid rate of removal from the cell Lactate as a Fuel · Cori cycle = lactate liver converted to glucose to muscle muscle glycogen. Lactate Threshold · As exercise intensity increases, blood levels of lactic acid begins to rise exponentially. · Lactate Threshold is defined as the VO2 or
available, 365 days a year. It's relatively inexpensive. There are three types of geothermal power plants: dry steam, flash, and binary. Geothermal energy is generated in over 20 countries. The United States is the world's largest producer. In Iceland, many of the buildings and even swimming pools are heated with geothermal hot water. Negative aspects of geothermal energy The main concern is the release of hydrogen sulfide, a gas that smells like rotten egg at low concentrations. Another concern is the disposal of some geothermal fluids, which may contain low levels of toxic materials. Although geothermal sites are capable of providing heat for many decades, eventually specific locations may cool down. Biomass energy Biomass is any material that comes from plants or microorganisms that were recently living. Trees, branches, scraps of bark, and recycled paper are common sources of biomass energy. Manure, garbage, and crops such as corn, soy, and
Places like Mexico City and Sao Paulo have some of the most deadly pollution levels in the world. EFFECTS Air pollution is responsible for major health effects. Every year, the health of countless people is ruined or endangered by air pollution. Many different chemicals in the air affect the human body in negative ways. Just how sick people will get depends on what chemicals they are exposed to, in what concentrations, and for how long. Studies have estimated that the number of people killed annually in the US alone could be over 50,000. Older people are highly vulnerable to diseases induced by air pollution. Those with heart or lung disorders are under additional risk. Children and infants are also at serious risk. Because people are exposed to so many potentially dangerous pollutants, it is often hard to know exactly which pollutants are responsible for causing sickness
· Exact population composition unknown, · Burnt in 1313 by Swedes but included Finnish, Scandinavian and later also Slavonic elements · Finnish component included Karelian, Veps, Votic and probably Estonians and maybe even other tribes, but not known to which degree they had by that time acquired separate linguistic/cultural identities beyond the one deriving from their home area CORE FINDINGS 8001300 CE Few CLEAR CONCENTRATIONS OF DOESN'T MEAN ELSEWHERE HAD BEEN POPULATION EMPTY, JUST NOT FOUND YET Click to edit Master text styles Click to edit Master text styles Second level Second level Third level Third level Fourth level Fourth level Fifth level Fifth level KURKIJOKI
They are found in all environmental compartments, are persistent and, being fat soluble, they tend to accumulate in higher animals including humans. Their resistance to degradation and semivolatility means that they may be transported over long distances and give rise to transnational exchanges of pollutants. In addition, dioxins which were released into the environment many years ago are still contributing to current exposure. Even very small dioxin concentrations can cause negative effects on the environment and on human health, in particular on the most vulnerable groups like children. Human health effects include impairment of the immune system, the nervous system, the hormonal system and the reproductive functions. Dioxins are also suspected of causing cancer. How Are We Exposed to Dioxins? Although formation of dioxins is local, environmental distribution is global. Dioxins are found throughout the world in the environment
time are the St John's Church and the Tartu Cathedral. (Jaani kirik ja Toomkirik) Moving on, What is clay? (slide 4) Clay is fine-grained, firm earthy material that is plastic when wet and hardens when heated. Clay minerals are size of (point zero one mm)0,01mm. It is consisting primarily of hydrated silicates of aluminum and widely used in making bricks, tiles, and pottery. Clay minerals are typically formed over long periods of time by the gradual chemical weathering of rocks, by low concentrations of carbonic acid and other solvents. These solvents, usually acidic, migrate through the weathering rock after leaching through upper weathered layers. In addition to the weathering process, some clay minerals are formed by hydrothermal activity. Clay deposits may be formed in place as remainder deposits in soil, but thick deposits usually are formed as the result of a secondary sedimentary deposing process.
called The Oxford Vegetarian Study, was conducted between 1980 and 1984. Smoking, body mass index and social index were adjusted for all 6000 vegetarians and 5000 non- vegetarians. In the following years, between 1984 and 1986, they took blood samples from the surviving participants and obtained the measurements of plasma lipids and total cholesterol. They were also told to have food diaries to track their nutrient intake. Vegans were reported to have the lowest LDL-cholesterol concentrations (2.28 ± 0.126), while fish eaters had the highest HDL-cholesterol concentrations (1.56 ± 0.038) [Table 2. in the appendix].21 This is mainly because plants contain very little amounts of cholesterol when compared to animal derived foods. Moreover, plant cholesterol is toxic to human cells and for that reason our intestines don’t absorb it very well.22 While fish eaters had elevated levels of HDL-cholesterol, they had still got higher levels of LDL-cholesterol
Tallinn University Natural and exact sciences Molecular Biochemistry and Ecology Maria Gnidenko Capillary electrophoresis Essay Supervisor: Kert Martma Tallinn 2015 Table of contents Acronyms and symbols used Introduction History and development Physical basis and principle of separation Elektrophoresis Electroosmotic flow Separation process Electrodispersion Various methods of separation Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) ...
Because of the heat exchange process, the metal rod is warmer than ice and therefore the heat transferred to the ice, because of what an iron rod begins to cool. 10. If you mix two colours of paint together, why can't you unmix them? We can't unmix the paint as they have equal footing. When mixing the two colours is a diffusion - the process of mixing (interpenetration) of the two substances, leading to self- alignment of their concentrations across the occupied volume. Since the diffusion process can proceed only in one direction is therefore impossible to obtain again two original paint. 2 11. How much does the humane body radiate? Estimate surface area A = 1.5 m , e = 0.70 H = e A T 4 If the body temperature = 37 ºC = 37 +273 = 310 K, 2 surface area A=1.5 m , emissivity e = 0.70 = Stefan Boltzmann constant = 5
seems to go on forever. The plains of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba are among the richest grain-producing regions in the world. Yet even here are surprises. If you leave the road at Brooks, Alberta, and drive north, you descend into the Red Deer River valley. Here, in desert-like conditions, water and wind have created strange shapes in the sandstone called "hoodoos." The same forces of erosion have uncovered some of the largest concentrations of dinosaur fossils in the world. Alberta is Canada's leading producer of petroleum. The sedimentary rocks underlying the Prairies have important deposits of oil, natural gas and potash. The Canadian Shield A huge inland sea called Hudson Bay extends into the heart of Canada, and wrapped around this bay is a rocky region called the Canadian Shield. Canada's largest geographical feature, it stretches east to Labrador, south to Kingston on Lake Ontario and northwest as far as the Arctic Ocean.
receptors and AP-1 transcription factor, can modulate their transcriptional activity. Retinoic Acid receptors (RARs) are nuclear receptors related to the steroid and thyroid hormone Receptors, a family of proteins that function as ligand-dependent transcription factors. Several loci encoding RAR isoforms have been identified in mammals - RAR- alpha, -beta and gamma - as well as novel nuclear receptors known as RXR (Retinoid X receptor), which are distantly related to RARs and respond to high concentrations of RA. The RARs show spatially restricted distribution patterns during embryogenesis, which have led to speculation on a variety of roles for RA in developmental processes. As with other enhancer-binding proteins, nuclear receptors act as transcription factors by binding to specific DNA recognition sequences generally located upstream of responsive genes. Although RARs can activate gene expression through binding to thyroid hormone
Ahvena üldkaalust on võimalik toiduks tarvitada 49% ja liha omastatavus inimorganismis on 68%. /29/ Tulemused näitasid, et raskemetallide sisalduse poolest on ahvena liha söögiks täiesti ohutu. Võib järeldada et raskemetalli sisaldused ei ole vastuolus EL ette nähtud normidega. 44 Summary In current research "Determination of Heavy Metals in Perch" samples of 80 perch were analysed. This analysis showed that on every metal the concentrations in fishes are lower for females than males, and for liver always higher than muscles. For organism liver is so-called chemical laboratory, which main task is to neutralize toxic compounds ingested with food (product is bile). When organism can't manage the reprocessing of those compounds, then toxic chemicals are left into liver tissue and accumulate. /36/ Female/male relations have been studied slightly. Repudedly females have stronger immune system
oil emulsions ("mousse") is one of physical smothering. The animals and plants most at risk are those that could come into contact with a contaminated sea surface. Marine mammals and reptiles; birds that feed by diving or form flocks on the sea; marine life on shorelines; and animals and plants in mariculture facilities. The most toxic components in oil tend to be those lost rapidly through evaporation when oil is spilt. Because of this, lethal concentrations of toxic components leading to large scale mortalities of marine life are relatively rare, localised and short-lived. Sub-lethal effects that impair the ability of individual marine organisms to reproduce, grow, feed or perform other functions can be caused by prolonged exposure to a concentration of oil or oil components far lower than will cause death. Sedentary animals in shallow waters such as oysters, mussels and
For contraction to occur, the thick and thin phosphate). Cleavage of the bonds between filaments interact via the head region of the phosphates (Pi) and the rest of the mole- myosin. The complex formed by the interac- cule provides energy for many cellular func- tion of myosin and actin is often referred tions, including muscle contraction and the to as actomyosin. In electron micrograph control of the concentrations of key ions (like images of contracted muscle or of postrigor calcium) in the muscle cell. Cleavage of Pi muscle, the actomyosin looks very much like from ATP produces adenosine diphosphate cross-bridges between the thick and thin fila- (ADP), and cleavage of pyorphosphate (PPi) ments; indeed, it is often referred to as such. from ATP produces adenosine monophos- In postmortem muscle, these bonds are irre- phate (AMP). Since the availability of ATP
Suurem suremusrisk seerumi tasemel alla 30 nmol/L Tõendus – optimaalne 25(OH)D ≥ 50nmol/l Lisatarbimine 1-2.5 µg/päevas suurendab seerumi kontsentratsiooni 1-2 nmol/l, sõltub organismi tasemest - madalamal tasemel mõju suurem Lisateemad: päikesevalgus, toidust või lisanditest, laborimeetodite erinevused Vitamiin D tase organismis ja tarbimine Cashman K D et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:549-55 Relation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in late winter and total vitamin D intake (diet and supplemental) in healthy girls with a mean age of 11.3 y (n = 144) living at northerly latitudes (55° and 60°N) Kõrgeim tarbimismäär (UL) No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), - kõrgeim määr, mille juures ei ole tuvastatud negatiivseid tervise kõrvalmõjusid Lowest adverse effect level (LOAEL) – madalaim määr, mil on tuvastatud tervisealased kõrvalmõjud Kofeiini tarbimise soovituslikud määrad
ELEKTROENERGEETIKA INSTITUUT Referaat Taastvad Energiaallikad Esitamise tähtaeg 14.04.2009 Õppejõud: Hannes Agabus Tudeng: Sergei Belosapko Nikita Naumov Tallinn 2009 Contents: 1. Renewable energy 1.1. Costs................................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Potential future utilization..............................................................................4 1.3. Why Don't We Use More Renewable Energy? ...........................................5 2. Energy Types 2.1. Wind Energy.......................................................................................................6 2.1.1. Annual Generation........................................................................................7 2.1.2. ...
Emotion regulation R2 = 27.4 Figure 7. AUCI as function of hedonistic emotion regulation. 2 2.9 Plasma Interleukin 6 (IL-6) We were only able to detect plasma IL-6 in 13 out of the 26 participants studied. Plasma IL-6 in these samples ranged from 1.20 to 327 pg/ml. Furthermore, there was no difference in plasma IL-6 concentrations 50 mins after the TSST test compared with the baseline sample (data not shown). 2 4. Discussion The aim of this study was to investigate the association between psychological variables and the biological stress response and test the hypothesis that people who score high in HER and/or low in DAR have a lower cortisol response. Emotion
The addition of an electron produces a negative ion (-) while loss of an electron converts it to a positive (+) one. Nature provides a delicate balance of ions. The relatively low natural ion levels do not permit systematic evaluation of their biologic properties. A different medium must be artificially created in laboratory and clinical experiments to permit such investigations. Only with the help of ion generators capable of producing unipolar ions in controlled concentrations can this goal be achieved. In medicine, the main interest centers on the effects of artificially created, and not on natural ion levels.. .15 BIOLOGIC CHANGES............................................................................................................15 Excitation or violent attraction or ejection of free electrons from the atoms is responsible for many changes of the target material. It has been found that molecules are held together stably
Olulisemad õhu saasteained ning nende omadused (SO2) happevihmu, tekib kütteõli, kivisöe ja põlevkivi põletamisel soojuselektrijaamades, tselluloositehastes ja keemia- ja metallitööstuses. (NOx) - allikaks on fossiilsete kütuste põletamine küttekolletes. NH3-eraldub põllumajandusest ja keemiatööstusettevõtetest (CO2) üks tähtsamaid kasvuhoonegaase, peamiseks allikaks on energeetikatööstus, mis kasutab fossiilseid kütuseid. Teiselt poolt, taimkate ja ookean seovad atmosfääri süsinikdioksiidi, töötades CO2 neeluna ja süsinikuvaruna. tahm eraldavad sisepõlemismootorid. Aerosoolid- Aerosooli üks tähtsaimaid omadusi puhastamise seisukohast on osakeste sadenemiskiirus. Osakeste suurused. Aerosooli ei iseloomusta kunagi kindel osakese suurus, vaid osakeste suuruse jaotus, mida esitatakse diferentsiaalse ja integraalse jaotuskõveraga. 2. Õhu puhastamine aerosoolidest Heterogeensete gaasisegude lahutamine on keemilises tehnoloogias ...
Results for the substitution analysis, which is also significantly lower than the permitted error rate of 10%. 1. Elaboration of the method 2.2. Robustness of the method. To assess the robustness of The amplicons obtained from all 13 Ephydatia fluviatilis the method, first the concentrations of either primer in the PCR specimens analysed contained the ITS region, including the 39 mixture were doubled (Table 1). This had no influence on the end of the 18S gene, the full length ITS1, 5.8S gene, ITS2, and the results: the absolute deviation from the mean value of 100 ng 59 end of the 28S gene. Direct sequencing of those amplicons experiments was from 0.35% to 0.38% for the length analysis.
remained open. With his gasoline supplies assured, at least temporarily, the Desert Fox swept forward in the onslaught he had begun on the moonlit night of May 26-27. Complementing the strategic intelligence that the Fellers intercepts were providing was the tactical intelligence from his highly efficient Fernmeldeaufklarung Company under Captain Alfred Seebohm. This mobile outfit tuned into every British 8th Army radio station, picked up every scrap of chat, ascertained troop and tank concentrations and movements by direction-finding, learned which units were where by analyzing call-signs, studied British cryptograms, and in general provided Rommel with much of the raw data by which he could sniff out the enemy's intentions and then take counteraction of his own. During the drive to isolate Tobruk, for instance, the Fernmeldeaufklarung Company overheard a radiotelephone conversation in clear at 10:30 a.m. June 16, 1942, be- tween the 29th Indian Brigade and the 7th Armored Division
This seems to be the echo of a workday. In the themes and rhythms, some connections with the symphonism of Rääts can be detected. Avo Hirvesoo (b. 1935) has said, annotating the composer’s record: 1 First performed by ERSO, 16 Nov. 1968, conducted by Neeme Järvi. Koha’s output does not tend towards extremes and is little touched by modern trends. As in his previous mature compositions he has retained national expression in themes and colouring. The emotional concentrations are gripping, often creating solemn temperament and thus awakening noble emotions in the listener. The composer himself says that he tries to get support first from the character of Estonians. The national colouring is derived mostly from the treatment of idiom, worked out by the composer. Outlining the creative portrait of the composer, musicologist Helga Tõnson states: In the course of time, a hero’s image has been taking shape in Jaan Koha’s music. This hero is
I used two different protocols, both of which worked: PROTOCOL A 1. I consumed the ECA stack 45 minutes prior to cold-bath immersion on an empty stomach. Though the metabolism of ca eine (ca eine clearance) varies from person to person, I assumed that blood concentration would peak between 60 and 90 minutes postoral consumption, which was based on the average pharmacokinetics of ca eine in white male subjects. Pharmacokinetics, usually in graph form, show the relative blood concentrations of a speci c drug over time after administration. Ca einated gum, for comparison with pills, shows peak levels at 15 minutes. Delivery mechanisms matter. 2. I placed two ten-pound bags of ice in a cold-water bath and submerged myself for a total of 20 minutes. Those 20 minutes were phased as follows: 00:0010:00 minutes: Up to mid-waist, legs submerged, torso and arms not submerged. 10:0015:00 minutes: Submerged up to neck with hands out of the water (sitting cross-legged
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