Molekulaar- ja rakubioloogia konspekt
spindle formation required for the pull of chromosomes toward the centrioles during anaphase and
telophase of mitosis. Improperly functioning centromeres result in the chromosomes that do not align
and separate properly, resulting in aneuploidy or daughter cells receiving the wrong number of
chromosomes. Aneuploidy can cause conditions such as Down syndrome if the cells survive at all.
The centromeric DNA is normally in a heterochromatin state, which is essential for the recruitment of
the cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion after DNA replication as well as
coordinating sister chromatid separation during anaphase. In this chromatin, the normal histone H3 is
replaced with a centromere-specific variant, CENP-A in humans.
5. Peamine erinevu prokarüootse ja eukarüootse mRNA vahel. (1p)
The mRNAs of many bacteria and bacteriophages are polygenic or polycistronic. A polycistronic
mRNA is transcribed by the several structural genes of an operon
annaabi.ee 
