The Chiltern Hills Ursula 11. kl · The Chiltern Hills are known locally as just The Chilterns and are a chalk escarpment in the south-east of England, lying a few miles north-west of London. · They cover four counties and combine beautiful scenery with interesting history. · The Chilterns begin in Oxfordshire in the Thames Valley and stretch north-east through Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire to Hitchin in Hertfordshire. They comprise of chalk hills covered with beautiful beech woods, wild flowers, and a variety of wildlife. History · In pre-Roman times, the Chiltern ridge provided a relatively safe and easily negotiable route across southern Iron Age England, thus the Icknield Way (one of England's ancient trackways) follows the line of the hills. · The name "Chiltern" comes from the Cilternsæte, a tribe that occupied the area in the early Anglo-Saxon period.
Leonardo Da Vinci 1452-1519 Itaalia maalikunstnik Sündis renessansi ajajärgul sündis Firenze linna ligidal Vincis 15 aastasena saadeti ta kuulsa Firenze kunstniku Andres del Verocchio 1435-1488 ateljeesse maalikunsti ja skulptuuri õppima ema: Catherina isa: Ser Piero kes polnid catherinega abielus, kuid kellest väga lugu peeti Leonardo sai oma ajastu kohta tavapärase hariduse Juba lapsena ilmes suur kunsti anne Ser Piero märkas lapse kunsti annet kui too ühele puuplaadile kaunistuseks draakoni maalis kaotas huvi suurte teoste vastu ning jättis pooleli Maalid: tähelepanelik detailide suhtes Mõned teosed: ,,Mona Lisa" 1503 ,,The Last Supper" 1498 ,,Annunciation" 1472 ,,Vitruvian Man" umbes 1490 ,,St. John the Baptist" 1513 ,,Salvator Mundi" 1490 ,,Portrait of a Man in Red Chalk" 1512 ,,The Virgin and Child with St. Anne" umbes 1503
coast. According to legend, the columns are old stepping stones, that giants used to cross the channel between ireland and Scotland. Although there are an abundance of tall tales, and myths describing colourful ways the Giant's Causeway came into being, the actual, natural history is a bit less exciting. The actual history is that the rock formations were created by a lava flow some 65 million years ago by molten basalt rising through a chalk bed, and then cooling and cracking to form the tall columns that make up the causeway. Legend: Legend has it that the Finn McCool built the causeway to walk to Scotland to fight his Scottish counterpart Benandonner. One version of the legend tells that Fionn fell asleep before he got to Scotland. To protect Fionn, his wife Oonagh laid a blanket over him so he could pretend that he was actually their baby son. In a variation, Fionn fled after seeing
teachings, the tribal laws, history, medicine and other knowledge necessary in Celtic society. · Celts was the first who saw the potential for crating large-scale artwork on the chalk hills of southern England, for example the famous chalkhorse. · There were taken place the rituals and the site is considered to be connected with the sun and the passing of the seasons. · The ruins consists of two stone circles and two stone horseshoes. · The Bronze Age reached Britain between 2100-1650 BC. · The basic unit of Celtic family life
ART 1. visuaalne(nägemise kaudu tajutav) kunst-visual arts 2. arhitektuur- architecture 3. esitus(ettekandev)kunst-performing arts 4. skulptuur-sculpture 5. skulptor-sculptor 6. tarbekunst(rakenduskunst)- applied arts 7. vitraaz-stained glass 8. pastell- pastel 9. maastikumaal-landscape 10. portree-portrait 11. portretist(portreekunstnik)- portrait 12. portreemaal-portrait painting 13. viirutamine, viirutamistehnika-streaking 14. emailimine, emailivärviga katmine-enameling ? 15. graveerimine-engraving 16. papp-cardboard 17. elevandiluu-ivory 18. papüürus-papyrus 19. miniatuurkunst, miniatuurmaal-miniature painting 20. lõuend-canvas 21. õlivärvid-oil paints, oil colours 22. meremaal-seascape, marine painting ? 23. värvigamma, koloriit-colour, coulouring ? 24. (joonistamis)süsi-charcoal 25. käsitöö-handicraft 26. keraamika ja pottsepatöö-pottery 27. ...
and longevity, and their dark branches would make them stand out in the landscape. It is excellent for furniture making, interior, fences, gates, chairs, doors, tables, and rustic furniture. Where the Yew Grows It is also possible to find small trees growing near bigger trees, which transplant well. They prefer a moist, fertile, sandy loam soil, but will grow well in most soils except water-logged ground or sticky wet clay. They also grow well on chalk. They resist pollution and can flourish in the shade of taller trees. Yew trees are often found lining cemeteries and churchyards Ancient yews Yews are slow-growing and long-lived, and are often associated with cemeteries where the trees grow undisturbed. There are many European yews whose age has been analyzed to be many hundreds of years old. The oldest yew on record is the Fortingall Yew in Perthshire, Scotland, which is estimated
ACRE(aaker)- a unit of area used in certain English-speaking countries. ADVENTURE(seiklus) - an exciting or very unusual experience. ALIKE(ühtviisi) - in the same manner or form. APPRECIATE(tänulik) - to feel thankful or grateful for: to appreciate a favour. ARCHERY(vibulaskmine) - sport of shooting with bows and arrows ASPECT(aspekt) - appearance to the eye; visual effect ASPIRING( ambitsioon)- to rise to a great height ASSIGN(loovutada) - give out or allot AWARD-WINNING(auhinnatud) - BARGAIN - an agreement or contract establishing what each party will give. BOILING HOT (keev) -to an extreme extent BOTHERED ( tüütama) to give trouble to; annoy; pester; worry BREAK - to separate or become separated into two or more pieces BROADEN - to make or become broad or broader; widen BROCHURE -a pamphlet or leaflet. CABLE - a strong thick rope CANCEL - to revoke or annul CHALK (kriit) -white,soft... CHANGEABLE able to change or be changed; fickle ...
OSAMA BIN LADENI AL-QAEDA ISLAMI FUNDAMENTALISMIS Selles essees keskendun al-Qaedale, kui ühele kõige vägivaldsemale ning kardetumale terroristlikule organisatsioonile. Andes samal ajal ka ülevaadet Lähis-Idas toimuvast, täpsemalt Afganistaanis võimul olnud Talibanist, mis lõi al-Qaeda juhile Osama bin Ladenile ideaalse keskkonna oma ideoloogiliste vaadete elluviimiseks vägivaldsel moel ning püüdes neid seletada realistliku teooriaga. Al-Qaeda ei ole rühmitus, mis tegutseb läbimõtlematult ning lihtsalt rahvas hirmu tekitamiseks, tal on väga kindel struktuur ning ideoloogia, mile järgi ta tegutseb. Sellele rühmitusele on alguse pannud maailma esiterrorist Osama bin Laden, kes alles sel aastal USA sõdurite poolt tapeti. Selles essees tuleb ka arutluse alla Osama bin Ladeni uskumused, vaated ja taotlus, mida ta oma tegudega saavutada üritas, mis tegelikult teda ja tema al-Qaedad tegudeks ajendas. Sellest kõigest arusaamise lih...
UNIT 3 VOCABULARY eager innukas elegant elegantne acre - aaker (4046 m²) elk põder adventure seiklus embassy saatkond alike sarnaselt, ühtmoodi emergency erakorraline olukord, hädaseisund appreciate hindama, väärtustama enthusiastic entusiastlik, innukas archery vibusport establish asutama, rajama, sisse seadma aspect aspekt, külg, ilme, välimus exceptional erandlik, eriline aspiring edasipüüdlik facility abivahend, hõlpsus (-ies- tarbed) assign määrama fair õiglane (n.s.-na näitus) award-winning auhinnaline fall kosk bargain soodus ost familiar tuttav, harjumuspärane, familiaarne ...
spanning at least some 1500 years. However there is evidence of large scale construction both before and afterwards on and around the monument that perhaps extends the landscape's time frame to 6500 years. Dating and understanding the various phases of activity at Stonehenge is not a simple task; it is complicated by poorly kept early excavation records, surprisingly few accurate scientific dates and the disturbance of the natural chalk by periglacial effects and animal burrowing. The modern phasing most generally agreed by archaeologists is detailed below. Features mentioned in the text are numbered and shown on the plan, right, which illustrates the site as of 2004. The plan omits the trilithon lintels for clarity. Holes that no longer, or never, contained stones are shown as open circles and stones visible today are shown coloured. Function and construction Stonehenge was produced by a culture with no written
ROMANTISM (XIX saj I pool) Koostaja: Mairi Kohanski 11. klass Johann Heinrich Füssli Romantism Sõna "romantism" päritolu viitab romantismi ühele tüüpilisele tunnusele - keskaja imetlusele. Võib öelda, et kui klassitsist kaldub olemasolevat maailma parimaks pidama, siis romantikule on see aeg ja koht, kus ta viibib, halvim võimalus. Romantikute arust on paigalseis ja stabiilsus masendav, igasugune muutus tähendab aga paranemist. Romantism väljendas kahtlust ja pettumust valgusajastu ideaalides. Romantikud rõhutasid just tunnete ja instinktide tähtsust. Chalk Cliffs on Rügen (1818), Caspar David Friedrich Romantism kui kunstisuund tekkis 19. sajandi algul ja kestis sama sajandi keskpaigani. Romantism avaldus eriti maalikunstis ja graafikas. Maalikunstis asetati pearõhk eelkõige koloriidile, valguse-varju kontrastidele ja ...
A kiwi a flightless bird, about 45 cm high an weighs about 3.3 kg. All kiwi species are endangered. The kiwi lays the largest egg in relation to its body size. The Kiwi as a symbol first appeared in the late 19th century in New Zealand regimental badges. It was later featured in the badges of the South Canterbury Battalion in 1886 and the Hastings Rifle Volunteers in 1887. Soon after, kiwis appeared in many military badges. During the First World War, the giant kiwi was carved on the chalk hill above Sling Camp in England. During the war, the name "Kiwi" for New Zealand soldiers came into general use. The Kiwi bird has since become the well-known national symbol for New Zealand. All New Zealanders overseas (and at home) are still called "Kiwis". The Kiwi is still closely associated with the Armed Forces of NZ. The New Zealand dollar is often referred to as the "Kiwi", and the kiwi fruit is known as a "Kiwi" in some countries. Kiwis are prominent in the coat of
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes By Arthur Conan Doyle Sveta Kostina Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh on 22nd May 1859. he studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh medical practice at Bush Villas in Elm Grove, Southsea good at sport two wives: Louisa (or Louise) Hawkins and Jean Elizabeth Leckie five childrens: two with his first wife and three with his second wife studied the eye in Vienna; practice as an ophthalmologist died of his heart attack, aged 71, on 7th July 1930 Arthur Conan Doyle Bibliography A Study in Scarlet (1887) The Sign of Four (1890) The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1892) The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (1894) The Hound of the Baskervilles (1902) The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1904) The Valley of Fear (1915) His Last Bow (1917) The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes (19...
4 2. TSEMENT “Portland cement is the basic ingredient of concrete. Concrete is formed when portland cement creates a paste with water that binds with sand and rock to harden. Cement is manufactured through a closely controlled chemical combination of calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron and other ingredients. Common materials used to manufacture cement include limestone, shells, and chalk or marl combined with shale, clay, slate, blast furnace slag, silica sand, and iron ore. These ingredients, when heated at high temperatures form a rock-like substance that is ground into the fine powder that we commonly think of as cement”. [1] “Tsement on hüdrauliliste sideainete hulka kuuluv laialt kasutatav ehitusmaterjal. Seda kasutatakse suure tugevuse ja kõvaduse saavutamiseks, eriti betooni tootmisel. Tsementi kasutatakse maa- või
Queens of England/Great Britain. During the war, the castle has been heavily fortified but when country has been in peace, it has been expanded with large and grand apartments and this pattern has continued nowadays. The White Cliffs of Dover is one of England’s most famous natural landmarks. The cliffs were formed over 80 million years ago. They are a part of British coastline facing France and the Strait of Dover. The cliffs owe its impressive façade to its composition of chalk accentuated by streaks of black flint and they spread east and west from the town of Dover in the county of Kent. There are miles of hidden tunnels behind the cliff face which were created during the Middle Ages and had an important role in the defence of Britain during the Napoleonic wars. London, the capital of England, has a lot of famous sightseeings itself. One of the greatest is surely Buckingham Palace, which is the official London residence of British monarch, built
used as temples like Stonehenge. The priests were called Druids. Britain was inhabited by various peoples who later spread the Christianity through Northern England and Scotland. Roman Britain Nearing / nr / lähenev Wide-scale / wad skel / laia haardega Warlike / 'w:lak / sõjakas To overrun / v'rn / vallutama Bath / b: / saunakompleks, linnasaun Julius Caesar arrived in Britain in 55 BC and named this island Albion after the chalk cliffs on the southern coast. Britain became the Roman colony. They built roads, villas, public baths and fortifications. Emperor Hadrian built a stone wall to protect England from Scots. Romans left Britain in 400 AD to protect their empire on the continent of Europe from the Germanic tribes. The Anglo-Saxon, Danish and Norman Invasions Raid / red / rünnak Abbey / 'æb / klooster Parish / 'pær / kihelkond Germanic tribes attacked Britain after the Romans had left
a brief time, then quickly disperse. The term flash mob is generally applied only to gatherings organized via telecommunications, social networking, and viral emails. The term is generally not applied to events organized by public relations firms or as publicity stunts. This can also be considered mass public performance art. 4.9. Yarn bombing Yarn Bombing is a type of street art that employs colourful displays of knitted or crocheted cloth rather than paint or chalk. The practice is believed to have originated in the U.S. with Texas knitters trying to find a creative way to use their leftover and unfinished knitting projects, but has since spread worldwide. While other forms of graffiti may be expressive, decorative, territorial, socio-political commentary, advertising or vandalism, yarn bombing is almost exclusively about beautification and creativity. ([http://artradarjournal.com/2010/01/21/what-is-street-art- vandalism-graffiti-or-public-art-part-i/] 14
whisky and textiles, notably tweed and linen respectively. Today Scotland is also a major producer of computers. The leading manufacturing regions are Greater London, Greater Manchester, West Midlands (Birmingham), Yorkshire, Newcastle, Glasgow, Bristol. Britain has relatively few mineral resources. Zinc, tin, iron ore and copper are all produced in small quantities, together with tiny amounts of gold and silver. Non- metallic minerals include limestone, chalk, clay, sandstone, salt and gypsum. Britain has the richest energy resources in EU including oil and natural gas, both primarily found in the North Sea, off eastern Scotland and eastern England respectively. About 77% of the land area of Britain is under agricultural use of some sort. Agriculture employs 2 per cent of the population. However, it achieves high levels of efficiency and productivity. Large parts of Britain, notably in Scotland and Wales, are suitable only for grazing
Saxons, Jutes. In Middle Engl periods (11-15 cent)there were 5 mail dialects: Northen, East-central, west-central, south-western, kentish. The basis of E became the London dialect. Due to the importance of London as the capital, the London dialect spread over the country. 15. Sources of borrowing: Latin, Old Scandinavian, French. Latin: there are 3 layers of Lain borrowings:1)these words stand for objects in everyday life (, nt pepper, plum, butter, wine, cup, dish, chalk, kitchen, street, mile, inch). 2)At the end of 6th cent christianity was introduced. Latin became the language of religion (nt, altar, angels, candle, devil, munk, nun, pope, preest) 3) During the Renaissance mainly abstract nouns and scientific words were borrowed (nt, conception, effect, idea, illusion, medium, necessity, decorate, illuminate, absolute, humaine,immidiate) Old Scandinavian(12-14 cent)England had been constantly invaded(sisse tooma) Norveigns, Danes, Sweeds
His journalism, in the form of sketches which appeared in periodicals from 1833, formed his first collection of pieces Sketches by Boz which were published in 1836 and led to the serialization of his first novel, The Pickwick Papers, in March 1836. On 2 April 1836, he married Catherine Thompson Hogarth (1816 1879), the daughter of George Hogarth, editor of the Evening Chronice. After a brief honeymoon in Chalk, Kent, they set up home in Bloomsbury, where they had ten children. On 9 June 1865, while returning from France with Ternan, Dickens was involved in the Staplehurst rail crash in which the first seven carriages of the train plunged off a cast iron bridge that was being repaired.Because of that he died.( 9 June1870) Oliver Twist (1837-39), Nicholas Nickleby (1838-39), The Old Curiosity Shop and, Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of 'Eighty as part of the Master Humphrey's Clock series (1840-
FCE Result Words and Phrases Alphabetical Wordlist a bite to eat (phr) abandon (v) abruptly (adv) absent-minded (adj) abstract (adj) abusive (adj) access (n) accuse of (v) achievement (n) aching (adj) acknowledgement (n) acquire (v) activist (n) adaptation (n) addicted to (adj) addictive (adj) additional (adj) admire (v) admission (n) adoptive (adj) adrenalin (n) adulthood (n) aerial (n) aging (n) aisle (n) alarming (adj) alien (n) alike (adv) allegedly (adv) alley (n) alongside (adv) aloud (adv) alternate (adj) amateur (n) ambitious (adj) anaemic (adj) analysis (n) ancestor (n) ancient (adj) angel (n) ankle (n) announce (v) annual (adj) anthropologist (n) 1 anticipate (v) antisocial (adj) apart (adv) ape (n) apparatus (n) apparent (adj) appeal to (v) appetising (adj) applicable (adj) apprenticed to (adj) approach (v) approximately (adv) arch criminal (n) archaeological (adj) archbishop (n) architect ...
river Tay, Northern Ireland-river Bann, Wales- river Tywi. Lakes: the deepest lake in the UK is Loch Morar-309 m deep. Largest lakes in the UK by country are: Northern Ireland- Lough Neagh, Scotland-Loch Lomond, England- Windermere, Wales- Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake). 26. Albion. a word used in some poetic or rhetorical contexts to refer to England. It was the original Roman name for Britain. It may come from the Latin word `albus', meaning `white'. The white chalk cliffs around Dover on the south coast are the first part of England to be seen when crossing the sea from the European mainland. 27. Britannia. the name that the Romans gave to their southern British province. It is also the name given to the female embodiment of Britain, always shown wearing a helmet and holding 7 a trident
Channel. The improving climate changed the environment. Vast forests covered most of the lowlands and highlands, which were rich in various animals. Rivers teemed with fish. The island became a very comfortable place to live in. Albion The most ancient name for Britain was Albion which was first used by a Greek author in the 6th century BC. Though Celtic in origin, it was supposed by the Romans to come from Lat. albus (white), with reference to the chalk cliffs at Dover. White cliffs are the first and last sight of land for visitors who come to Britain by sea. Notes 1. The British Isles is a geographical term for the islands bounded by the English Channel, the Strait of Dover, the North Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean. The islands in the group are Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Isle of Wight, the Isles of Scilly, the Hebrides, the Orkney Islands, the Shetland Islands, and about
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behave like economic illiterates than educated ones. We are ashamed of who we are and what we are. 18 We condemn everything African or Black, because we suffer from an inferiority complex. We would rather do business with another person than do business with our own group; we would rather enrich another community than make investment in ours by patronizing one another. Africans cannot produce the pins they use, the needles to sew; the chalk, pencil or pen to write with; we do not produce the radio we listen to; we don not produce the television we look at; we do not produce the cars we drive; we do not produce the guns we use in killing one another; we do not produce the bulbs we use in lighting our homes; we do not produce the telephone gadgets we use in talking; the money we use, we do not produce the machinery used in engraving them; if not for the Europeans, we
order and provide a product occur in a continuous flow. Ohno had a vision. He took all the different production theories under consideration, the most important one being Henry Fords idea of mass production. He understood that Fords production system wasnt applicable to the Japanese market because its demands were many times lower. He understood that he had to be flexible and start by redesigning the production system. He spent hours and days on the shop floor in a chalk circle investigating the location of hidden "Muda". He took dramatic steps and redesigned the whole production system by employing Just-In-time (JIT), Jidoka 33 and many other principles and techniques. It was the beginning of TPS, now considered to be one of the best production systems in the world. It is important to see the world from another angle and to be
= , : ' b e f o r e . 5 )D e s p i t teh e s ec h a n g e sm, o s tp e o p l e T h e M a r t i nc h i l d r e n a r e n o t a t a l l a l i k e T h e y ' r ea s 6 ) 3 ' t h e i rf a m i l ya s o n e o f t h e m o s ts i g n i f i c a n t different as chalk and cheese/milk r -- r-lives 5 l'll look after Jo anytime Really, she'sas good as - ':centAmericansurveyshowedthat 8) many/most silver/9old
= , : ' b e f o r e . 5 )D e s p i t teh e s ec h a n g e sm, o s tp e o p l e T h e M a r t i nc h i l d r e n a r e n o t a t a l l a l i k e T h e y ' r ea s 6 ) 3 ' t h e i rf a m i l ya s o n e o f t h e m o s ts i g n i f i c a n t different as chalk and cheese/milk r -- r-lives 5 l'll look after Jo anytime Really, she'sas good as - ':centAmericansurveyshowedthat 8) many/most silver/9old
= , : ' b e f o r e . 5 )D e s p i t teh e s ec h a n g e sm, o s tp e o p l e T h e M a r t i nc h i l d r e n a r e n o t a t a l l a l i k e T h e y ' r ea s 6 ) 3 ' t h e i rf a m i l ya s o n e o f t h e m o s ts i g n i f i c a n t different as chalk and cheese/milk r -- r-lives 5 l'll look after Jo anytime Really, she'sas good as - ':centAmericansurveyshowedthat 8) many/most silver/9old
= , : ' b e f o r e . 5 )D e s p i t teh e s ec h a n g e sm, o s tp e o p l e T h e M a r t i nc h i l d r e n a r e n o t a t a l l a l i k e T h e y ' r ea s 6 ) 3 ' t h e i rf a m i l ya s o n e o f t h e m o s ts i g n i f i c a n t different as chalk and cheese/milk r -- r-lives 5 l'll look after Jo anytime Really, she'sas good as - ':centAmericansurveyshowedthat 8) many/most silver/9old
Some of the things you will learn in THE CODEBREAKERS • How secret Japanese messages were decoded in Washington hours before Pearl Harbor. • How German codebreakers helped usher in the Russian Revolution. • How John F. Kennedy escaped capture in the Pacific because the Japanese failed to solve a simple cipher. • How codebreaking determined a presidential election, convicted an underworld syndicate head, won the battle of Midway, led to cruel Allied defeats in North Africa, and broke up a vast Nazi spy ring. • How one American became the world's most famous codebreaker, and another became the world's greatest. • How codes and codebreakers operate today within the secret agencies of the U.S. and Russia. • And incredibly much more. "For many evenings of gripping reading, no better choice can be made than this book." —Christian Science Monitor THE ...
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