Spread in the Arabian peninsula Prophet Muhammad Islamic Golden Age (8th – 13th century) DENOMINATIONS SUNNI Largest, 75-90% of population Caliph should be elected Righteous and acts according to Quran Hadith SHIA Second-largest, 10-20% of population Muhammad appointed his son-in-law as his successor Only descendants could be Imams (leaders) Son-in-law first Imam Rejecting the legitimacy of the previous three Caliphs ISIS Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Salafi jihadist militant group Fundamentalist, Wahhabi doctorine 1999 50000 – 260000 Videos of beheadings WORLD MUSLIM POPULATION FIVE PILLARS Five basic acts Obligatory for all believers 1.) The creed 2.) Daily prayers 3.) Almsgiving 4.) Fasting during Ramadan 5.) The pilgrimage to Mecca PILGRIMAGE Performed during the Islamic Month Mecca
to warfare and the environment. There are two main denominations in Muslims: Sunnis and Shias. The largest denomination in Islam is Sunni Islam, which makes up 75%-90% of all Muslims. Sunnis are also called as Ahl as-Sunnah what means ,,people of the tradition". These hadiths, recounting Muhammad's words, actions, and personal characteristics, are preserved in traditions known as Al-kutub Al- Sittah(Six major books). Sunnis belive that the first four caliphs were rightful successors to Muhhamad. Also, Sunnis think that anyone who is righteous and just could be a caliph but they have to act like Koran and the Hadith says, the example of Muhhamad and give the people their rights. The Sunnis follow the Koran and then the Hadith. If legal matters are not found in the Koran or the Hadith, they usually follow madh'habs(schools of thought): Hanafi, Hanbali, Maliki and Shafi'i, established around the teachings of Abu Haifa, Ahmad bin Hanbal, Malik ibn
his successor. Abu Bakr's immediate task was to avenge a recent defeat by Byzantine (or Eastern Roman Empire) forces, although he first had to put down a rebellion by Arab tribes in an episode known as the Ridda wars, or "Wars of Apostasy". The territory of the Caliphate in 750His death in 634 resulted in the succession of Umar as the caliph, followed by Uthman ibn alAffan and Ali ibn Abi Talib. These four are known as al khulaf' arrshidn ("Rightly Guided Caliphs"). Under them, the territory under Muslim rule expanded deeply into Persian and Byzantine territories. When Umar was assassinated in 644, the election of Uthman as successor was met with increasing opposition. In 656, Uthman was also killed, and Ali assumed the position of caliph. After fighting off opposition in the first civil war (the "First Fitna"), Ali was assassinated by Kharijites in 661. Following this, Mu'awiyah, who was governor of Levant, seized power and
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