"bolkenstein" - 1 õppematerjal

European Union Exam

closer to the people and to the problems. There needs to be an introduction of democracy at the place of work in order to transform the labour/capital conflict, and in the local community. We shall now look at these in turn. Second order national elections (Reif and Schmitt, 1980) - National electoral programmes (developed by national parties) + very small room for European programmes - Debate and vote focussed on national issues (few exceptions Bolkenstein / constitution) – retrospective / protest vote - List of candidates defined by national parties - Party and voters’ perspective – lower relevance than „first order elections“ – no govt. - Lower turnout if compared to national elections - Protest vote and retrospective judgement  - Sanction towards governing parties (no consequences on the govt.) XIV loeng Eurozone crisis Criteria for joining the eurozone • Budget deficit: Less than 3% of GDP