" Thomas More oli Henry VIII hea sõber ja mitukümmend aastat ülemkoja liige ja kaks aastat valitseja nõukogu King's council'i liige ning ,,Utoopia" autor. T. More oli oma aja silmapaistvamaid humaniste ja kutsuti ladina keeles Moruseks. Henry VIII tõstab T. More aadliseisusesse ja nimetab ta 1521. aastal alamvarakantsleriks (SubTreasurer). Henry VIII saab paavst Leo X käest bulla, kus kuningas saab nimetuse Usu kaitsja ja Iirimaa isand. Anne Boleyn armub Henry de Percy' sse, kes on Northumberlandi krahvi esimene poeg, seega ühe mõjukaima krahvkonna tulevase pärija ja vanima aadliga. Anne ja Percy kohtuvad ühe kuningalossi kõrvalise trepi all, mis neile hiljem saatuslikuks saab. Catherine'i kaudu on saanud paavstist Henry VIII lähisugulane. Henry VIII peamine iseloomuviga oli, et alati ja kõikjal pidi ta oelma esimene, sest sisemiselt ta seda üldsegi ei olnud. Alati ja kõikjal pidi tema sõna
Paralleelsed elulood Marie Antoinette ja Anne Boleyn Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette (Maria Antonia Josephina Johanna) sündis 2. novembril 1755. aastal Viinis, Austrias. Ta oli pärit Tudorite dünastiast, tema isa oli Saksa-Rooma keiser Franz I ning ema oli Maria Theresia, Austria ertshertsoginna ning Ungari kuninganna. Marie Antoinette kasvas koos oma vanema õe, Maria Carolinaga ning nad olid väga lähedased. Marie Antoinette õppis mängima klavessiini ja ka esines õukonnas
http://tudorhistory.org/mary/youngmary.jpg Queen Mary I of England Born: 18 February 1516 Proclaimed Queen: 19 July 1553 at St. Paul's Cathedral Coronation: 1 October 1553 Died: 17 November 1558 Buried: 14 Decenber 1558 http://tudorhistory.org/mary/marywhitehall.jpg Mary Tudor The Tudor Britain (1485-1603) Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon Henry divorced Catherine and married Anne Boleyn From "princess" to "The Lady Mary" http://tudorhistory.org/mary/marytudorsig.gif http://tudorhistory.org/elizabeth/signature.gif Catherine of Aragon 16 Dec 1485- 7 Jan 1536 Born in Toledo's Palace, Spain Youngest child Ferdinand and Isabella Married to Prince Arthur: 14 Nov 1501 Married to King Henry VIII: 11 June 1509; dissolved 1533 Queen of England in June 24, 1509 1st wife of Henry VIII http://tudorhistory.org/aragon/aragon4
Fourth level Queen of England Fifth level Queen of Ireland - 17 November 1558 until her death (aged 69) Protestant Never married Janeli Õim 11A Family Click King Henry VIII (1491 - to edit Master text styles 1547) Second level Anne Boleyn (Executed 19 Third level Fourth level May 1536) Fifth level Mary I (1516-1558) - Half-sister Edward VI (1537-1553) - Half-brother Janeli Õim 11A From childhood to becoming Queen Anne Boleyn was beheaded on the Tower Green 1536. Elizabeth, who was two
armor, sports, and women. Wanted to be a solider. King Henry King Henry didn't look like this all the time, he used to look like this when he was younger. The wives Catherine of Aragon Was married to Prince Arthur, but he died. Then married Henry VIII on 11 June 1509. They were married 24 years Had a daughter Mary Tudor. Gave birth to six children, but five of the died. Later Henry found a new lover Anne Boleyn, so he decided to devorce from Catherine. But the Roman Catholic Church did not approve of divorces. So, he decided to break from the Roman Catholic Church and make England a Protestant country. And made himself The Supreme Head of the Church of England. Anne Boleyn Married Henry on 25 January 1533 Had a daughter Elizabeth who later becomes Queen Elizabeth I. Henry was disappointed, because he wanted a boy. Later Henry lost intest in Anne and
Queen Elizabeth I Elin Palumäe 10B Elizabeth I Reign - 17 Nov. 1558 24 March 1603 (44 years) Coronation - 15 January 1559(25 years) Predecessor - Mary I Successor - James I House - House of Tudor Father - Henry VIII Mother - Anne Boleyn Born - 7 September 1533 Greenwich, England Died - 24 March 1603 (aged 69) Burial - Westminster Abbey Anne Boleyn Queen consort of England Mother of Elizabeth I Tenure - 28 May 1533 17 May 1536 Coronation 1 June 1533 Anne Boleyn was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife of Henry VIII of England and the 1st Marquess of Pembroke in her own right for herself and her descendants. House - House of Tudor Father - Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire Mother - Lady Elizabeth Howard Born c.1501/1507 Blickling Hall/ Hever Castle, England Died 19 May 1536 (aged 29-35)Tower of London Religion - Anglican, formerly Roman Catholic King of England Henry VIII
mõlemal kujul. TSÖLIBAAT abielutus. Katoliku kiriku preestrid ei tohi olla abielus. Katolitsismis, et mitte kiriku varasid laiali kanda ja pärandada. Vene õigeusus tsölibaadinõuet ei ole, luterluses see kaotatakse. Anglikaani kirikus kaotati tsölibaat ei ole nii palju vara, et saaks laiali tassida. Canterbury Inglise peapiiskopi residents, religioosne keskus. Inglise kiriku pea on formaalselt Elizabeth II, tegelikult on tähtsam Canterbury peapiiskop. 2. Anne Boleyn 1502 sündis, 1533 Henry VIII lahutab Aragoonia Catherine'st ja abiellub Anne Boleyniga. 1536 Anne Boleyn hukati. Henry VIII on nüüd poissmees. Thomas Morus (More) Elas 1478 1535. Oli utopist, 1518 kirjutas "Utoopia". Läks Henry VIII tülli. 1. Ta oli abielulahutuse vastu. 2. ei ole õige kuulutada ennast kiriku peaks. 3. Thomas Morus nägi ette kloostrite likvideerimist. 1536 39 tegeleti kloostrite likvideerimisega
years old 3 children and 6 marriages Henry was spoilt, handsome, athletic, musical, interested in religion and fluent in 4 languages Early life Catherine of Aragon A Spanish princess and Henry's brother's widow Married 15091533 Loved eachother 4 sons who all died Their only daughter Mary became the queen later Henry lost interest in his wife The six wives Anne Boleyn Anne gave birth to Elizabeth, who later A servant in the Queens Household became a queen Henry fell for her in 1522 and wanted Henry was soon tired of her for not to divorce Catherine having a son The Pope wouldn't allow it He accused her of adultery and treason Henry broke away from the church in Rome and declared himself the head Executed of a new Church of England Divorced Catherine and married Anne Married 15331536 Jane Seymour Married 15361537 They had a son (Edward VI)
Oktoober 2008 Ajalooline romaan ''Anne Boleyni õnn ja hukk'' Robert Widl 1 Anne Boleyn kes ta oli ? Anne Boleyn (1501 või 1507 19. mai 1536) oli Inglise kuninga Henry VIII teine abikaasa ning kuninganna Elizabeth I ema. Anne oli krahv Thomas Boleyni ja tema naise, Norfolki krahvi Thomas Howardi tütre Elizabeth Boleyni tütar. Tema vanem õde Mary Boleyn oli nii Prantsusmaa kuninga François I kui ka Henry VIII armuke, viimast küll lühiajaliselt. Anne kasvas oma õega sarnaselt üles Prantsuse õukonnas ning omandas seetõttu hea prantsuse keele. Erinevalt oma õest, kes omandas seal vägagi kahtlase kuulsuse, olles maganud lisaks kuningale ka suure osa õukondlastega, oli Anne üsna kombekas ja tagasihoidlik. Henry VIII abielu (aastast 1533) Annega, nagu ka viimase hukkamine, oli osa keerulisest Inglise reformatsioonist
Elizabeth I 07.09.1533-24.03.1603 Grete Nisu 2010 Printsessi sünd. Sündis 7. septembril 1533 Ema kuninganna Anne Boleyn Isa kuningas Henry VIII Isa soovis poega ja lasi Anne hukata. 10. Septembril ristimine Vanglast troonile. 15. jaanuaril 1559. krooniti 18. märts 1554 saadeti kuningannaks Westminster Towerisse. Abbey's. Inglismaa iseseisvuse kaitsmine. Vaenlased Prantsusmaa,Sotimaa, Hispaania. Lahing Hispaania `'võitmatu'' armaada vastu aastal 1588. Maadeuurijad, meresõitjad.
jaanuar 1547 Kuningas aastatel 1509 1547 Oli Henry VII ja Yorki Elisabethi teine poeg Sai tuntuks tänu oma abielude ja usupoliitikaga Haridus Ta sai hea hariduse Õppis filosoofiat, musitseerimist, maalimist, sõjakunsti ja ka teisi teadmisi Ta oskas lisaks inglise keelel ka ladina, prantsuse ja itaalia keelt Huvitus ka usuasjadest (väga noorelt) Abikaasad Kokku 6 abikaasat Catherine of Aragon (1509 1533) Anne Boleyn (1533 1536) Jane Seymour (1536 1537) Anne of Cleves (1540 Jaanuar Juuli) Kathryn Howard (1540 1542) Katherine Parr (1543 1547) Sõjad Itaalia sõda (15421546) Cambrai liiga sõda (15081516) Guinegate lahing Flodden Fieldi lahing Sõjad Prantsusmaa vastu Viimased eluaastad Jäi väga haigeks Ei suutnud enam käia, lebas voodis Hakkas nägema hallutsinatsioone ja kaotas vahel teadvuse
Tall and thickset Blue-grey eyes Short auburn hair Beard Handsom in his youth, became bloated and fat Dressed lavishly: gold collar, many jewelled rings Hobbies Threw javelin Hunting Archery Jousting Tennis Spoke French, Latin, some Italian Played the lute and harpsichord, sang well Six wives of Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon- divorced Anne Boleyn- executed Jane Seymour- died Anne of Cleves- divorced Kathryn Howard- executed Katherine Parr- widowed http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fadCAHjN-s Death and succession Died on 28 January 1547 at St James's Palace Buried at Windsor Castle Succeeded by his son Edward Thank you for your attention! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England#Death_and_succ http://tudorhistory.org/henry8/ http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/tudorbio.htm http://englishhistory
Elizabeth I Elizabeth I (7.09.1533-24.03.1603) Inglismaa ja Iirimaa kuninganna (17.11.1558 kuni surmani) Neitsikuninganna Isa-kuningas Henry VII, ema-Anne Boleyn Kuulutati vallaslapseks Omadused, iseloom Intelligentne Temperamentne Äkiline, sarkastiline Töökas Hea inimestetundja Armastas tähelepanu ja komplimente Tantsimine, muusika, ratsutamine, jahipidamine Valitsemine Asus valitsema heade nõuannete toel ja sõltus suuresti oma nõunikest Inglismaa muutus võimsaks mere- ning koloniaalriigiks kujunes lõplikult välja anglikaani kirik Üks tema motosid oli "video et taceo" ("ma
72% Christians (41 million people) 3% Muslims 1% Hindus 15% No Religion around ~19 550 churches in Britain Major Christian denominations in the Catholics UK Anglicans Baptists Lutherans Methodists Quakerism Shakers Presbyterianism The Salvation Army Congregationalism Scientologists Church of England How it began 1509 Henry VIII became king He was a devout catholic Wanted a divorce from Catherine Fell in love with Anne Boleyn Took the position of Supreme Head of the Church of England Anglicanism in the UK State religion of the UK is Christianity The monarch is the head of Church of England Church of England today Structure Starts off with the local parish church Runs: Priest Deanery (many parishes) Runs: Dean Archdeaconry (many deaneries) Runs: Archdeacon Diocese (many archdeaconries) Runs: Bishop Province (many dioceses)
It is 110 metres high. If you climb to the top of it, you'll see a wonderful view of London. The oldest building in the City is the historic White Tower, which was built by William the Conqueror in 1078. The whole group of buildings and towers is called the Tower of London. The Tower has a long, interesting history. It was a fortress, a royal palace and a prison. Many important prisoners have been executed there. Some say, that the ghosts of Anne Boleyn, Lady Jane Gray and others now live there. Nobody knows when the ravens came to the Tower of London, but an old legend says that if the ravens leave, the kingdom will fall. Today eight ravens live there, and each one has a name. No one wants the ravens to leave, so some feathers are taken away from their wings so they can't fly. At night they sleep in their cages and during day they are free to move around. Tower Bridge is a symbol of London and is one of the several bridges that cross
selgematel hetkedel voodist kuninglikke dekreete. Viimaks tabas teda siiski saatuslik haigusehoog ning 28. jaanuarl ta suri. Tõenäoliselt oli tõsiseimaks haiguseks, mis ta hauda viis, süüfilis, aga kuningas kannatas ka podagra ja arvatavasti ka mitmesuguste külmetushaiguste käes. 8. Pildid Henry VIII http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/henry81540c.jpg Henry VIII 1.naine Katariina http://www.berkshirehistory.com/bios/images/caragon.gif Henry VIII 2.naine Anne Boleyn http://images2.fanpop.com/images/photos/8200000/Anne-Boleyn-2nd-Queen-of-Henry-VIII-king-henry- viii-8263782-400-560.jpg Henry VIII 3.naine Jane Seymour http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~brown24e/classweb/images/image06.jpg Henry VIII 4.naine Anna http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QjuzUIuGxF4/TEDViShix2I/AAAAAAAAARw/O2UXMwM- ZGQ/s1600/Anne+of+Cleves.jpg Henry VIII 5.naine Kathryn Howard http://static.ulike.net/img/01_Portrait_of_Catherine_Howard.jpg Henry VIII 6
Elizabeth I John Ernest Neale Kokkuvõte 7.septembril 1533.aastal sündis Inglismaal Greencichis tütarlaps.Ta ei olnud tavaline väikelaps,sest tema ema oli hiljuti kroonitud Inglismaa kuninganna Anne Boleyn ja tema isa oli kuningas Henry VIII,üks Euroopa võimsamaid monarhe.Kolm päeva pärast sündimist ristiti laps Greenvichi palee kõrval olevas kirikus.Lapse nimeks sai Elizabeth nagu ka tema mõlemal vanaemal.Oleks võinud arvata,et vanemad olid õnnelikud pärast selist sündmust,kui Henry VIII oli soovinud saada poega,kellest oleks saanud tema troonipärija. Elizabethi noorus oli väga kirev ja segane aeg. Kuningas Henry VIII-l ei
Elizabethe Taylor, AlfredHitchock, Hugh Grant, Orlando Bloom, KeiraKnightley, Daniel Radcliffe Musicians & Singers: Sir Elton John,Phil Collins,George Michael,Robbie Williams King Henry VIII Born: June 28, 1491 at Greenwich Palace Parents: Henry VII and Elizabeth of Y ork House of Tudor Ascended to the throne: April 21, 1509 aged 17 years Crowned: June 24, 1509 at Westminster Abbey Married: (1) Catherine of Aragon 1509-1533 Divorced (2) Anne Boleyn 1533-1536 Beheaded (3) Jane Seymour 1536-1537 Died (4) Anne of Cleves 1540 Divorced (5) Catherine Howard 1540-1542 Beheaded (6) Catherine Parr 1543-1547 Survived Children: Three legitimate who survived infancy; Mary, Elizabeth and Edward. Several illegitimate children Died: January 28, 1547 at Whitehall Palace, London, aged 55 years Reigned for: 37 years, 9 months, and 7 days William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 23 April 1616) was an English poet and
Henry VIII üritas vältida sattumist Hispaania ja Prantsusmaa vahelisse sõtta ja seetõttu oli tema suhtumine mõlema riigi suhtes külm. Henry VIII kuus naist Catherine Aragonist abielu kestis 1509.a. - 1533.a. Abielu käigus sündis mitu last, aga ellu jäi vaid üks Mary. Abielu lõppes tühistusega. Mary I oli esimene Inglismaa ja Iirimaa Kuninganna aastatel 1553-1558. Oma vaadete ja valitsus viisi tõttu nimetati teda ka Katoliiklane ning Verine. Anne Boleyn abielu kestis 1533.a. 1536.a. Abielus sündis 4 last, kellest kolm poega surid kohe peale sündimist või juba sündisid surnuna. Ellu jäi vaid esimene tüdruk Elisabeth. Anne Boleyni süüdistati riigireetmises ja abieluväliste suhetes, mille karistus oli pea maha raiumine 1536. Elisabeth I oli teine Inglismaa ja Iirimaa Kuninganna, kes oli troonil 45 aastat. Teda kutsuti ka neitsikuningannaks, kuna ta ei abiellunud ega saanud järglasi. Tudori dünastia suri koos temaga.
Explain. Henry VII established the Court of Star Chamber to make the barons give up their private armies and overall restored finances by collecting taxes. Also Henry VII extended royal control over local government through the local magistrates called justice of peace. 2. What was the idea of the Act of supremacy? With passing the Act of Supremacy, Henry VIII was made the head of the Church of England and he was now free to divorce Catherine and marry Anne Boleyn. 3. Why did Henry VIII get the title Fidei Defensor? The title was given to him by the pope because Henry VIII was against Protestantism and other religious reforms by J. Calvin and M. Luther. For that, the pope named Henry VIII the Fidei Defensor, meaning Defender of the Faith 4. Why did Mary I get the nickname Bloody Mary? Because during her reign, England became officially a Roman Catholic country,
aastal. Teda on nimetatud ka neitsikuningannaks, sest ta ei abiellunud kunagi. Elizabeth I oli kuningas Henry VIII ja Anne Boleyni tütar ning Mary I ja Edward VI poolõde. Tema ajal muutus Inglismaa võimsaks mere ning koloniaalriigiks ja kujunes lõplikult välja anglikaani kirik. Elizabethi hüüdnimede seas olid ka Gloriana ja Hea Kuninganna Bess. Ta oli Tudorite dünastia viies ja viimane valitseja. Kuna ta oli Henry VIII tütar, sündis ta printsessina, ent tema ema Anne Boleyn hukati kaks ja pool aastat pärast tema sündi ning Elizabeth kuulutati vallaslapseks. Elizabeth I valitsemine Elizabethi valitsusaega nimetatakse Elizabethi ajastuks. Eelkõige tuntakse seda Inglise draama poolest, mille kuulsaimad esindajad on William Shakespeare ja Christopher Marlowe, ning Inglise meresõitjate poolest, keda esindab näiteks Francis Drake. Mõned ajaloolased on oma hinnangutes siiski vaoshoitumad,
York(white rose) House of York won > Henry Tudor became Henry VII The Tudors 16th c. a lively period : new learning, sea exploration, naval victories, trade expansion 1588 : the sinking of the Spanish armada ( Sir Francis Drake naval leader, first Englishman to sail around the world Walter Raleigh : explorer of America, brought potatoes &tobacco to England Powerful Tudor Monarchs: 14911547 Henry VIII had 6 wives ( the secoond was Anne Boleyn ) established the church of England ( Protestant/Anglican ) and became its head 15581603 Elisabeth I one of the greatest monarchs of England a long and golden period commercial prosperity intellectual brilliance literature ( W.Shakespeare ) The Stuarts 17th c. 1603 James VI of Scotland inherits Englands' throne 1605, November 5 : Guy Fawkes Night ( Bonfire Night ) conflicts between the king and the parliament leads to the Civil War Oliver Cromwell
Puritaanid, protestandid. Henri 8. inglismaa reformatsiooni eestvedaja. Mary Stuart Henri 8. ja Catherine tütar. Henri loos anglikaani kiriku. Ta loos selle kiriku, et oma naisest lahutada ja uus võtta. See loodi 1534 supremaatia akti vastuvõtmisega. Ta kaotas ära kloostrid ja sai nende varad endale. Sekulariseerimine kloostri maade ja varade riigistamine. Anglikaani usk oli kohustuslik, kuid selle usu mõttest ei saadud aru ja hakati tõstma mässe. Henri VIII. Anne Boleyn henri teine naine. Inglismaa aksepteeris vaid Henri esimest naist. Elisabeth I anne ja Henri laps. Anne hukati, sest Henri väitis et naine pettis teda. Jane Seymor nad said poja Edwardi. Ed oli kehva tervisega. Jane suri teise lapse sünnitamisel. Anne - saksamaa printsess. Tegelikult Henri ja Anne kohtusid vaid korra. Ametlikult olid nad siiski abielus. Catherine temaga Henri lapsi ei saanud. Ta pettis Henrit ja ka temal võeti pea maha. Catherine kuues naine. Rahulik kooselu
The 1st was Martin Luther's posting of his Ninety-five Theses on a church door in Wittenberg, Germany, in 1517, an act which heralded the Reformation. The 2nd event was brought about by the desire of Henry VIII for a male heir and his wish to divorce Catherine of Aragon, who had borne only one child, Mary. When the Pope refused to end the marriage, Henry, with an eye also to seizing the vast and wealthy holdings of the Church, overthrew papal jurisdiction, married Anne Boleyn, and was declared, with Parliament's help, head of the English Church. Thus England became a Protestant nation. 8. Why was the time of Queen Mary's reign a troubled time? Mary was a devout Catholic. Her attempts to restore Catholicism to the country resulted in internal turmoil and much bloodshed. 9. In what way was Elizabeth I able to keep peace and order in the country? Under Elizabeth, order was restored and England entered upon her most glorious age.
11:30am at the gates of Buckingham Palace, you can see the Changing of the Guard. St. Paul's Cathedral is the centre of the city and the Royal Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana took place there. Tower Bridge on the river Thames, is a drawbridge which can be raised to let ships pass through. The Tower of London is the old Norman fortress built by William the Conqueror. It is guarded by Beefeaters, the Crown Jewels are on show there. Many people (such as Anne Boleyn, mother of Queen Elizabeth I) were executed there. Eight ravens are kept at the Tower; a legend says that the tower will fall if they leave. Houses of Parlament is the place where the House of Lords and the House of commons meet to discuss and pass laws. Big Ben is the symbol of London. It is the nickname of the bell in the clock tower next to the Houses of Parlament. The British Museum is the largest and richest museum in the world. It was
aastate teisel poolel paavstivõimuga konflikti, mis tõi enesega kaasa reformatsiooni teostamise ülevalt poolt. Henry VIII abikaasad Nimi Eluaastad Abielus Henry Surma põhjus VIII-ga Aragoni 1485-1536 1509-1533 loomulik surm Katherine Anne Boleyn 1501-1536 1533-1536 hukatud Jane Seymour 1509-1537 1536-1537 suri pärast poja sünnitamist Cleve`i Ann 1515-1557 1540 loomulik surm
Nimi Eluaastad Abielus Henry VIII- Surma põhjus ga Aragoni 1485-1536 1509-1533 loomulik surm Katherine Anne Boleyn 1501-1536 1533-1536 hukatud Jane Seymour 1509-1537 1536-1537 suri pärast poja sünnitamist
the river Thames. Countless prisoners, including the future Queen Elisabeth I, were brought to the Tower by barge and went up the steps before being imprisoned for many it was their last moment of freedom before their death. Fortunately, Elisabeth was released from the Tower and later became Queen. Elisabeth's father, Henry VII, made the Tower the feared destination of his enemies. Sir Thomas More was beheaded there in 1535 and the King's second wife, Anne Boleyn, was beheaded on Tower Green in 1536. Six years later Catherine Howard, Henry VIII's fifth wife, suffered the same fate. The Gunpowder plot conspirators were interrogated in the Tower before being executed. The Tower is famous as home of the Crown Jewels. Today they can be viewed in their special jewel house ( built in 1967) from a moving pavement. They include the Crown of Queen Elisabeth the Queen Mother which contains the celebrated Indian diamond, the Koh-I- noor and St
Manufaktuuritööstus. Kalevitööstuse areng -> lambakasvatuse laienemine. Selleks tehtu oma põldudest karjamaad, talupojad aeti ära oma maadelt. Kõikjale pandi tarastikke, tarastamine. Talupojad osad manufaktuuridesse, enamik pauperiseerus(vaesus), Muutusid kerjusteks jms. Nende vastu võeti vastu karmid abinõud. Henry VIII. 1509-1547 valitses. Saavutas suure võimu. Humanismiideed, renessansskultuur. Esimene naine Katariina, Aragoni printsess. Teine Anne Boleyn. 1529 löödi lahku Roomast. Ja siis lahutas veel ja võttis veel naisi. Thomas More. Humanist, ,,Utoopia," kirjeldab reisi, eraomanduse puudumine, ühisomand, kõikidele kohustuslik töö. Patriarhaalne perekond. Utoopiline sotsialism. Ususõjad Prantsusmaal Hugenotisõjad, ususõjad. Enam ei kutsutud kokku generaalstaate, vaid Notaablite Kogu. Kuningavõimu piirasid ainult kohtuasutused parlamendid. Eriti tähtis oli Pariisi parlament. Maksukoormuste suurenemine.
Inglismaale (nim puritaanid) ja Šotimaale (nim presbüterlased). 3.4. Usupuhastus Inglismaal: Inglismaa kuningas Henry VIII (valitses 1509 – 1547) ei pooldanud alguses reformatsiooni ja oli tuline katoliikluse kaitsja. Usupuhastuse ajendiks oli kuninga soov lahutada oma seinine abielu Aragoni Katariinaga (mis ei olnud andnud meessoost troonipärijat) ja abielluda uuesti õuedaam Anne Boleyn`iga. Rooma paavst keeldus selleks nõusolekut andmast ning Henry VIII otsustas katoliku kirikust lahku lüüa ja viia usupuhastus läbi ülevalt poolt. 1534 supremaatiaaktiga (lad k supremus – kõrgeim) kuulutas parlament kuninga Inglise riigikiriku (anglikaani kiriku) peaks. Inglismaal suleti kõik kloostrid, kiriku ja kloostrite varad riigistati, keelati indulgentside müük ja tehti lõpp pühakute säilmete austamisele. Jumalateenistusi hakati anglikaani
him, he was asked to use his influence in Rome to get a papal annulment for the divorce. Wolsey was anable to do this, his downfall began. He was accused of treason, he died on a journey to trial Catherine of Aragon A spanish princess, Henry´s wife. She had borne him 5 children, but only Mary survived. King demanded a male heir to protect Tudor dynasty. After Henry proclaimed hismelf the Head of the English church, he secretly married Anne Boleyn . Catherine was forced to live much reduced conditions and denied access to her daughter. Anne Boleyn Second wife. She was already pregnant when getting married. They had a daughter Elizabeth, alter Elizabeth I. Anne miscarried a deformed male fetus, henry was convinced, God had damned this marriage. Anne was publicly executed Jane Seymour 3rd wife. Brought the male heir to the Tudor throne. Edward, later Edward VI.
Sai aru et Inglismaal ei ole tal võimalik inglisekeelset piiblit tõlkida ja siirdus Saksamaale. 1525 lõpetas piibli tõlkimise. Wormsis andis trükki 1526. See on esimene inglisekeelne Uue testamendi trükk. Miles Coverdale-i kogu piibli tõlge. Pole nii hea tõlkega kui Tyndale’i oma. Tyndale’i piibel on siiamaani aluseks. 1611 James I kinnitab Inglismaa piibli, kus Tyndale’i tõlge jääb püsima Henry VIII positsioon luterlusse. Henry VIII abielu Aragoni Katariinaga, Anne Boleyn ja lahutustaotlus paavstilt. Henry ei toetanud luterlust ja surmani pidas seda pigem ketserluseks. 1509 abiellus oma surnud venna Arthuri lese Aragoni Katariinaga. 24 aastat ei andnud elavat troonipärijat. Ainuke ellujäänu oli hilisem kuninganna Mary I. Henry VIII’le oli poeg aga ülimalt oluline Tudorite liini jätkamiseks. 1526.aastal armus Henry VIII õuedaami Anne Boleyn’i. Paavst Clemens VII keeldus andmast luba lahutuseks. Tegemist polnud ainult dogmaatiliste tõekspidamisetega,
events that led to England's break with the Roman Catholic Church. Henry was dissatisfied with the marriage because all their sons had died in childhood, leaving only Princess Mary as an heiress. Despite of the Pope's refusal to annulment of theire marrige, Henry did it himself and married another. Until the end of her life Catherine would refer to herself as Henry's only wife. She was forbidden to see her daughter Mary, but they wrote to each other secretly. *Anne Boleyn She was the Queen of England, the second wife of Henry VIII. She refused to marry Henry before annulment of his marriage to Catherine. When the Pope refused to grant the annulment, the argument between King Henry and the Roman Catholic Church began. Anne gave in to Henry and soon became pregnant and the two were secretly married. However, because the child was conceived before Anne and Henry were legitimately wed it was considered a bastard
troonipärijat ei sündinud ning viiest tütrestki jäi ellu vaid üks. Nüüd soovis kuningas end temast kuus aastat vanemast naisest lahutada ja abielluda endast 16 aastat noorema õuedaami Anne Boleyniga. 1527 alanud pikki aastaid väldanud läbirääkimised paavstikuuriaga tulemusi ei andnud: Aragoni Katariina oli Karl V tädi ning pärast Pavia lahingut ei olnud paavstil vähimatki soovi keisriga tülli minna. Et Anne Boleyn ei leppinud vaid kuninga armukese osaga, tuli Henry VIII-l alustada omal käel reformatsiooni. Kuningas esitas parlamendile terve rea seadusettepanekuid, mis samm-sammult vähendasid paavsti mõjuvõimu Inglismaal. 1532. aastal loobuti paavstikuuriale maksude tasumisest. Järgmisel aastal nimetati Canterbury peapiiskopiks - Inglismaa kõrgeimaks vaimulikuks - senine kuninga kaplan Thomas Cranmer, kellest sai peamine reformatsiooni läbiviija. Cranmer korraldas kiiresti
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