structure of a society, e.g. Liminality, Ndembu Ritual "Liminality" · Liminal (Latin limin-, limen meaning threshold). Relating to a transitional or initial stage; marginal, insignificant, occupying a position on, or on both sides of a boundary or threshold. Arnold van Gennep (1873-1957): · Separation (from previous status). · Marginal or liminal period (transition). · Reincorporation of those passing into new statuses Victor W Turner (1920-1983): · Liminality as "Betwixt and Between Time". · Liminality is fraught with danger and opportunity. Why? · Anti-Structure: "liberation of human capacities of cognition, affect, volition, creativity, etc., from normative constraints ... a kind of institutional capsule or pocket which contains the germ of future social developments, of societal change" Ndembu of Zambia: Infertility Ritual & Social Structure · Unable to achieve pregnancy woman consults a diviner
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