Keelefilosoofia raamat
two terms can share their referent but differ in meaning--"Joseph Ratzinger"
and "the Pope," for example.
It looks as though we should conclude that there must be at least one
way of being a meaningful expression other than by naming something, pos-
sibly even for some expressions that do name things. There are a number of
theories of meaning that surpass the Referential Theory, even though each
theory faces difficulties of its own. We shall look at some of the theories and
their besetting difficulties in Part II. But first, in the next three chapters, we
shall look further into the nature of naming, referring, and the like, in part
6 Philosophy of Language
because, despite the failings of the Referential Theory of Meaning, refer-
ence remains important in its own right, and in part because a discussion
of reference will help us introduce some concepts that will be needed in the
assessment of theories of meaning.
Summary
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