Scotland
in what became known as the Wars of Scottish Independence. The nature of the struggle changed dramatically when
Robert de Brus, Earl of Carrick, became king (as Robert I). War with England continued for several decades, and a civil
war between the Bruce dynasty and their long-term Comyn-Balliol rivals, the flashpoint of which could be traced to the
slaying in a Dumfries church of John 'the Red' Comyn of Badenoch by Bruce and his supporters, lasted until the middle
of the 14th century. Although the Bruce dynasty was successful, David II's lack of an heir allowed his nephew Robert II
to come to the throne and establish the Stewart Dynasty. The Stewarts ruled Scotland for the remainder of the Middle
Ages. The country they ruled experienced greater prosperity from the end of the 14th century through the Scottish
Renaissance to the Reformation
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