Writers: John Milton ("Paradise Lost", poems; "Areopagitica", defense of free speech; personal freedom and knowledge of self, contemporary urgent issues of both religious and political nature; high time during Civil War; "Eikonoklaste"); John Dryden (heroic couplet as new standard in poetry, satiric verses; influenced many 18th century writers; "Absalom & Achitophel") Augustan Age (early 18th century) admired and emulated the original Augustan Age Aftermath of the Glorious Revolution: Bill of Rights (constitutional monarchy), Act of Toleration (except Catholics); Treaty of Union (now Great Britain); growing empire, influenced situations in NA Age of Enlightenment: Descartes: "cogito ergo sum"; Thomas Hobbes "Leviathan" (liberal thought); Isaac Newton (new scientific views); John Locke (father of political liberalism) The British Empire: first expeditions (1496 Cabot); breaking into the Atlantic (1562); colonies (1584)
Palladio – late 16th C architect. England needed change (Pope’s Essay on Criticism – called for national change in taste and ideas). New style of „the antique simplicity”. Burlington had all the drawings of Jones and Palladio, used them as an architect. Reformed architectural style. Palladianism was to become a national style. Burlington house – palazzo. Land around it. Ha-ha. Garden made of series of pictures, after Ancient Rome. 18. The Augustan publishing explosion and expansion of literacy 18th C, London cultural mecca of the Augustan age, great urban development, the city of enlightenment, scientific revolution. Cultural efforescence linked with remarkable economic and financial boom (ordinary people better off). Emergence of professional writer (A.Pope) -> because there was audience like never before („middling sort” – merchant and professional classes).
A.Canova ,,Amor ja Psyche" A.Canova Kolm graatsiat A.Canova Venus B.Thorvaldsen ,,Jason" J.L.David ,,Horatiuse vanne" J.L.David ,,Marat` surm" J.L.David "Napoleon Alpe ületamas" Sellel lehel on kõik J.A.Ingres "Suur odalisk" näited Klassitsismis J.A.Ingres "Napoleon keisritroonil" t Turner "vihm, aur, kiirus" Turner " Temeraire viimane J. Constable "Salisbury NB! EI TEA KAS TA teekond" katedraal" MÕTLES LUMETORMI ALL SEDA ...
4. It is ok to put milk and sugar in your tea and coffee or to drink them both without either. 5. If you've accidentally taken too much food and you cannot possibly eat it all you should say :"I'm sorry, but it seems that 'my eyes are bigger than my stomach." English literature Old English Renaissance literature Elizabethan Era Jacobean literature Caroline and Cromwellian literature Restoration literature Augustan literature Romanticism Sports Football is the national sport in England and plays a significant role in English culture. The modern global game of Football was first codified in 1863 in London . England is the joint oldest national team in the world, along with the Scotland national football team. The first recorded women's football match in England was more than 100
Romantic movement. Work: "Ode to a Nightingale", "Women , wine and snuff" and " I stood tiptoe upon a little hill" Romantic age and the age of Reason. Differences. Writers turned toward what they taught are more daring, individual and imaginative approach to both literature and life. The Romantic writers understood the greatness of the writers of the Age of Reason, but they felt the need to strike out new directions. They tended to believe that the Augustan dedication to common sense and experience, reasonableness and tradition had resulted in a limitation of vision. Writers of The age of Reason tended to regard evil as basic part of human nature Romantic writers generally saw humanity as naturally good. In the picture is The encyclopedia of the Age of Enlightenment. Music In music composers started to use folk. There was larger variety of instruments, long dramatic melodies, extreme tempos, dissonant harmonies.
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