.................................................................................... 9 5.ARUTELU JA TAGAJÄRJED................................................................................ 11 KIRJANDUS......................................................................................................... 12 2 SISSEJUHATUS Käesolevas töös on refereeritud Lee Kong Chian School of Business uuringut „On Uncertainty, Ambiguity, and Complexity in Project Management“. Antud uuring on koostatud 2002. aastal augusti kuus ning on kättesaadav internetis. Töö eesmärgiks on ülevaade projekti juhtimisega seotud probleemidest, ebakindulsest ning keerukusest. Uuring on koostasid Michael Pichi, Christoph Locki ja Arnoud de Meyeri poolt. Uuringus on välja toodud, kuidas kavandada projekti ning hilisemalt ellu viimine, projekti monitooring, arutelu ja tagajärjed. 3 1
35. Holesaler - Hulgimüüja 36. Freight - Vedu 37. Novel - Romaan 38. Chapter - Peatükk 39. Recent - Hiljutine 40. Freightliner - Kiirkaubarong 41. Commodity - Kaup, tarbeese 42. Niche market - Erisegment 43. Implement - Rakendama 44. Core - Tuum 45. Core capital - Põhivara 46. Interoperatibility - Koostöövõime 47. Diffusion - Hajutatus, levimine 48. Transact - Äri ajama, teostama 49. Interface - Kasutajaliides 50. Ensuing – Järgnev 51. Commerce - Kaubandus 52. Ambient - Muutuv 53. Ambiguity - Mitmetähenduslikkus 54. Implication - Mõistaandmine 55. External - Tunnused 56. Constrain - Piirama 57. Encapsulate - Kokkusuruma 58. Dispatch - Täideviimine, saadetis 59. Dispatch cargo - Veost saatma 60. Setup - Sättestik 61. Retrievable - Kättesaadav, taastatav 62. Decouple - Eralduma 63. Spatial - Ruumiline 64. Middleware - Vahetarkvara 65. Template - Mall 66. Payload - Kasulik koormus 67. Payload capacity - Kasulik kandevõime 68. Unified - Ühendatud 69
Core capital Põhivara Infovahetusvõime, 46. Interoperatibility koostöövõime 47. Diffusion Hajutatus, levimine 48. Transact Äri ajama, teostama 49. Interface Kasutajaliides Tulemusel tekkinud, 50. Ensuing järgnev 51. Commerce Kaubandus 52. Ambient Muutuv 53. Ambiguity Mitmetähenduslikkus 54. Implication Mõistaandmine Välispidine, välised 55. External tunnused 56. Constrain Piirama 57. Encapsulate Kokkusuruma 58. Dispatch Täideviimine, saadetis 59. Dispatch cargo Veost saatma 60. Setup Sättestik 61. Retrievable Kättesaadav, taastatav 62
määramiseks mõeldud globaalse standardi arendamiseks. DNA triipkoodi standardgeen Siiani on CBOL poolt heaks kiidetud ainult üks geen, mis "töötab" hästi loomariigis. So. 648 aluspaari (nukleotiidi) pikkune mitokondri tsütokroom C oksidaasi I geeni (COI) region (ingl. k. - mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (CO1). Kümme põhjust miks DNA triipkoodi põhine määramine on oluline: Works with fragments Works for all stages of life Unmasks look-alikes Reduces ambiguity Makes expertise go further Democratizes access Opens the way for an electronic handheld field guide Sprouts new leaves on the tree of life Demonstrates value of collections Speeds writing the encyclopedia of life Kriitiline on DNA triipkoodi täpsus! Kui täpne on DNA triipkoodi põhine määramine kui tegemist on põhjalikult uuritud taksoniga? Hästi uuritud takson: 1. Morfoloogial põhinevad 2. ESU - evolutionary significant Unit (morfol. + geneet.) tsütokroom C oksidaasi I geen (COI) 1
A=1 lõiked 0(, 0) ja 0(0, Fv) Fv = 1,45 GHz f = 20 MHz Täisnurkse impulsisisese modulatsioonita sondeeriva signaali korral on tema määramatuse funktsioon leitav valemiga: sin(Fv (Ta - )) 0(, Fv) = FvTa Siia kolmemõõtmeline määramatuse funktsiooni joonis. Vihjena: otsi netist sellist matlabi m-faili nagu http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/10961-ambiguity-function-plot ja õige tulemus peaks olema ambiquity function of a pulse 0(, Fv) on keerulise reljeefiga kahemõõtmeline funktsioon, mida graafiliselt edastada on küllaltki keeruline. Sellepärast kasutatakse määramatuse funktsiooni uurimisel selle lõikeid erinevate tasapindadega. Juhul kui Fv = 0, siis 0(, 0) = 1 - , kui Ta ja 0(, 0) = 0, kui Ta Ta Siia nt. mathcadiga tehtud joonis, mis on tuttav digisignaalide töötlemise õpikust.
to be associated with males, while the second more with fem Maskuliinsus- feminiinsus 2 Masculinity is high in Japan, in some European countries like Germany, Austria and Switzerland, and moderately high in Anglo countries; it is low in Nordic countries and in the Netherlands and moderately low in some Latin and Asian countries like France, Spain and Thailand. Määramatuse vältimine The dimension deals with a society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. It indicates to what extent a culture programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations. Unstructured situations are novel, unknown, surprising, different from usual. Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situations by strict laws and rules, safety and security measures, and on the philosophical and religious level by a belief in absolute Truth. The opposite type, uncertainty accepting cultures,
money? How religious was he? Pardoners granted papal indulgences--reprieves from penance in exchange for charitable donations to the Church. Many pardoners, including this one, collected profits for themselves. In fact, Chaucer's Pardoner excels in fraud, carrying a bag full of fake relics--for example, he claims to have the veil of the Virgin Mary. The Pardoner has long, greasy, yellow hair and is beardless. These characteristics were associated with shiftiness and gender ambiguity in Chaucer's time. The Pardoner also has a gift for singing and preaching whenever he finds himself inside a church. What is the proposition of the innkeeper? The leader of the group, the Host is large, loud, and merry, although he possesses a quick temper. He mediates among the pilgrims and facilitates the flow of the tales. His title of "host" may be a pun, suggesting both an innkeeper and the Eucharist, or Holy Host. Who is chosen as the leader of the pilgrimage? The host
second more with females. Masculinity is high in Japan, in some European countries like Germany, Austria and Switzerland, and moderately high in Anglo countries; it is low in Nordic countries and in the Netherlands and moderately low in some Latin and Asian countries like France, Spain and Thailand. 48 Määramatuse vältimine The dimension deals with a society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. It indicates to what extent a culture programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations. Unstructured situations are novel, unknown, surprising, different from usual. Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situations by strict laws and rules, safety and security measures, and on the philosophical and religious level by a belief in absolute Truth. The opposite type,
2.The written product of the process in No.1 3.Mental, social, linguistic etc phenomenon related to the written product in No.2 It is not quite enough nowadays, because translating is not only about written product. For example, translating to deaf people via sign language, or dubbing (animated) movies and shows to the local language • Context – definition (how may it vary). Why we need it (3 reasons) + be able to bring and identify examples. How translators benefit from it? 1. Resolve ambiguity 2. Provide referents to thus, then, he, it , that. 3. Make sense of elliptical sentences (shortened form of sentence) Example: A: Where are you going? B: To school (I’m going to school) – elliptical A: Ready? B: Ready Immidiate words Paragraph The entire text (wtf?) • Register – language user and language use. Language user – time, region and society (what do these notions mean and what are some problems associated to them?); language use – tenor, mode and
Kujundiline keelekasutus ka igapäevaelus, nt. arvutiterminid: hiir, töölaud, Windows. Keele rituaalne aspekt: tähtpäevad, rituaalid, väljaspool igapäevaelu kogemust > suurem vajadus mittehariliku, poeetilise keele järele. Luule > omaette ruum, kus keele viipelist ja loovat mõõdet praktiseerida, arendada ja nautida. Keele läbipaistmatus: mitmekihiline tähendus, mitmetimõistetavus (ambiguity), sõnamängud Keele loov paindlikkus > keel võimaldab lõputuid assotsiatsioone objektide, sündmuste, isikute jne. vahel. Luule. e poeesia (poiema > kreeka k. `tehtu', `loodu', `esile toodu', poiesis > `loov oskus', `kunst') tähistab kõiki värss- ehk seotud kõnes teosed. Valdavalt lüüriline, võib olla ka eepiline või dramaatiline Värss. > lad. K. `vagu', `(kirja)rida', Värsi piir kattub süntagma või lause lõpuga. Siire
Kujundiline keelekasutus ka igapäevaelus, nt. arvutiterminid: hiir, töölaud, Windows. Keele rituaalne aspekt: tähtpäevad, rituaalid, väljaspool igapäevaelu kogemust > suurem vajadus mittehariliku, poeetilise keele järele. Luule > omaette ruum, kus keele viipelist ja loovat mõõdet praktiseerida, arendada ja nautida. Keele läbipaistmatus: mitmekihiline tähendus, mitmetimõistetavus (ambiguity), sõnamängud Keele loov paindlikkus > keel võimaldab lõputuid assotsiatsioone objektide, sündmuste, isikute jne. vahel. Luule. e poeesia (poiema > kreeka k. ‘tehtu’, ‘loodu’, ‘esile toodu’, poiesis > ‘loov oskus’, ‘kunst’) tähistab kõiki värss- ehk seotud kõnes teosed. Valdavalt lüüriline, võib olla ka eepiline või dramaatiline Värss. > lad. K. ‘vagu’, ‘(kirja)rida’, Värsi piir kattub süntagma või lause lõpuga. Siire
koordinaadid B1, L1, B2, L2. Pöördülesandel tuleb vastastikust eraldatust ajas ja ruumis. osalevad antennid uhtemoodi. Eri antennitüüpidel on faasipunkt tõenäoliselt eri vastuvõtjaid,kusjuures üldtundmatud lahendatakse kohtades, seega on soovitav kasutada sessioonis FARA(Fast Ambiguity Resolution Algorith) ühesuguseid vastuvõtjaid. algoritmiga vahetult töös.Satelliide liikuste 43. Milleks kasutatakse andmetöötlusel kaotamine ei ole siin eriti ohtlik,sest peale lukustuse lineaarkombinatsioone? Kuidas nim. nelja taastamist laehendatakse vähem kui minuti jooksul põhilistnkombinatsiooni?- Suhteliste mõõtmise uus üldtundmatu.
Absense of interpersonal Low Medium Low Ensure the frequent simultaneous presence in the communication between IT employees office for personal reasons Encourage common lucnhes Arrange biannual company events Ambiguity of workflow High High High Introduction of project-based task-handling system Monthly meeting for resolution of unclarities Lack of proper instruction and High High Medium Introduction of actual chain of command and
üheseltmõistetavalt. Nõuete kirjeldamise ning arendamise tehnoloogiat nimetatakse nõudmiste ehitamiseks (requirements engineering) [HU+]. See on hetkel küllalt reglementeerimata ning Eesti praktikas üsna vähetuntud valdkond. Tarkvaranõuded ja spetsifikatsioonid koostatakse enamasti inimkeeles, kuna erinevalt formaalsetest spetsifitseerimiskeeltest on see arusaadav kõigile osapooltele. Inimkeele kasutamisega kaasneb paratamatult mitmetimõistetavus (ambiguity) olukord, kus kirjeldatud nõudmisel on rohkem kui üks võimalik interpretatsioon. Kuna tarkvaranõuded peavad olema siiski täpsed ja kõigile üheselt mõistetavad, siis on vajalik teada, kus ja millisel moel võib mitmetimõistetavus tekkida ning kuidas seda vältida. Võimalikke ohtusid teades ja silmas pidades saab oluliselt vähendada inimkeele mitmetimõistetavust. Nõuete täpsustamisele ning mitmetimõistetavuste avastamisele aitab kaasa testilugude
Erilise tähtsuse omistamine Metafoorne ja temaatiline ühtsus UUSKRIITIKA 49.Tekkepõhjused ja põhialused Tekkepõhjused 1940 - 1950ndad, alguse saanud 20. saj. alguses Toetub modernistlike luuletajate Ezra Poundi ja T. S. Elioti töödele, mõjutatud modernistlikust esteetikast laiemalt. J. C. Ransom The New Criticism (1941), I. A. Richards, Practical Criticism (1929); The Philosophy of Rhetoric (1936), W. Empson, Seven Types of Ambiguity (1930), C. Brooks & R. P. Warren Understanding Poetry (1938), Understanding Fiction (1943) Uuskriitika moto "The text itself" > tekstikesksus Põhiline uuritav zanr < luule Põhimõisted, alused Intentional fallacy kavatsuslik eksitus Affective fallacy tundmuslik eksitus Põhimeetod: lähilugemine e. eksplikatsioon (close reading), detailne ja nünssidele keskenduv teksti koostisosade analüüs, eriti fookuses teksti mitmetähenduslikkus (ambiguity).
Kunst ja vaimuhaigus Sürrealistide Trema (Giorgio Chirico) Sass, Louis A. Madness and Modernism: Insanity in the Light of Modern Art, Literature and Thought. Harvard University Press, 1994 9. Uuskriitika 1920-50.aa, Inglismaa, USA (1960-1980.aa: uuskriitikute õpilased) Uuskriitikud Inglismaa: Ivor Armstrong Richards (Practical Criticism, 1929; The Philosophy of Rhetoric, 1936); William Empson (Seven Types of Ambiguity, 1930) USA: Monroe C. Beardsley, Cleanth Brooks, John Crowe Ransom, Allen Tate, Robert Penn Warren, William K. Wimsatt, (T. S. Eliot) Uuskriitika tekkis USAs vastuseks: biograafilisele lähenemisele kirjandusteaduses USA akadeemilise hariduse pragmatismile ning reaalteaduste eelistamisele tarbimisühiskonna ja massikultuuri kiirele arengule Prioriteedid: Kunst kui eriline tunnetusvorm: elitaarse kunsti, Lääne traditsiooni, kaanoni autoriteetsus
Luule ei ole eristatud keelekasutuse tsoon, vaid keel ongi oma olemuselt poeetiline/viipeline. Kujundiline keelekasutus ka igapäevaelus. Keele rituaalne aspekt: tähtpäevad, rituaalid, väljaspool igapäevaelu kogemust - suurem vajadus mittehariliku, poeetilise keele järele. Luule - omaette ruum, kus keele viipelist ja loovat mõõdet praktiseerida, arendada ja nautida. Keele läbipaistmatus: mitmekihiline tähendus, mitmetimõistetavus (ambiguity), sõnamängud. Keele loov paindlikkus - keel võimaldab lõputuid assotsiatsioone objektide, sündmuste, isikute jne vahel. 9. Luule e poeesia valdavalt lüüriline, võib olla ka eepiline või dramaatiline. Värss e vagu, rida. Siire süntaktilise ühiku või lause lahutamine kahe värsirea piires. Värsisüsteemid kujundavad luule rütmi, eristatakse järgnevaid süsteeme: SILBILIS-PROSOODILINE, PROSOODILINE, SILBILINE, SILBILISRÕHULINE, RÕHULINE, VABAVÄRSS, VÄLTELINE
the French symbolist poetry (1980, 237), Regan clarifies that we could consider him a poet antisymbolist who makes a use ironic of the ideas and symbolist techniques (1991, 34). In fact, one of his first poems, “Femmes Damnées” (1943), is an adaptation sui generis of the “Femmes Damnées” of Baudelaire, whereas Hartley (1988, 135) finds in “If, My Darling” an echo of “Spleen” of Baudelaire. Ana Balakian defines the baudeleriano symbolism as “to refinement of the art of ambiguity to express the indeterminate in human sensibilities and in the natural phenomena” (1993, 1256), and certainly, at some moments Larkin it approaches the undetermined thing: in that last strophe of “High Windows” or in the end of “Here”; in those “warp tight-shut” (T316: 38) or in those “sand-clouds, thick and close” (T316: 42) of “Dockery and Are”; or in that “peak that stays in view to wherever the go” (T284: 43) of “The Old Fools”
" When electric speed further takes over from mechanical movie sequences, then the lines of force in structures and in media become loud and clear. We return to the inclusive form of the icon. To a highly literate and mechanized culture the movie appeared as a world of triumphant illusions and dreams that money could buy. It was at this moment of the movie that cubism occurred, and it has been described by E. H. Gombrich (Art and Illusion) as "the most radical attempt to stamp out ambiguity and to enforce one reading of the picture-that of a man-made construction, a colored canvas." For cubism substitutes all facets of an object simultaneously for the "point of view" or facet of perspective illusion. Instead of the specialized illusion of the third dimension on canvas, cubism sets up an interplay of planes and contradiction or dramatic conflict of patterns, lights, textures that "drives home the message" by involvement.
Éva Pócs in turn identifies three varieties of witch in popular belief: · The "neighbourhood witch" or "social witch": a witch who curses a neighbour following some conflict. · The "magical" or "sorcerer" witch: either a professional healer, sorcerer, seer or midwife, or a person who has through magic increased her fortune to the perceived detriment of a neighbouring household; due to neighbourly or community rivalries and the ambiguity between positive and negative magic, such individuals can become labelled as witches. · The "supernatural" or "night" witch: portrayed as a demon appearing in visions and dreams. The familiar witch of folklore and popular superstition is a combination of numerous influences. The characterization of the witch as an evil magic user developed over time. The Protestant Christian explanation for witchcraft commonly involves adiabolical pact. The
overlooks the referential use; Russell writes as if all descriptions were used attributively. But, against Strawson, Donnellan complains that equally he did not see the attributive use, that Strawson writes as if all descriptions were used referentially, in a context, to draw somebody's attention to a particular person, place or thing. Thus both Strawson and Russell were mistaken in thinking that definite descriptions always work in one way, because there is an ambiguity acknowledged by neither. Donnellan does not take a position as to what kind of ambiguity it is; in particular he does not try to decide whether the sentence (12) itself has two different meanings explaining the description's evidently distinct "uses." Donnellan gives several informal characterizations of the new referential use: "A speaker who uses a definite description referentially in an asser- tion . . . uses the description to enable his audience to pick out whom or what
välismaailmale näidatakse et kõik on korras, vahel hakatakse väljaspool sellises juhtumis süüdistama last, kellel on käitumishäire või midagi muud viga ja temast saab pere patuoinas. See, kui suur on kriis kodus, kui üks vanem kolib välja, näitab kui palju on pere liikmed harjunud mõttega, et vanemate abielu on läbi. Tavaliselt (90%) lahutavatest vanematest teevad nii, et isa kolib välja ja ema jääb lastega koju elama. Piiride ebaselgus (boundary ambiguity)- segadus sellest, et kes kuulub perre ja kes mitte. Lahutuse kulg: 1. Tunnevad et midagi valesti 2. Lahus elamine 3. Legaalne lahutus 4. Pere ümberorganiseerumine Lapse hooldusõiguse liigid: 1. Ainuhooldamisõigus- ühel vanemal on täielik kohustus hoolitseda lapse eest, teisel on õigus külastada ja kohustus maksta alimente (vahel üldse keelatud teisel vanemal lapsega kohtuda. Sellest saab üksikvanema perekond ) 2
Thoreau is sometimes cited as an anarchist, and though Civil Disobedience seems to call for improving rather than abolishing government--"I ask for, not at once no government, but at once a better government"--the direction of this improvement points toward anarchism: "'That government is best which governs not at all'; and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have." Richard Drinnon partly blames Thoreau for the ambiguity, noting that Thoreau's "sly satire, his liking for wide margins for his writing, and his fondness for paradox provided ammunition for widely divergent interpretations of 'Civil Disobedience.' Abolitionism used as a single word, was a movement to end slavery, whether formal or informal. The term has become adopted by those seeking the abolishment of any perceived injustice to a group of people. In 1796, John Gabriel Stedman published the memoirs of his fiveyear voyage to the
distance, life here seems practically impossible. But after a few days Á perhaps because I have no choice Á I yield to a sort of negative capability. I begin to relax into the ambiguity and lassitude of my surroundings as into a bath. [. . .] There's no point in any sort of effort, pretension, affectation, keeping a stiff upper lip or putting on a brave front in Bucharest. One might as well relax. Temporarily, I lose the sense of how to judge
Typical open classes such as nouns and verbs can and do get new words often, through the usual means such as compounding,derivation, coining, borrowing, etc. [2] Syntax: studies how words group together to make phrases and sentences. Sentences are not simply random strings of words; they conform to specific patterns determined by the syntactic rules of the language. The syntactic rules in a grammar must account for the grammaticality of sentences, word order, structural ambiguity, the meaning relations between words in a sentence, the similarity of meaning of sentences with different structures, the speaker's creative ability to produce and understand any of an infinite set of possible sentences. Notes: Proto-Germanic » Northwest Germanic » West Germanic » North Sea Germanic » Anglo Frisian » English 2. How to classify words into different word classes? (definition is that enough?,
2. A second feature is the use of terms specific to each given branch of science. The general vocabulary used in scientific prose bears its direct meaning, that is, words used in scientific prose will always tend to be used in their primary logical meaning. Nor will there be any words with contextual meaning. The possibility of ambiguity is avoided. Terms are coined so as to be self- explanatory to the greatest possible degree. But in spite of this a new term in scientific prose is generally followed by an explanation. 3. A third characteristic feature of scientific style is sentence-patterns. They are of 3 types: postulatory, argumentative (), and formulative. 4
successfully or as it should be done Junk bond (lk 42) - typically a high-interest loan with relatively unfavorable terms to compensate for a high risk of default; the right to collect a debt which will if fact probably never be repaid To advertise sth - to make something known generally or in public, especially in order to sell it Legal loophole - a small mistake in the law which gives someone the chance to avoid having to do something Ambiguity - the property of being ambiguous, where a word, term, notation, sign, symbol, phrase, sentence, or any other form used for communication, is called ambiguous if it can be interpreted in more than one way Omission - when something has not been included that should have been Testator the person who writes the will To attest sth to show something or to say or prove that something is true Common law There are several different types of law in the world today
nn EL-i õigusalaseid termineid või kasutada legaalmääratlusi, st sätteid, kus nimetatakse otse need rahvuslikud valdkonnad, milles EL-i õigusakte kohaldatakse. Üheks EL-i seadusandlusele iseloomulikuks jooneks on kasuismi ja pädevuse vaheline tasakaalutus. EL-i õigusaktid võivad olla ebaselge sõnastusega juba seetõttu, et nende ettevalmistajate vahel on puudunud piisav ühtne poliitiline tahe. Taolist konstruktiivset ebatäpsust EL-i õigusaktides (nn constructive ambiguity) peetakse EL Ministrite Nõukogu otsustamiskultuuri loomulikuks osaks, mis avaldub ka selles, et väga ebaselge sõnastusega õigusakti juurde lisab EL Ministrite Nõukogu ka oma liikmete avaldused või eriarvamused, kust on selgelt näha erimeelsused dokumendi sisu osas. Üsna sageli leiab EL Ministrite Nõukogu aga, et tema liikmete eriarvamuste ärafikseerimise asemel tuleb vaidlusalused lõigud EL-i õigusaktis ületada uduste terminite ja
have found out from presenting concepts relating to individualism, collectivism and authoritarianism to American students, that individualism and collectivism were not related and that there was a strong negative correlation between individualism and authoritarianism. In general, individuals want to control their own lives, whereas authoritarians want to control other people's lives. A second dimension is uncertainty versus avoidance, which deals with a society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. It indicates on how comfortable the individuals in a society feel in unstructured situations. Uncertainty-avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of unknown surprising situations by strict laws and regulations, safety and security measures and on the philosophical and religious level, by a belief in absolute Truth. Bond argues that Chinese culture has replaced the uncertainty-avoidance dimension with work dynamism: instead on focusing on truth, some cultures focus on virtue.
sequence of utterances. 2. A second feature is the use of terms specific to each given branch of science. The general vocabulary used in scientific prose bears its direct meaning, that is, words used in scientific prose will always tend to be used in their primary logical meaning. Nor will there be any words with contextual meaning. The possibility of ambiguity is avoided. Terms are coined so as to be self-explanatory to the greatest possible degree. But in spite of this a new term in scientific prose is generally followed by an explanation. 3. A third characteristic feature of scientific style is sentence- patterns. They are of 3 types: postulatory, argumentative (), and formulative. 4
conclusion of the treaty if the general rules leave some meanings ambiguous or lead to a result which is absurd or unreasonable. Treaties in two or more languages Text is equally authoritative in both languages unless the treaty provides/parties agree otherwise Other languages shall be considered authentic only if the treaty provides/parties agree Terms have same meaning in each text If there's ambiguity, then the meaning which best reconciles the text shall be adopted. treaties and third states general rule: treaty doesn't create obligations or rights to third states without their consent obligations arise if the parties intend so in the treaty and the third state agrees rights arise if the parties intend to and the third state assents thereto revocation: obligation can be modified or revoked with the consent of the parties and the
early part of the twentieth century. (A) welcomed (B) predicted (C) made use of (D) conformed to LESSON 4 ambiguous apparent arbitrary assert astounding astute authorize deceptively determined elicit forbid petition relinquish resilient tempt ambiguous adj. of unclear meaning, something that can be understood in more than one way adv. ambiguously Syn. vague n. ambiguity The men received an ambiguous message from their boss. His letter was full of ambiguities. apparent adj. to be clear in meaning or open to view, easily understood adv. apparently Syn. visible It was apparent that he needed to rest. No one apparently knew to solve the problem. arbitrary adj. an action or decision made with little adv. arbitrarily thought, order, or reason
Even though the project did not have an all encompassing BIM model, 3D tools were used throughout the design phase. MKA created a three-dimensional wireframe model for structural analysis and Seele used their wireframe model to design the curtain wall. Seele’s wireframe model, accompanied with a liability waiver, was used as the basis for creating the intelligent Tekla model, showing all the diagonal steel as well as the complex connections. Ambiguity in the contract language, as to who was supposed to share which models created a certain amount of confusion and delays on this project. Because the diagonal steel and the curtain wall were being designed in different countries, it was absolutely vital to have an accurate 3D representation of the entire structure. Achieving a combined facade tolerance of ½ inch (12.7 mm) using 2D documents would have proven extremely difficult. Thanks to powerful visualization capabilities of 3D modeling
between the various genera of ciphers evident on sight. An example is the complementary pair "mono-alphabet" and "polyalphabet"; the French were still calling polyalphabetic systems by the almost obfuscatory "double substitution," which tells absolutely nothing at all about the system. Friedman's most important coinage was the word "cryptanalysis," which he devised in 1920 to clear up a chronic source of confusion in cryptology—the ambiguity of the verb "decipher," then used to mean both authorized and unauthorized reductions of a cryptogram to plaintext. He titled his book Elements of Cryptanalysis, and the term has so prospered that today it circulates in general conversation and print. While the book's main contribution is its taxonomy, each of its 143 pages of text manifests the author's concern for always making clear to the reader why things happen as they do. As a result, the student
Clark, M. S., Mills, J., Il{ Powell, M. (1986). Keeping track of needs in communal and ex- change relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 333-338. Clark, M. S., Mills,]. R, Il{ Corcoran, D. M. (1989). Keeping track of needs and inputs of friends and strangers. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15, 533-542. Clark, R D., III, Il{ Word, L. E. (1972). Why don't bystanders help? Because of ambiguity? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 392-400. REFERENCES Clark, R D., III, Ilz Word, L. E. (1974). Where is the apathetic bystander? Situational charac- teristics of the emergency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 279-287. Cohen, A. (1999, May 31). Special report: Troubled kids. Time, p. 38. Cohen, M., Ilz Davis, N. (1981). Medication errors: Causes and prevention. Philadelphia: G. F
This acceleration profile is reversed when the motor is stopping. Software Considerations The PID loop controls motor position. In many designs, having a critically damped waveform is crucial. Remember that this is a mechanical system— overshoot may result in broken parts. The problem of offset in a PID loop, where the final position is just slightly different from the desired position, can cause a unique problem in a motor control application. There is usually a plus or minus 1 count ambiguity in any digital system. If the final motor position is different from the setpoint by 1 or 2 counts, and if the integral portion of the PID loop is too small, the system may draw excessive current and overheat the motor and/or controller. This is because the proportional part of the loop is trying to nudge the motor that final step or two to get the right position, but it can’t generate quite enough current to do so. Instead of the motor current going to 0 at the end of the move, it stays on
What is commonly called “falling in love” is in most cases and intensification of egoic wanting and needing. You become addicted to another person, or rather to your image of that person. It has nothing to do with true love, which contains no wanting whatsoever. The Spanish language is the most honest in regard to conventional notions of love: Te quiero means “I want you” as well as “I love you.” The other expression for “I love you,” te amo, which does not have this ambiguity, is rarely used – perhaps because true love is just as rare. LETTING GO OF SELF-DEFINITIONS As tribal cultures developed into the ancient civilizations, certain functions began to be allotted to certain people: ruler, priest or priestess, warrior, farmer, merchant, craftsman, laborer, and so on. A class system developed. Your function, which in most cases you were born into, determined your identity, determined who you were in the eyes of others, as well as in your own eyes
In a more open-ended approach to structure, you may want to end with the effect of a question mark, and the feeling that uncertainties remain. T h e final im age may pose a question such as " W i l l the hero Return with the Elixir or will it be forgotten?" A n open-ended story may also trail off with the feeling of an el lipsis. Unspoken questions may linger in the air or conflicts may remain unresolved with endings that suggest doubt or ambiguity: " T h e hero can't decide between two women, and therefore..." or "Love and art are irreconcilable, so..." or "Life goes on... and on... and on..." or "She proved she's not a killer, but..." One way or another, the very ending of a story should announce that i t s all over — like the Warner Bros, cartoon signature line "That's all, folks." Oral storytellers, in addition to using formulas like "...and they lived happily ever after,"
I know a lot of creative people who hate exercise because it's boring. I was in that camp too (I'm not anymore ... it changes once you get into it). The bike/desk was my savior. That mixed with a measurement system: "I got a heart rate monitor (HRM) and started using it for EVERYTHING. I used it while pedaling to make sure that even when I was having fun playing a game I was doing myself some good. If you know your heart rate zones (easy to nd on the Internet), the ambiguity non- tness-experts feel with respect to exercise is removed. Thirty minutes in your aerobic zone is good exercise and burns fat. Calculate how many calories you burn (a good HRM will do it for you), and the experience is fun and motivating. I started wearing my HRM when I was doing things like annoying chores around the house. You can clean house fast and burn serious fat. That's not some Montel Williams BS. It's real. Because of the constant use of an HRM I was able
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