1.Common law A common law legal system is a system of law characterized by case law which is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals a common law system is based on legal precedents. The roots of the common law legal systems can be traced back to the first common law system created in England during the Middle Ages. Today, most countries that once had ties to England, including the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Hong Kong, to name a few, operate under common law. Aside from Great Britain, the majority of the countries in Europe operate under a version of civil law modeled after the Roman legal system created centuries ago In a common law system, the law is created by precedents set after judges decide actual cases. When a judge hears a case that has a new issue in it, the judge makes a decision regarding the issue in the case. That decision then becomes a precedent that must be followed by o...
VÕRDLEVA ÕIGUSTEADUSE ALUSED SEMINARID SEMINARIDE LÄBIMINE ON KOHUSTUSLIK EKSAMILE PÄÄSEMISE EELDUS 2013/2014 õa kevadsemester (Avatud ülikool) I SEMINAR 21. märts 2014 kl 8.30-10.00 1. Kontinentaal-Euroopa õiguse ajalooline kujunemine. a. Euroopa ülikoolide ühtne õigus ja ülikoolide töö eesmärgid. b. Rooma õiguse retseptsioon. c. Kodifikatsioonid. d. Loomuõiguskoolkond vs ajalooline koolkond. 2. Kontinentaal-Euroopa õiguse struktuur. a. Eesti õigusperekondliku kuuluvuse analüüs ajaloolises läbilõikes. 3. Kontinentaal-Euroopa õiguse süsteem. a. Eesti õiguse süsteemi diakrooniline käsitlus (seadusandluse ja kohtusüsteemi näitel) 4. Ius commune allikad: a. Õiguse allika mõiste. b. nende ajalooline kujunem...
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF OLD ENGLISH - 15 monophtongs, (7 long, 7 short, 1 central), 4 diphtongs, 17 consonants. Free variaton of R, and it was pronounced everywhere. Very much Germanic in character. Quite some special consonants that no longer exist. About morphology: synthetic with numerous aglutinating tendencies. System of tenses Germanic, but with a reduction of tenses. Paradigmatic leveling; Stress shift; Word order; Loan words (Old Norse, Old French). Dual pronouns. Determiners - no separate definite article. Strong and weak verbs. Word order relatively free with tendencies towards SVO. SVO, SOV, VSO most common. Adposition and podposition were both possible (eesliide ja tagaliide). About syntax: clauses were joined much simpler than nowadays, using and, then etc. Because of case syncretion the word order in a sentence became much more important to be able to tell the difference between words. FIRST CONSONANT SHIFT (GRIMM'S L...
TARTU ÜLIKOOL ÕIGUSTEADUSKOND Eraõiguse osakond Kristjan Joosep Jalakas KARISTUSÕIGUS ISLAMI ÕIGUSKULTUURIS Referaat Õppejõud Lektor Maie Ruus, PhD Lea Leppik Tartu 2019 Sisukord SISSEJUHATUS.........................................................................................................................3 1ISLAMI ÕIGUSE OLEMUS....................................................................................................4 1.1Islami õigussüsteem ja šariaat............................................................................................4 1.2Islami karistusõigus............................................................................................................4 2ISLAMI KARISTUSÕIGUSE AJALUGU JA ARENG...................
Võlaõigu se ü ld osa k od utöö 2011 sü giss emestril : lü h iu u rimu s: Teema: Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) Koostanud: 1. Millist valdkonda käsitletav instrument reguleerib? Eraõiguse Ühtlustamise Rahvusvahelise Instituudi (UNIDROIT) poolt esmakordselt 1994 aastal välja antud Rahvusvaheliste kaubanduslepingute põhimõtted (PICC) reguleerib rahvusvahelisi kaubanduslepinguid ja lepinguõigust. V. Kõve kirjutab oma doktoritöös, et PICC reguleerib "oma preambula järgi üksnes rahvusvahelisi ärilepinguid (commercial contracts) Pooled võivad 1 PICC kohaldada oma suhetele kokkuleppel nn lex mercatoria põhimõttel". 2. Milline on instrumendi õiguslik olemus (nt konventsioon, mudelseadus, seadus)? Tegemist on seadusandjatele eeskujuks oleva mudelseadusega. "Tegemist on mudelseadustega, mida kasutatakse õiguse allikana (va...
TARTU ÜLIKOOL ÕIGUSTEADUSKOND TALLINNAS Eraõiguse instituut Pilveteenuse pakkuja sekundaarvastutus autoriõiguste rikkumise korral Referaat Juhendaja: Aleksei Kelli Tallinn 2012 SISUKORD SISUKORD.................................................................................................................................2 SISSEJUHATUS.........................................................................................................................3 1.ÜLDISELT PILVETEENUSTEST..........................................................................................4 2.SEKUNDAARVASTUTUSE OLEMUS.................................................................................8 2.1.TEISELE ISIKULE KANDUV VASTUTUS...........................................................
Mikro ja makroökonoomika terminid Eesti keeles English На русском Majanduse alusmõisted. Fundamentals of Economics. Фундаментальные понятия ökonoomika economics экономика Ceteris paribus „Other –things-equal” assumption, «при прочих равных условиях» „Muude tingimuste samaks Ceteris paribus jäädes” põhimõtted Principles принципы Teaduslik meetod Scientific method Научный метод seos tradeoffs связь piiranalüüs Marginal analysis Предельный анализ kompositsiooniviga Fallacy of composition Композиционные ошибки Positiivne tõus Positive slope Положительный наклон Verikaalne ja horiso...
University of Tartu Faculty of Social Sciences and Education Institute of Government and Politics Marie Allikmaa The strategies of creating a dominant party the case of United Russia Tartu 2011 After the collapse of USSR in 1991, many observers expected Russia to develop into a competitive party system. Yet, the reality quickly challenged this view. The developments of party politics in post-Soviet Russia have accurately been described in terms of a pendulum effect, as in the 2000s, Russia's party system did finally begin to take for, but with a remarkable twist. Following the break of one-party rule, Russia's party system became strongly fragmented - during the 1995 parliamentary elections, 43 parties competed for popular votes (McFault 1996: 90). In the 21st century, the pendulum has moved back, ...
EU Internal Market Group Work I: History and Purpose of the Internal Market Please connect terms (numbers) with correct description (letter), for example 17 M 1 Common Market A ... is characterized by free movement of goods between the participating countries, but autonomous external trade policies in relation to non-participants. 2 Comparative B A top-down approach to integration that can be best Advantage explained by market failure. 3 Customs Union C Allows for specialization, specialization leads to ...
THE INTERNET AND E-COMMERCE 1. ISP it is a organization that provides internet access. The internet service provider. 2. e-tailing - the selling of goods and services on the Internet or through e- mail solicitation. 3. B2C.- business-to-consumer, selling to the public on the internet. 4. e-procurement - 5. B2G business-to-goverment, business applay for government contracts and pay taxes. 6. shopping cart Shopping cart is where you put product you have purchased from online shop. 7. last mile problem how to deliver products, purcased on internet to the customers 8. bricks-and-mortar shop Brick and mortar shops are physical shops where customers interact face-to-face. They are opposite to online shops. TELEMARKETING 1. telemarketing for of direct marketing, where telemarketers call to their customers 2. cost per inquiry, cost per order its how they measure the success of telemark...
TRADERUN MOODUL TRADERUN MODULE BUSINESS PECULIARITIES IN THE EU, RUSSIA AND EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES ÄRI ERIPÄRAD EUROOPA LIIDUS, VENEMAAL JA IDAPARTNERLUSRIIKIDES Lecturers: Ryhor Nizhnikau (responsible) Giorgi Gaganidze, Sergei Proskura, Andres Assor P2EC.00.202 (UT code), RIE 7044 (TLU code) Reading materials: Business peculiarities in Russia Lugemismatejal: Äri eripärad Venemaal Created by Sergei Proskura Tartu 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 3 1. LEGALIZATION OF A COMPANY WITH A FOREIGN OWNER IN RUSSIA ....................................... 4 1.1. Laws ....
Hent Kalmo Kes peaks kaitsma Eesti põhiseadust? Weimari vabariigi ajal vaidlesid Saksa juristid palju selle üle, kes peaks kaitsma riigi põhiseadust. Lahkarvamusi tekitas toona peamiselt küsimus, kas järelevalvaja rolli sobib paremini president või kohus. Need, kes kõnelesid presidendi poolt, – tuntuim nende hulgas oli Carl Schmitt*1 – väitsid, et seaduste hindamine põhiseaduse mõõdupuuga erineb tavapärasest kohtupidamisest, sest on olemuselt poliitilist laadi tegevus. Seda väidet toetavate autorite arvates ähvardas põhiseaduslikkuse järelevalve menetlus sundida poliitiliste otsuste langetamise liigkitsastesse õiguslikesse raamidesse. Teised õigus- teadlased – eeskätt Hans Kelsen*2 – väitsid vastu, et igasuguse õigusemõistmisega kaasneb mõningal määral vaba otsustamine. Seetõttu ei saavat tavapärast kohtupidamist kui õig...
Challenges of children`s “participation”: A Case Study of active citizenship in Cadle Primary School Gerli Orumaa – 662974 9th of May 2014 Word Count: 8,800 `Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of B.A. International Relations` Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Chapter 1: Citizenship, Children`s Rights and Participation: from the UN to the UK 6 Chapter 2: Citizenship Education in Wales………………………………………………14 Active Citizenship in Cadle Primary School: A Case Study 20 Conclusion 29 Bibliography 32 Appendices Appendix 1: The United Convention of the Rights of the Child Appendix 2: Interview with Jamie Richards, the Head Teacher of Cadle Primary School 2 Abstract: Children inhe...
Teadustöö alused Veiko Lember 2.11.2012 Loeng V Sisukord • Uurimustöö strateegiad – Eksperiment – Juhtumiuuring – Võrdlev uuring – Poliitikaanalüüs – ... • Uurimustöö etapid, uurimustöö sisu STRATEEGIAD Uurimistöö strateegiad • Strateegia ≈ disain ≈ meetodite kogum • Strateegia → valik alternatiivide vahel • Plaan, kuidas süstemaatiliselt koguda ja analüüsida andmeid • Puudub universaalne lahendus, kuna kontekst erineb • Miks on oluline? – Kuidas tõestada, et just see meede põhjustas tagajärje? N: emapalk vs sündimuse suurenemine – Väetamine kahes kasvuhoones vs avalik elu – Arusaamine ühiskonna protsessidest Erinevaid strateegiaid • Eksperiment • Kaardistamine • Juhtumianalüüs • Võrdlev uurimus • Etnograafiline uurimus • Fenomenoloogiline uurimus • Põhistatud teooria • Tegevusuuring • Poliitikaanalüüs/mõjude hindamine • Meta-uurimus • Teooria v ...
The Rise and Demise of the New Public Management Wolfgang Drechsler (University of Tartu and Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia) © Copyright: Wolfgang Drechsler 2005 Within the public sphere, the most important reform movement of the last quarter of a century has been the New Public Management (NPM). It is of particular interest in the post-autistic economics (pae) context because NPM largely rests on the same ideology and epistemology as standard textbook economics (STE) is based (for my take on this, see Drechsler 2000), and it has had, and still has, similar results. Already more on the defensive within public administration (PA) than STE is within economics, NPM also shows that such major paradigm shifts in theory and policy may actually happen. In addition, it occasionally appears that pae-oriented scholars have overlooked the fact that some features in public management refo...
1. Basic Phrases ¡Buenos días! ¡Buenas tardes! ¡Buenas noches! bway-nohs dee-ahs bway-nahs tard-ays bway-nahs noh-chays Hello! / Good morning! Good afternoon! Good evening! / Good night! ¡Hola! / ¡Chao! Adiós. Por favor. oh-lah / chow ah-dee-ohs por fah-bor Hi! / Bye! Good bye. Please. Hasta la vista / Hasta luego. Hasta pronto. Hasta mañana. ah-stah lah vees-tah / ah-stah ah-stah prohn-toh ah-stah mahn-yahn-ah loo-ay-go See you soon. See you tomorrow. See you / See you later. (Muchas) Gracias. De nada. Bienvenidos (moo-chah...
1) Standard and non-standard varieties of English Standard varieties of English are the varieties of the English language that are considered to be a norm and are spoken and written by the minority (educated people). This is the optimum for educational purposes. The standard varieties of English are: BrEng (British), EngEng (English), NAmEng (North-America), USEng (United States), CanEng (Canada), AusEng (Australia), NZEng (New Zealand). Standard English (British English) is the most widely accepted and understood among native speakers, learned by foreigners. It is used in broadcasting, TV, news etc. It doesn't concern pronounciation (accent), but grammar and vocabulary. It includes formal and informal styles. British Standard English grammar and vocabulary, together with the RP accent should be called English English. RP (Received Pronounciation) is an accent that originates from South-East of England. A social accent, associated o...
VÕRDLEV ÕIGUSSÜSTEEMIDE AJALUGU TARTU ÜLIKOOL 1. LÜHIKOKKUVÕTE SISSEJUHATAVAST LOENGUST Skeem 1 keskaegse Euroopa õigusüsteem Islami õigus Kanooniline õigus Heebrea õigus Religioossed õigussüsteemid Arhailine õigus (rahvaõigus) Ilmalikud õigussüsteemid ___________ Õigusteadus (rooma õigus) Feodaal- Manoriaal- Linna- Kuninga- Kaubandus- Õigus Õigus Õigus Õigus Õigus Skeem 2 kaasaja suuremad õigussüsteemid Islami õigus Heebrea õigus Kanooniline õigus Hindu õigus 1 Rooma-Katoliku kirik Religioossed õigussüsteemid Arhailine õigus ...
Jonathan Dekel-Chen lectures, Jews in the USSR, 1917-2000 1937 census didn't get published. 1939, pretty accurate for Js. 3.1 mill Js in pre- Molotov-Ribbentrop area. 1939, 2.2 mill. Js not shy about declaring Jewishness. Inherits 1.3 mill in Poland. Similar # annexed by Germ. 250,000 in Lithuania. 330,000 Bessarabia. Back to pre-1917 #s of Sov Jewry. 5 ½ mill of pre-war levels. Pre-mature deaths during famine of '21-'22, '31-'33, 7 years of war, emigration up to 1924 (vast majority to West, 3rd and 4th aliyahs). J pop growth still significant, high birth rates, but pop static. Grows more in SU than anywhere else few leaving, pop growth significant. Vast majority in W borderlands. Very few emigrate during year and a half from annexed areas. Germans occupied Leningrad-Moscow-Stalingrad, all and more of former Pale. 1939, started evacuating. Stalin thought 43-44, war. Purges, Winter War, military needed improvement, military industrial ...
TRADERUN MOODUL TRADERUN MODULE BUSINESS PECULIARITIES IN THE EU, RUSSIA AND EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES ÄRI ERIPÄRAD EUROOPA LIIDUS, VENEMAAL JA IDAPARTNERLUSRIIKIDES Lecturers: Ryhor Nizhnikau (responsible) Giorgi Gaganidze, Sergei Proskura, Andres Assor P2EC.00.202 (UT code), RIE 7044 (TLU code) Reading materials: Business peculiarities in Ukraine and Belarus Lugemismatejal: Äri eripärad Ukrainas ja Valgenenes Created by Andres Assor Tartu 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 4 1. UKRAINE ...................................................................................................................
1. Loeng Peamised heaolurežiimid Milleks mudel vajalik on: mudel kui ideaaltüüp: seletab konkreetset nähtust teooriast tulenedes. Mudel kui stat. võrreldavus. Mitte kõik rikkad riigid ei ole HR. nt diktatuur. HR-ist rääkides peame silmas mingit riiki, mis on tõsiselt käsile võtnud sotsiaalkindlustussüsteemid. Klassikaline arusaam HRst: Turg ja valitsus hoiavad üksteist tasakaalus. HR kui turutõrgete pehmendaja: Barr: “HR aitab kaasa majanduslikult efektiivsuse saavutamisele. HR teeb midagi sellist, mida turud ei tee või teevad seda ebaefektiivselt.” : de-commodification ehk lahtikaubastamine. Kaasaegne arusaam HR: Riik, turg ja kodumajapidamine on omavahel sektoriti seotud. Richard Titmuss 1960nd: 1. Residuaalne mudel-jääkrahastamise mudel: Indiviidi heaolu peavad tagama turg ja pere, kui need ebaõnnestuvad, siis sekkub riik. Riigi sekkumine on ajutine (hädaolukorras) 2. Industrial performance mudel- tööpanuse mudel:vajadused peavad s...
TALLINNA MAJANDUSKOOL Ametnikutöö osakond Helen Rohtla VANGISTUSSEADUSE § 90 LÕIGETEGA 3 JA 5 VAHISTATULE SEATUD PIIRANGUTE PÕHISEADUSPÄRASUS Lõputöö Juhendaja: LLM, Jaanus Konsa Tallinn 2013 Olen koostanud lõputöö iseseisvalt. Kinnitan, et antud töö koostamisel olen kõikide teiste autorite seisukohtadele, probleemi- püstitustele, kogutud arvandmetele jmt viidanud. Autor Helen Rohtla Õppekava: Õigusteenistus Töö vastab kehtivatele nõuetele. Juhendaja Jaanus Konsa SISUKORD LÜHENDITE LOETELU..........................................................................................................4 LÜHIKOKKUVÕTE.................................................................................................................5 SISSEJUHATUS................................................................................
Politoloogia ja poliitika Poliitika (kr politike linna- või riigijuhtimiskunst < polis riik) tähendas algselt tegelemist linnriigi (polise) avalike asjadega ehk kodanike ühiste probleemidega. Selle eesmärk jõuda kõiki kodanikke rahuldava elukoralduseni üldise hüveni. Üldine hüve kreeka arusaamade kohaselt on võimalus elada Jumalatele meelepärast (vooruslikku) elu. Ethos... Epsiloniga ( ) tähistas ,,kommet", ,,uudsust" polises kehtivaid käitumisnorme, ,,moraalikoodeksit" Eetaga ( ) : eetika kitsamas mõistes inimese iseloom. Selline inimene ei järginud ainult käitumisreegleid, vaid püüdis teha head. Antiikeetika keskne idee: tõeline, õnnelik, õnnestunud (kordaläinud) elu. Antiikmõtlejad arvasid, et tunnetus on võimalik meelelise kogemuse kaudu. Aristoteles (,,Nikomachose eetika") Eetika avaldub inimeste käitumises, mis omakorda on seotud koduse majapidamise (oikos maja, kodu) ja poliitikaga. Eetika, ökonoomika ja poliitika m...
9/6/2011 Eesmärk · Kursuse läbinud üliõpilane: omab teadmisi teadusfilosoofia sissejuhatusest, äriuuringute spetsiifikast, uuringu ülesehitusest ja uurimisprotsessi etappidest; teadmisi kvantitatiivsete ja kvalitatiivsete andmete kogumise ja Majandusalased uurimismee...
Antropoloogia jaotumine neljaks väljaks, nende põhilised uurimisalad antropoloogia jaguneb neljaks järgmiselt: arheoloogia, kultuurantropoloogia, bioloogiline antropoloogia ja antropoloogiline lingivistika. Arheoloogia möödunud kultuuride võrdlev uuring läbi materiaalsete uuringute ja keskkonna uuringute, mis inimtegevuse tagajärjel minevikust maha jäänud. Kultuurantropoloogia uurib inimest, kui ühiskondlikku olevust, tema käitumismustreid, tavasid, kombeid. Ühelt poolt püütakse leida universaalset, midagi mis on ühine kõikidele kultuuridele. Teiselt poolt tuleb märgata just ainulaadset, seda mis eristab ühte kultuuri teisest, muutes ta universaalsekt, kordumatuks. Bioloogiline antropoloogia tegeleb peamiselt inimese füüsilise karakteristika uurimise ja analüüsimisega. Antropoloogiline lingvistika interdistsiplinaarne uuring, kuidas keel mõjutab ühiskonda. Antropoloogiline lingvistika uurib, kuidas keel kujundab kommunikatsioo...
The Project Gutenberg EBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Pride and Prejudice Author: Jane Austen Release Date: August 26, 2008 [EBook #1342] [Last updated: August 11, 2011] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRIDE AND PREJUDICE *** Produced by Anonymous Volunteers, and David Widger PRIDE AND PREJUDICE By Jane Austen Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 22 Chapter 2 Chapter 23 Chapter 43 Chapter 3 Chapter 24 Chapter 44 ...
More praise for Influence: Science and Practice! "We've known for years that people buy based on emotions and justify their buying decision based on logic. Dr. Cialdini was able, in a lucid and cogent manner, to tell us why this happens." --MARK BLACKBURN, Sr. Vice President, Director of Insurance Operations, State Auto Insurance Companies "Dr. Cialdini's ability to relate his material directly to the specifics of what we do with our customers and how we do it, enabled us to make significant changes. His work has enabled us to gain significant competitive differentiation and advantage" -LAURENCE HOF, Vice President, Relationship Consulting, Advanta Corporation "This will help executives make better decisions and use their influence wisely ... Robert Cialdini has had a greater impact on my thinking on this topic than any other scientist." -CHARLES T...
Tallinna Ülikool Infoteaduste Instituut Mari Hõbemäe Valitsusasutuste dokumendi- ja arhiivihalduse kriisireguleerimise analüüs Magistritöö Juhendajad: Kädi Riismaa Ingrid Raidme 2 Tallinn 2008 3 SUMMARY The analysis of governmental institutions crisis management methods in handling records and archives management Master's thesis is written in Estonian. The thesis consists of 88 pages including two appendixes in five pages. Thesis contains 25 figures and 12 charts; some of those are from the elaborated literature and some are produced according to the data gathered by the author. Sources used for writing the thesis are mostly those that the author has used durin...
CHAPTER 1 GETTING TO KNOW THE TOEFL WHAT IS THE TOEFL? The TOEFL is a comprehensive English language examination required by more than 3,000 colleges and universities in the United States, Canada, and other parts of the world. In addition, foreign born professionals frequently need a TOEFL score for certification to practice their profession in the United States or Canada. The TOEFL is a timed test that consists of the three sections listed here. THE TOEFL Section 1 Listening Comprehension 50 questions 35 minutes Part A Statements 20 questions Part B Short Dialogs 15 questions ...
Handbook of Meat Processing Handbook of Meat Processing Fidel Toldrá EDITOR A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication Edition first published 2010 © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Editorial Office 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book, please see our website at www.wiley.com/ wiley-blackwell. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Cent...
A... AA Auto Answer AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting AAB All-to-All Broadcast AAC Advanced Audio Coding AACS Advanced Access Control System AAL Asynchronous Transfer Mode Adaption Layer AAM Automatic Acoustic Management AAP Applications Access Point [DEC] AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol AAS All-to-All Scatter AASP ASCII Asynchronous Support Package AAT Average Access Time AATP Authorized Academic Training Program [Microsoft] .ABA Address Book Archive (file name extension) [Palm] ABAP Advanced Business Application Programming [SAP] ABC * Atanasoff-Berry Computer (First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes) ABEND Abnormal End ABI Application Binary Interface ABIOS Advanced BIOS ABIST Automatic Built-In Self-Test [IBM] ABLE Adaptive Battery Life Extender + Agent Building and Learning Environment [IBM] ABM Asynchronous Balanc...
Some of the things you will learn in THE CODEBREAKERS • How secret Japanese messages were decoded in Washington hours before Pearl Harbor. • How German codebreakers helped usher in the Russian Revolution. • How John F. Kennedy escaped capture in the Pacific because the Japanese failed to solve a simple cipher. • How codebreaking determined a presidential election, convicted an underworld syndicate head, won the battle of Midway, led to cruel Allied defeats in North Africa, and broke up a vast Nazi spy ring. • How one American became the world's most famous codebreaker, and another became the world's greatest. • How codes and codebreakers operate today within the secret agencies of the U.S. and Russia. • And incredibly much more. "For many evenings of gripping reading, no better choice can be made than this book." —Christian Science Monitor THE ...
Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Language: a Contemporary Introduction introduces the student to the main issues and theories in twentieth and twenty-first-century phi- losophy of language, focusing specifically on linguistic phenomena. Topics are structured in four parts in the book. Part I, Reference and Referring, includes topics such as Russell's Theory of Descriptions, Donnellan's distinction, problems of anaphora, the description theory of proper names, Searle's cluster theory, and the causalhistorical theory. Part II, Theories of Meaning, surveys the competing theories of linguistic mean- ing and compares their various advantages and liabilities. Part III, Pragmatics and Speech Acts, introduces the basic concepts of linguistic pragmatics, includes a detailed discussion of the problem of indirect force and surveys approaches to metaphor. Part IV, new to this edition, examines the four theories of metaphor. Features...
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