11. The extreme weather changes we've been having are wreaking havoc on crop production in most parts of the world. 12. Nuclear power could be extremely dangerous if it were to fall into the wrong hands. BUILD UP YOUR WORD POWER 1. outlet shop 2. outcome result 3. outlook future 4. outgoing excursion 5. outset beginning 6. outrage anger 7. outbreak epidemic 8. outlay costs COLLOCATIONS · technological warfare/area · automated factory/appliances · new age philosophy/travellers · scientific inquiry/journal · high-tech gadgetry/industry · experimental stage/research · space exploration/station · digital voice discs/camera 1. Originally, the Russian space station MIR was supposed to last for five years, but in fact it remained in operation for fourteen. 2
Deep-depth 4. Lie-underlying 5. Success-unsuccessful 6. Go-undergone 7. Notice-noticeable 8. Suspect-suspicious 9. Far-further 10. Disaster-disastrous PREPOSITIONS 1. Faithful--to 2. Foundations--of 4. in(the)--belief 5. Fight--for 6. Sympathetic--to 7. for--a good cause 8. Jump--at 9. Damage--to 10. Bring--about 11. Pace--of 12. Instruments--of 13. Ripe--for 14. Adapt--to 15. Comment--on 16. Referred--to 17. on--strike--for better pay 18. Absolutely no control--over 19. Singled--out--for COLLOCATIONS 1. Blanket ban 2. Outright ban 3. Anti-social behaviour 4. Bounds of acceptable behaviour 5. Fringe benefits 6. Further the cause 7. Change of hearth 8. issued a challenge 9. Sweeping changes 10. the change of Venue 11. Overriding concern 12. Aggravated the condition 13. overcrowded and Cramped conditions 14. Take the consequences 15. Attracted a lot of criticism 16. Mingled with the crowd
minister servant head of a ministry 35. Monosemy A word having only one possible meaning. It is very rare in most vocabularies, but preferred in the case of technological terminology. o Quinsy, atrophy, ozone 36. Polysemy Coexistence of many possible meanings for a word or a phrase. Short commonplace words have the most meanings (and also the most collocations with them) – set, make, take etc 37. Homonyms Each of two or more words having the same spelling or pronunciation, but different origin and meaning. Accidental similarity. o Band – ribbon/group of musicians Grammatical homonyms o Past tense and past participle, present participle, gerund, verbal noun Lexico-grammatical homonyms o Coincide of words representing different word classes. Love – noun/verb
under another- a wider or more general meaning. A rose is a hyponym but a flower is a hypernym. Hypernyms (hyperonyms) a word phrase or lexeme of wider or less specific meaning. Meronyms Semantic relation used in linguistics. Meronymy means a part of a whole. Tree/forest, finger/hand Holonyms Holonymy defines the relationship between a term denoting the whole and a term denoting a part of, or a member of, the whole. Collocations Sequence of words or terms which co-occur ore often than words be expected by chance. There are 14 types of collocations. Types of collocations 1) adjective and noun bright/harsh light 2) quantifier and noun - a beam/ray of light 3) verb and noun - cast light 4) noun and verb - light glows 5) noun and noun - a light source 6) preposition and noun - by the light of the moon 7) noun and preposition - the light from the window
Meronymy means a part of a whole. Tree/forest, finger/hand 21) syntagmatic relation Complete lingustic unit- relation between complex object and their parts, or between the prts of these objects and other parts. First of all- immediant dominance: X'', X'. Second linear precedence: subject < verb. Third: sentence functions: subject, object, indirect object.... . fourth government relations: head, odifies, complement. Fifth: binding relations i saw John, when he came in. 22) collocations Sequence of words or terms which co-occur ore often than words be expected by chance. There are 14 types of collcations. Types of collocations 1) adjective and noun bright/harsh 2) quantifier and noun a beam/ray of light 3) verb and noun cast light 4) noun and verb light glows 5) noun and noun a light source 6) preposition and noun by the light of the moon 7) noun and preposition the light from the window 8) adverb and verb choose carefully
2) Impossible due to other definitions 2. Expressive function a. Name the three expressive text types. - Serious imaginative literature; Authoritative statements; Autobiographies, essays, personal correspondence. b. Why is it difficult to translate an expressive text? - Because of the used dialect may get lost in the translation. c. What constitutes the personal component in an expressive text? - original metaphors, unusual collocations d. What is at the heart of the expressive (‘väljenduslik’) function of language? - The personal components e. Explain the nature of ‘Authoritative statements’. - academic/philosophical/etc statements by ministers, legal documents, acknowledged authorities 3. Informative function a. What is the difference between informative and expressive texts for translation? - b. Bring out the four main qualities an informative text attempts to have (don’t just copy
Media and advertising 1. Complete the collocations in each sentence with an appropriate word from the box. broadcast bulletin coverage forecast media brochure campaign edition manual novel a) Read the instruction ..manual. before using your new word-processor. b) 'David Copperfield' is an autobiographical ……………. c) What did it say on the weather …………….? d) This is a party political……………. on behalf of the Democratic Party.
' Focusing ideas This is another stage taken from a process approach, and it involves thinking about which of the many ideas generated are the most important or relevant, and perhaps taking a particular point of view. 1) Students in groups put the ideas generated in the previous stage onto a 'mind map'. 2) The teacher then draws a mind-map on the board, using ideas from the different groups. (At this stage he / she can also feed in some useful collocations - this gives the learners the tools to better express their own ideas). 3) Tell the students to write individually for about 10 minutes, without stopping and without worrying about grammar or punctuation. 4) Learners then compare together what they have written, and use a dictionary, the teacher or each other. Organising ideas Offer your learners typical examples of the genre then they can go about organising their own ideas in a similar way.
language learners in their content-area classes. Text Adaptor allows users to import a text or web page, and subsequently, to generate the following types of adaptations of the imported text: English and Spanish text summaries, vocabulary support, including synonym (Lin, 1998), antonym, and Spanish/English cognate identification. Text Adaptor also identifies complex phrasal and sentence structures, and academic vocabulary, fixed phrases (for example, phrasal verbs and collocations), and cultural references. Teachers can then modify the text accordingly, given the learning needs of the ELL students in their classrooms. NLP capabilities used to generate these adaptations include, automatic summarization (Marcu, 2000), machine translation, and synonym and antonym identification. The adaptation capabilities include strategies used by teachers to manually create adaptations, such as summaries and varied vocabulary support, as well as translating a text into another language
• tree – holonym Subtypes of meronymy central type (component of integral object) 1) member – collection tree / forest; card / deck 2) portion – mass slice / pie; grain / salt 3) stuff – objekt gin / martini; steel / bicycle 4) feature – activity paying / shopping; dating / adolescence 5) place – area oasis / desert; Everglades / Florida 44. Collocations A familiar grouping of words, especially words that habitually appear together and thereby convey meaning by association. This term is used in two main ways. The first use refers to any grammatically well-formed sequence of words that go together without oddness, such as an excellent performance. We say that, for instance, excellent ‘collocates with’ performance, meaning that they go together normally; we can also say that excellent is ‘a normal collocate’ of performance
11.02.09 INGLISE KEEL Palju aega läheb. 10 nädalat aint. One of the ESP courses. What we are going to do, what is needed: · What we do - 1 test, on words. · 2 Essays, that means that we have to look into academic writing · Homereading we read a case from European Court of Justice thingy. · Oral thing. · 90% you have to attend · Have to prepare for class and take part of it etc What we learn: Terms Expressions / collocations (nt obey/abide by the law) Explaining AWOL absence without a leave Legal English can be divided into 3 levels. We learn the first one, which is needed for the other two! You have to know the vocabulary etc. Second level has to do with legal contracts... The third level both 1 and 2 and explaining... We learn the vocabulary + explaining. Process of law-making draft law/bill (seaduseelnõu) is developed draft is sent
9 If you don't eat that meat soon, _______ i they went ahead with it. 10 If they didn't like living in Britain _______ j you can be sent to prison. Marks: /10 Words, words, words 4 Match the verbs have, get, go, make and do with some of the words below to make ten collocations. housework a phone call a chat a holiday your best an idea a rest lunch friends a job 1 _____________________________________ 6 ____________________________________ 2 _____________________________________ 7 ____________________________________ 3 _____________________________________ 8 ____________________________________
choice for one of the items, tell them Earth weighs, and how it's possible with science. And to top it off, to eliminate the answers that are to know. Or how big an atom is. Bryson is unfailingly witty and clearly wrong, and then focus on the Well, the author of today's book entertaining, making you laugh options that are left, thinking about had the same queries and decided out loud at times. the collocations and structures in to find out once and for all. But H Oh, I love it when an author can the rest of the sentence. rather than reading thousands of tackle difficult and boring topics science books, which, incidentally, with humour. It does sound like Listening an indispensable book for our
pairs 1 3 G o t h r o u g ht h e l i s to f a d j e c t i v eE l i c itth e i rm e a n i n g sS s do the Jxercise,then make p sentencesusing the Suggested AnswerKeY collocations A babygetsa name AnswerKey(5eeoverprinted answers) A toddlerlearnsto talk' to school' SuggestedAnswerKeY A chrldlearns to readandwrite/goes A teenager goes to high a
pairs 1 3 G o t h r o u g ht h e l i s to f a d j e c t i v eE l i c itth e i rm e a n i n g sS s do the Jxercise,then make p sentencesusing the Suggested AnswerKeY collocations A babygetsa name AnswerKey(5eeoverprinted answers) A toddlerlearnsto talk' to school' SuggestedAnswerKeY A chrldlearns to readandwrite/goes A teenager goes to high a
pairs 1 3 G o t h r o u g ht h e l i s to f a d j e c t i v eE l i c itth e i rm e a n i n g sS s do the Jxercise,then make p sentencesusing the Suggested AnswerKeY collocations A babygetsa name AnswerKey(5eeoverprinted answers) A toddlerlearnsto talk' to school' SuggestedAnswerKeY A chrldlearns to readandwrite/goes A teenager goes to high a
pairs 1 3 G o t h r o u g ht h e l i s to f a d j e c t i v eE l i c itth e i rm e a n i n g sS s do the Jxercise,then make p sentencesusing the Suggested AnswerKeY collocations A babygetsa name AnswerKey(5eeoverprinted answers) A toddlerlearnsto talk' to school' SuggestedAnswerKeY A chrldlearns to readandwrite/goes A teenager goes to high a
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