person who has through magic increased her fortune to the perceived detriment of a neighbouring household; due to neighbourly or community rivalries and the ambiguity between positive and negative magic, such individuals can become labelled as witches. · The "supernatural" or "night" witch: portrayed as a demon appearing in visions and dreams. The familiar witch of folklore and popular superstition is a combination of numerous influences. The characterization of the witch as an evil magic user developed over time. The Protestant Christian explanation for witchcraft commonly involves adiabolical pact. The witches or wizards engaged to such practices were alleged to reject Jesus and the sacraments; observe "the witches' sabbath" (performing infernal rites which often parodied the sacraments of the Church);
exceedingly close to most of the recent large-scale principles of PA reform agendas worldwide, including the European Administrative Space's main standards of reliability and predictability, openness and transparency, accountability, and efficiency and effectiveness (SIGMA 1998: 8-14). Most certainly, they are closer to responsible PA reform than the catchwords of NPM. Regarding the specter of the ancien régime of traditional bureaucracy, part of almost every era's and country's folklore as it seems, it is important to realize that in general, "publicness / public sphere politics administration ... will remain, in spite of all modernization, a culturally-founded tension. Thus, the critique of bureaucracy will remain permanent as well." (Laux 1993: 345) Yet, the alternative to bad PA what "bureaucracy" is in common parlance is not the abolition of PA, but good PA, one that works for state, society, and economy alike.
United Kingdom and the Fortingall Yew may be the oldest tree in Europe. The Shetland Mouseear and Scottish Primrose are endemic flowering plants and there are a variety of endemic mosses and lichens. Conservation of the natural environment is well developed and various organisations play an important role in the stewardship of the country's flora. Numerous references to the country's flora appear in folklore, song and poetry. Flora in Scottish culture ! The thistle has been one of the national emblem of the Scots nation since the reign of Alexander III (1249 1286) and was used on silver coins issued by James III in 1470. Today, it forms part of the emblem of the Scottish Rugby Union. As legend has it, an invading army had attempted to sneak up at night on the Scots. One, perhaps barefooted, unwelcome foreign soldier stumbled upon a Scots Thistle, and cried out in pain, thus
1. Kõrvuta 19. sajandi ja 20. sajandi rahvaluule terminoloogiat. Iseloomusta, kuidas on folkloori mõiste 20. sajandil muutunud. 19. saj käsitleti rahvaluulet peamiselt aineloendi kaudu, 20. saj lisandus definitsiooni olemuslik tähendus, mis viitas rahvaluule suulisusele, kollektiivsusele, traditsioonilisusele ja anonüümsusele. Pärast Teist maailmasõda hakkas rahvaluule uurijaid huvitama ka selle esitus, muutumisvõime ja kommunikatsioon kui kogemustele tuginev teadmine-1990ndatel lisandus kommunikatsioonile ja pärimusele viitav definitsiooni osa. Rahvaluule definitsioon on ajavahemikul 19. sajand kuni 20. sajandi lõpp muutunud ja täienenud. Aineloendipõhine definitsioon lähtus liigitusest, olemuslike tunnuste lisamine võimaldas rahvaluulet eraldada teistest kultuurivormidest ja kommunikatsiooni liitumisel mõistega peeti silmas rahvaluulet viljeleva pärimusrühma enesemääratlust. Kreutzwald – „vana vara”; Hurt –„rahvamälestused” (kõik, mid...
except that he probably wrote the 3 religious poems- Pearl, Patience and Purity. The dialect points to an origin in provincial England. The author was a most sophisticated and urbane writer, must have been contemporary of Chauser. S.G combines two plots: the beheading contest, in which 2 parties agree to an exchange of blows with a sword or ax, and the temptation, an attempted seduction of the hero by a lady. The motif of the green man's decapitation originates in very ancient folklore, probably in a vegetation myth in which the beheading would have been a ritual death that insured the return of spring to the earth. The poet studies how successfully Gawain, as a man wholly dedicated to Christian ideals, maintains those ideals. Rare combination- a comedy- even a satire- of manners and a profoundly Christian view of character and destiny. The court of King Arthur is presented as the place where the ideal of chivalry has reached its zenith
national movement, demanding equal political rights for Germans and Estonians. He regarded the Russian central government as the main anti-German ally. The prevailing national-romantic tendency in Estonian art and literature was based on the ideas of the Enlightenment and idealised `ancient non-stratified' society. Patriotic poems and songs extolled the beauty of Estonian nature and expressed ardent love for the native soil. Inspired by the folklore of the neighbouring Finns, a `picture of the ancient Estonian world' was constructed. Historical fiction sang high praises of the times of past freedom, and an image of 700 hundred years of slavery was implanted in the nation's memory. Estonian societies, choirs and orchestras were established in parishes. The money-raising operation which began in Viljandimaa turned into an all-Estonian mass organisation with its
FCE Result Words and Phrases Alphabetical Wordlist a bite to eat (phr) abandon (v) abruptly (adv) absent-minded (adj) abstract (adj) abusive (adj) access (n) accuse of (v) achievement (n) aching (adj) acknowledgement (n) acquire (v) activist (n) adaptation (n) addicted to (adj) addictive (adj) additional (adj) admire (v) admission (n) adoptive (adj) adrenalin (n) adulthood (n) aerial (n) aging (n) aisle (n) alarming (adj) alien (n) alike (adv) allegedly (adv) alley (n) alongside (adv) aloud (adv) alternate (adj) amateur (n) ambitious (adj) anaemic (adj) analysis (n) ancestor (n) ancient (adj) angel (n) ankle (n) announce (v) annual (adj) anthropologist (n) 1 anticipate (v) antisocial (adj) apart (adv) ape (n) apparatus (n) apparent (adj) appeal to (v) appetising (adj) applicable (adj) apprenticed to (adj) approach (v) approximately (adv) arch criminal (n) archaeological (adj) archbishop (n) architect ...
Pille Kippari koostatud Eesti loomamuinasjuttude kogumiku “Loomad, linnud, putukad” tegelastele omistatud omaduste seosed loomade ökoloogiaga Research Paper 2017 Number of Pages 20 The paper falls into 3 chapters. The current research paper focuses on Estonian animal fairy tale characters. The aim of the paper is to identify Estonian fairy tale animal characters and their relation with the animal ecology. Chapter 1 provides information about the genres of the folklore, but also the nature of conservational and behavioral ecology described on animals. Chapter 2 provides the reader with the methodic of the paper. It describes the creation of the database regarding Estonian animal species, who were the characters in fairy tales. Chapter 3 provides the results. Main results of the research paper show that 24 times out of 44, Estonian wild animals were given a trait or a characteristic which could be linked to the animals’ ecology.
It erected in 1502-1514 on donations of a rich merchants and art-lover Hans Pavels. It is the most interesting annexe of the church. On the eastern façade of the chapel is the cenotaph of a citizen merchant, composed like the sixteenth-century winged altarpieces. It is the work of two late-Gothic stonecarvers Clemens Pale and Hinric Brabender (nicknamed Bildensrieder). A skeleton with a toad on its chest and a serpent around its skull has been carved in the lower niche. According to Estonian folklore, Olev, the man who built the church, fell down and got killed when he was putting finishing touches to the spire. A toad and a serpent sprang out of his mouth. Olev was buried on the very spot where he died. A stone block with the carved figure of Olev, a toad and a serpent, was placed on his tomb. St Olaf's Church was a Roman Catholic one up to 1524. The first Evangelical sermons delivered in the church signified the beginning of the Reformation and thus the church
Veel 20. saj III veerandil kasutati sõnu ,,rahvaluule" ja ,,folkloor" nii uurimisainena kui seda uuriva teadusena, praegu hoitakse neid aga lahus: aines on ,,rahvaluule" ja ,,folkloor" ning teadus, mis seda uurib ,,rahvaluuleteadus" ja ,,folkloristika". 2. Rahvaluule e folkloori mõiste ja uurimine rahvusvahelises kontekstis. Saksamaal oli nn teadus rahvast volkskunde. Venemaa geograafia, etnograafia Inglismaa folklore rahva teadmised 20 saj lõpul kesk/põhja-euroopas rahvakultuuri uuriva teadusena üldmõistet etnoloogia. Saksakeelses tehakse vahet euroopa etnoloogia ja etnoloogia vahel. Inglise k teaduskirjanduses võib folkloristika hõlmata sama ala, mida mujal käsitatakse etnoloogiana. Eestis on need lahus. Ingl k folkloristika erijoon kultuurantropoloogiliste meetodite eelistamine. 19. Saj II pool iseseisvate teadusharude väljakujunemine Euroopas
Folkloristika kordamisküsimused 1. Nimeta ja kommenteeri vähemalt kolme folkloori tähistavat terminit ja nende tausta. vanavara, ka vana vara – termini tõi kasutusele Fr. R. Kreutzwald 1861.a.; propageeris laialt Jakob Hurt (arusaam, et rahvaluule on midagi vana ja väärtuslikku); rahvamälestused – käibesse tõi termini 1870. aastatel Jakob Hurt (käsitles rahvaluulet osana ajaloost) folkloor < ingl. folklore = folk + lore; termini võttis kasutusele William John Thoms 1846.a.; Eestis kasutusel esmalt toorlaenuna; rahvaluule – eelmise tõlge (vrd ka sm kansanrunous), termini võttis kasutusele Jaan Bergman 1878.a. arYklis “Sõnakene luuldest”, Sakala lisaleht, nr. 3 folkloor = rahvaluule; omakeelne termin avaramas tähenduses laiemalt kasutusel alates M.J.Eiseni töödest 1890. aastatel; pärimus < soome perinne; kasutusel osaliselt rahvaluule sünonüümina, osaliselt kattub
genesis, structure, classification, and functioning of literary works, on stylistics and versification, as well as on the methodology of literary criticism, a number of major courses being offered in these specialist areas. The Division of the Russian Language and Literature unites the Department of the Russian Language, the Department of Russian Literature, the Department of Russian Literature of XX century, and the Department of Russian Folklore. The core curriculum includes courses in the history of Russian literature (from Kievan Rus times to the present) and folklore, modern Russian , Old Slavonic, the history of the Russian language and Russian dialectology, etc. The Department of Russian Literature of XX century in Russian literature explore (from 1890s to the present), including works of Russian emigrants abroad and nonRussian writers in Russia proper.
Ainekursuse "Folkloristika alused" kordamisküsimused eksamiks (2017) 1. Nimeta vähemalt kolme folkloori tähistavat terminit ja ava nende tausta. Vanavara, ka vana vara termini tõi kasutusele Fr. R. Kreutzwald 1861.a.; propageeris laialt Jakob Hurt (arusaam, et rahvaluule on midagi vana ja väärtuslikku); Rahvamälestused käibesse tõi termini 1870. aastatel Jakob Hurt (käsitles rahvaluulet osana ajaloost) Folkloor < ingl. folklore = folk (ee rahvas) + lore (ee tarkus, pärimus); termini võttis kasutusele William John Thoms 1846.a.; Eestis kasutusel esmalt toorlaenuna; Folkloor = rahvaluule; omakeelne termin avaramas tähenduses laiemalt kasutusel alates M.J.Eiseni töödest 1890. aastatel; Rahvaluule eelmise tõlge (vrd ka sm kansanrunous), termini võttis kasutusele Jaan Bergman 1878.a. artiklis "Sõnakene luuldest", Sakala lisaleht, nr. 3 Pärimus < soome perinne; kasutusel osaliselt rahvaluule sünonüümina,
2. Lewis, R.D. 1999. Kultuuridevahelised erinevused - kuidas edukalt ületada kultuuribarjääri. Tea Kirjastus. Tallinn. 3. Ahmad, K. 1980. Studies In Islamic Economics. Leicester, U.K. 4. Hattstein, M. 2008. Islam: usk ja kultuur. Kirjastus Koolibri. Tallinn. 5. Hommik-Mrabte, K. 2010. Islami viis tugisammast. Eesti Islami Kogudus. Tallinn. 6. Hommik-Mrabte, K. 2011. Mida peaks teadma Islamist? Eesti Islami Kogudus. Tallinn. 7. Dwight, F.R. 2007. Arab folklore: A handbook. Greenwood Press. Muud allikad 1. FSA encourages growth of Islamic finance in the UK. 28.11.2007. Artikkel leheküljelt http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/Library/Communication/PR/2007/121.shtml välja otsitud 10.03.2013 2. Euroopa Majandus- ja Sotsiaalkomitee arvamus teemal ,,Euroopa liiklusohutuse ala suunas: liiklusohutuse strateegilised suunised aastani 2020" (Euroopa Parlamendi taotlusel koostatav arvamus). 15.02.2011
Kirjaeelsetes kultuurides tekkis hinge idee püüdest maailma seletada, praktilksed ühiskonnad, mis tugunesid ratsionaalsele mõtlemisele Teooria maagia tähendusest tugevalt seotud Frazeriga leidis, et on olemas 3 peamist mõtteviisi: maagiline, religioosne, teaduslik James George Frazer (1854-1941): Sotlane, kuid veetis enamus elust Cambridge ülikoolis, erudiit Maagiat ja religiooni käsitlevad teosed, entsüklopeediate sissekanded Folklore in the Old Testament (1918), Toteism and Exogamy (1910), The Golden Branch Mõjutatud Tylorist 19. saj peamine evolutsiooniteoreetik huvitusid religiooni päritolust ning uskusid, et see tukeneb ratsionaalsetest järeldustest ümbritseva maailma kohta ,,Kuldne oks" kogumik maagia- ja religiooni-alastest teadmistest, vaatleb müüdi, religiooni jms ajalugu üle kogu maailma; eesmãrgiks mustrite, universaalsete joonte leidmine
entertainment. The White Lady Days is a summer celebration filled with amusement for all the family. Held in and around the remains of the Teutonic-knights-era castles, the fair combines enchanting medieval legends with modern countryside charm to create a comprehensive experience of Estonia beyond the big cities. But the legend of the White Lady of Haapsalu, which is at the heart of the festival, is perhaps the most famous tall tale of the many that are so abundant in Estonia's folklore. It is the story of a poor girl who falls in love with the son of the village elder, and disguises herself as a choirboy in order to sneak into the castle. But, alas, the lord of the manor's son discovers the deception. He is overcome by jealous rage and orders his men to seal the girl inside the thick stone walls while still alive. Turned into an incarnation of undying love, the White Lady now appears every August, on the night of the full moon, in the Dome Church chapel window.
Kultuuriantropoloogia 2011 sügissemester Kohustuslik kirjandus: 1) Vikerkaar 4-5/ 2007, lk 64-77, 132-165 2) Marcus, G. ja Fischer, M. 1996 Anthropology as Cultural Critique. An Experimental Moment in the Human Sciences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. II ptk, lk 17-44 3) Honko, L. & Pentikäinen, J. Kultuuriantropoloogia, lk 90-103 Antropoloogia teadus inimesest, uurib nii eelajaloolist kui modernset inimest ja tema eluviise. Anthropos - inimene. Antropoloogia on inimest kui liiki ja selle arengut ning inimese kultuurikäitumist ja kultuure uurivate loodus,- humanitaar-, ühiskonnateaduste üldnimetus. Eesmärk anda süsteemset, võrdlevat teadmist maailma rahvaste, kultuuride kohta. R. Girtler: Kindlasti ei ole kultuuriantropoloogia primitiivsete rahvaste uurimine. G. P. Murdock: võrdlev teadus, mis üheskoos sotsioloogia ja psüholoogiaga üritab hõlmata inimese erinevaid käitumismustreid. Kultuuriantropoloogi...
English literature is one of the oldest literatures in Europe; dates back to the 6th century AD. Oral literature, i.e. not written down, spread from person to person. In 449 AD Anglo-‐Saxon tribes invaded England – beginning of the Anglo-‐Saxon period in English literature. The first form of literature was folklore, carried by scops and gleemen, who sang in alliterative verse (a kind of simple poetry). Prose developed much later. The first form of recorded English literature was the epic Beowulf, which was produced sometime near the end of the 7th and beginning of the 8th century. It has no ...
and many particulars, Longfellow's poem is very much a work of American Romantic literature, not a representation of Native American oral tradition. Longfellow insisted, "I can give chapter and verse for these legends. Their chief value is that they are Indian legends." Longfellow had originally planned on following Schoolcraft in calling his hero Manabozho, the name in use at the time among the Ojibwe of the south shore of Lake Superior for a figure of their folklore, a trickstertransformer. But in his journal entry for June 28, 1854, he wrote, "Work at 'Manabozho;' or, as I think I shall call it, 'Hiawatha'--that being another name for the same personage." Hiawatha was not "another name for the same personage" (the mistaken identification of the trickster figure was made first by Schoolcraft and compounded by Longfellow), but a probable historical figure associated with
and short-stories Á a fascinating exercise, during which they and I learned quite a lot about the very different workings of Rumanian and English minds, as revealed through the use of language. My supply of translated Rumanian history, folklore, poetry, essays and fiction was ample and illuminating. (Murphy, 1992, p. 198) Eva Hoffman's Eastern European roots enable her to intuit the `more intimate proximity between people' in this part of the world, `with all the excesses of love and
Erinevate keelte semantiline struktuur, eriti grammatika mõjutab meie mõtlemist, seega kultuuri Ruth Benedict (1887-1948) Esimesi naisi, kellest sai oluline sotsiaalteadlane tollases Ameerika ühiskonnas Sündis New Yorgis, õppis Vassari Kolledzis 1919 läks Columbia Ülikooli New Yorgis, kus õppis Franz Boase käe all ning sai ka doktorikraadi. Benedict oli mõjutatud Boase ühiskonna sotsiaalse võrdsuse ideedest. Oli ka Ameerika Antropoloogia Ühenduse president ning 'American Folklore Society' liige. Ema õpetaja, isa kirurg. Isa suri noorelt, mis põhjustas emas lakkamatut leina, mida Ruth nägi kui suurt nõrkust. Tugev psühholoogiline mõju kaotas isa surmas ning ema leinas. Lõi enda jaoks kaks eri maailma: Fantaasia- ja õnnemaailm (seotud isa, surma ja iluga) ,,päris" maailm, mida täitis ema nutt, segadus ja lein Tundis suurt huvi surma vastu, pidas seda väga lummavaks. 7-aastaselt hakkas kirjutama lühikesi lugusid ning luges
III. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CULTURAL AND MUSICAL LIFE: THE END OF THE TSARIST PERIOD. THE INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA: THE INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIONS FROM WESTERN ART AND THE EVOLUTION OF NATIONALLY ORIENTED MUSICAL TRENDS. IV. THE TWENTIES. ARTUR KAPP: ROMANTICIST AND DRAMATIST. V. THE INFLUENCE OF NEW WESTERN MUSICAL TRENDS. HEINO ELLER: A PROGRAMME PAINTER. VI. THE THIRTIES. THE WIDENING OF NATIONAL SYMPHONISM. THE RISE OF ATTENTION TO HISTORY AND FOLKLORE: JUHAN AAVIK, EDUARD TUBIN, EUGEN KAPP. VII. FURTHER MATURING OF SYMPHONIC MUSIC: HEINO ELLER, EVALD AAV, EDUARD TUBIN. THE FIRST ESTONIAN BALLET. SUMMARY OF THE REPUBLICAN PERIOD. HALF A CENTURY UNDER SOVIET OCCUPATION. IDEOLOGY OVER MUSIC. EXTENSIVE INFLUX OF CONTEMPORARY TRENDS. VIII. THE FORTIES. TRANSFORMATION OF ESTONIAN LIFE. THE WAR-TIME SYMPHONIC OUTPUT. IX. THE PLANTING OF NEW CREATIVE PRINCIPLES DURING THE POST-WAR YEARS. X
Eesti Maaülikool Puittaimede hooldusjuhend Põllumajandus- ja keskkonnainstituut KJ-1 Koostaja: Andi Järvsoo Juhendaja: Ele Vool Tartu 2016 Sisukord Hooldusjuhend taimeliikide/perekondade kaupa.................................................................................6 1. Amelanchier - perekond Toompihlakas............................................................................................6 1.1.Hooldus.......................................................................................................................................6 1.2.Paljundamine..............................................................................................................................7 2. Elaeagnus commutata - Läikiv hõbepuu.....................
Eesti Maaülikool Põllumajandus- ja keskkonnainstituut Kati Markus Puittaimede hooldusjuhend Hooldusjuhend aines ’ilutaimede kasutamine’ Tartu 2016 SISUKORD LÄIKIV HÕBEPUU (Elaeagnus commutata)............................................................................ 7 Iseloomustus............................................................................................................................7 Hooldus................................................................................................................................... 7 KUSLAPUU (Lonicera)............................................................................................................. 8 Iseloomustus............................................................................................................................8 Sinine e. söödav kuslapuu....................................
· On mh sotsiaalse suhtlemise üks tõukajaid, sotsiaalse meediakunsti võimalikke käivitajaid. · Reklaam on üks nn "konsumerismi" toitja (Komsumerism eneseväljenduslik, sümbolilise väärtusega kaupade-teenuste tarbimine. Kalmus 2005) D Reklaami kultuuriline roll · Reklaam mitte ei ole kultuuri mõjutav nähtus vaid ta on kultuuri osa, kultuur ise. ,,Advertising is the folklore of a commodity culture" (James Twitchell 2003, p187) · On tarbimiskultuuri mootor ja kunstiline väljendus. Rakendab ja arendab uusi väljendusvõimalusi ning viise tänapäevase infotehnoloogia baasilt ning samas ei unusta ka juba iidsetena tunduvaid meediume. · On müüdiloome (müüt lugu v. jutustus, mille abil kultuur selgitab v
allt mer kritisk mot socialdemokratin som Danielsson såg som maktfullkomlig och svikande sina ideal från 1930- och 40-talen. Den av de texter som kanske mest förknippas med hans namn är Monologen om sannolikheten. Magisk realism är en stilart inom konst, litteratur och film och har beskrivits som förhöjd verklighet. När det gäller prosa, film och TV-serier är den tillsammans med bl.a. skräck, science fiction, folklore och fantasy en subgenre till spekulativ fiktion. Den realistiska skildringen kryddas med surrealistiska, magiska, absurda och/eller övernaturliga inslag Nyenkelheten uppstod i poesin i början av 60-talet. Den var en reaktion på det förhärskande modernistiska ideal som länge hade rått inom lyriken och framför allt mot den högstämda symbolismen inom den. Modernismen föddes själv i ett uppror mot det formstyrda och styltiga som varit
See: Saxony, Lower Saxony and Saxony- Anhalt in a map of Germany), and Kent was settled by the Jutes. The Anglo-Saxon and Jutish settlers came from northern Germany and present-day Denmark (Jutland). The word ‘Anglo-Saxon’ is used to describe all the newcomers (Angles англы, Saxons саксы, саксонцы, Jutes юты, Frisians фризы), their language (Anglo-Saxon = Old English) and a period in British history (about 450-1066). 2. In folklore and myth King Arthur is a great English hero, and he and his Knights of the Round Table are regarded as the perfect example of medieval nobility and chivalry. In fact, he lived long before medieval times and was a Romanized Celt trying to hold back the advances of the Anglo-Saxons – the very people who became ‘the English’! This is practically all we know about King Arthur, if he ever existed. myth миф
ssssn he Trickster archetype embodies the energies of mischief and desire for change. All the characters in stories who are primarily clowns or comical sidekicks express this ar chetype. T h e specialized form called the Trickster H e r o is the leading figure in many myths and is very popular in folklore and fairy tales. PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTION Tricksters serve several important psychological functions. T h e y cut big egos down to size, and bring heroes and audiences down to earth. By provoking healthy laughter they help us realize our common bonds, and they point out folly and hypocrisy. Above all, they bring about healthy change and transformation, often by drawing attention to the imbalance or absurdity of a stagnant psychological situation. T h e y are the natural
phrase. 1. Growth rings in a log are often so clearly visible that they can reliably indicate age. (A) periodically (B) dependably (C) approximately (D) ordinarily 2. Organic compounds often contain special groups of atoms, called functional groups, that readily undergo chemical reaction. (A) freely (B) reluctantly (C) repeatedly (D) occasionally 3. The construction of the Saint Lawrence seaway was an undertaking of great proportions. (A) triumphs (B) renown (C) dimensions (D) sacrifice 4. Folklore holds that mermaids are natural beings who have prophetic powers. (A) formidable (B) intrusive (C) predictive (D) analogous 5. Faced with the numerous problems brought on by the new industrial age, wage earners were prone to solve their problems through organization. (A) fortunate (B) compelled (C) cautioned (D) inclined LESSON 24 affordable contaminated discernible flourishing maintain mediocre negligible parallel peculiar potent remarkable
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