At 318 metres, Suur Munamägi is not only the highest point in Estonia, but of all the Baltic countries. There are about 1500 islands in Estonia, the biggest of which being Saaremaa and Hiiumaa. Sixty-four species of mammals have been recorded in Estonia, three of them have been introduced: the racoon dog, the American mink and the muskrat. A couple of species have been re-introduced The European beaver, who was hunted to extinction by the end of the 19th century. A vital population of them now exists in Estonia once again. Another re- introduced species is the red deer. An attempt has been made in Estonia in recent years to disperse the population of wolves, encouraging their spread in areas where their colonies have disappeared, and restricting their numbers in other places where it is too high. About 350 bird species have been recorded in Estonia. More than 200 of them breed in Estonia
By AD 100 it had also become the capital of the Roman province. A massive wall was built to protect the city from further attacks. The Roman Empire came under increasing attack across Europe and in AD 410 they retreated. The Romans gave us a language based on Latin, the calendar, law and legal system, the census and also straight roads, central heating and concrete. Anglo- Saxons around AD 400 Anglo- Saxons were warrior farmers from Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands. Later in the 5th century, Anglo-Saxons settled just west of Londinium, around the Strand, and formed the town of Lundenwic. The area of the old Roman city became a landing-place for ships and a centre for trade.The first English King to convert to Christianity, King Ethelbert, founded St Paul's Cathedral in 604. The Vikings 8th and 9th century By the 9th century, London was a very prosperous trading centre, and its wealth attracted the attention of Danish Vikings
farms, laboring in fields that would yield barely enough food to feed the family. New inventions and technology began to change that, however. Larger factories opened and produced new farm equipment, such as the steel plow and the tractor, which allowed farmers to cultivate bigger fields and produce more food that cost much less. Developments in the iron industry also played a central role in the Industrial Revolution. In the early 18th century, Englishman Abraham Darby (1678-1717) discovered a cheaper, easier method to produce cast iron, using a coke-fueled (as opposed to charcoal-fired) furnace. In the 1850s, British engineer Henry Bessemer (1813-1898) developed the first inexpensive process for mass-producing steel. Both iron and steel became essential materials, used to make everything from appliances, tools and machines, to ships, buildings and infrastructure. The steam engine was also integral to industrialization. In 1712,
Moodustati ka hulk opositsioonilisi parteisid, mh liberaalid, Sotsiaaldemokraadid, kommunistid, anarhistid jne.2 1917. aasta Veebruarirevolutsiooni peamiseks baas-põhjuseks oli otseselt see, et Nikolai II polnud õppinud 1905. aastal toimunud revolutsioonist, kuna peagi pärast revolutsiooni lõppu oli ta pimesi tagasi autokraatiasse langenud. 1905. aasta revolutsiooni detailidesse ma 1 The Cambridge History of Russia, Volume III The Twentieth Century. lk 83 2 The Cambridge History of Russia, Volume III The Twentieth Century. lk 72 4 siinkohal ei laskuks, aga võtaksin selle põgusalt läbi. 1905. aasta revolutsioon oli olnud ülevenemaaline nii sotsiaalne kui ka poliitiline revolutsioon, mille algatajaks oli ,,Verine Pühapäev" Peterburis. Verine Pühapäev toimus 9. jaanuaril 1905 ja see sai alguse sellest, et
As nowadays, womans used honey to make food, heal wounds and to make mead. At first our ancestors used wild bee's honey which was collected from their nests. Later, people started to keep bees in hives, as is the case today. Although the sugar arrived in Europe around 1100th year, it reached a wide use until 16th century. In the meantime had the privilege of the rich sugar used to flavor foods, as well as medication. Sugar cane comes from the Pacific Islands The first was to prepare the sugar cane (saccharum officinarum). Herb, which evolved into a cane, came from the Pacific Ocean from individual smaller islands, such as Polynesia and Melanesia. Experts have identified the origin of these herbs of 10 000 - 15 000 years ago, then
Caribbeans and Africans Black Caribbeans are second largest ethnic minority. They come from islands. Caribbeans first arrived in large numbers after the Second World War. Racism and riots In 1958 there were riots against Caribbeans in Notting Hill. In the 1970s skinheads attacked Bangladeshis in Brick Lane. Many black people rioted against in the 1980s. Religious refugees East End was a refuge for two groups. Huguenots from France arrived in the 17th century. In the late 19th century Jews fleeing pogroms in Russia and Central Europe came to London. Many Jews live in North London. Ultra-orthodox group. A young population 1980s- London`s population has been rising since. Asylum-seekers from abroad have contributed to this increase. Young people attracted by jobs or universities. London`s population is younger than the UK`s as a whole. Thank you for looking
Wonders of the modern world I think that wonders of the modern world are scientific and technological achievements, not buildings anymore, like they were believed to be in the Ancient World. In my opinion the most important so called wonder of the modern world is Internet. It's just because it is so widely used in all over the world. It makes possible to do so many things, of what humankind half a century ago couldn't even dream of. It's only a matter of time, when there will be even more interactivity between the user and the website, like for example allowing us to give instructions to the website using speech. Second wonder in modern world would be space travel. Since Neil Armstrong stepped out of his space capsule onto the surface of the moon in 1969, there have been many space probes to several different planets and even to the sun. So far, there has not been found any
variations: · Freestanding tazza-form · Shallow · Bowl Shallow - madal Ornamental fountains variations: · The wall-mounted · Semiattached water ensemble · Fountain figure Another ornamental fountain variation: · The grotto Thomas Jefferson (1743 1826) · Plan for a naturalistic grotto at Monticello · Jefferson's design is uncommon · Most of his ambitious plans were never realized Innovation: · Mass production in the early ninetheenth century (cast iron industy) · Popular subjects for spouts: o Fish o rams' and lions' heads o water plants Cast iron malm, valuraud Popular fountain figures before innovation: · Neptune · Nymphs · Maidens · Children · Cherubs · Cupids · Alligators · Serpents · Swans · Cranes
English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100. Middle English (1100-1500) In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy invaded England. The new conquerors brought with them a kind of French and there was a period where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. Modern English Early Modern English (1500-1800) Towards the end of Middle English the change in pronunciation started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact with many peoples from around the world and many new words and phrases entered the language. In 1604 the first English dictionary was published. Late Modern English (1800-Present)
receiver know a call was being sent to them. It was Thomas Watson who invented the bell. Alexander Graham Bell founded The Bell Telephone Company in 1877 to build a nationwide telephone system. By 1881, there were 132 700 Bell telephones in homes. The telephone became one of the most popular methods of communication. People started writing fewer letters and visited less often, so the main problem of 21 st century started already in 19th century. There are now three main types of phones or phone like devices: landline telephones, mobile phones and VoIP phones which are known as an office phones. As we can see now, the telephone has changed society a lot after its invention.
London London is one of the world's great cities. Located in the southeast of England, on the River Thames, it is the capital of the United Kingdom and has been the heart of its political, cultural and business life for centuries. London has always been the centre of the world. The origin of the city may be dated around the beginning of the 1st century when a Celtic tribe settled near the Thames. The Romans founded London about 50 AD. Its name is derived from the Celtic word Londinios, which means `the place of the bold one'. The Romans brought with them forts, roads and the rule of law. Then in 61 AD Queen Boudicca led a rebellion against the Romans. Her army marched on London. No attempt was made to defend London. Boudicca burned London but after her rebellion was crushed it was rebuilt. By the
" 8. Unmarked plurality on amounts of measurement after numerals 10 pound, 20 year 9. Different forms of the relative pronoun ,,The man what lives there."/ ,,The man as lives there." 10. Regularisation of reflexive pronouns myself; herself; hisself; theirselves 11. Distinction between main and auxiliary verb ,,do" ,,You done it, did you?" 2) The spread of English. The Inner / Outer / Expanding Circle THE SPREAD OF ENGLISH · 16-18th century the spread took place. · By the beginning of the 19th century English had spread to virtually every part of the world. · 19-20th century the number of speakers only grew. The growth was achieved by covering more land, exploring more land, going west, and accepting new immigrants from other places of the world. The spread of English also brought political growth and the spread of power. Besides the number of countries, it also grew from the economic and military might and strength of
Anniversary of the republic is celebrated on February 20. The national flower is cornflower, national bird is barn swallow and national stone is limestone. It is a land of great natural beauty with a long and varied history and rich culture. It has served as a junction of international trade routes for centuries. History. The oldest marks of habitation on the territory of Estonia date from the 8th millennium BC. Fortified settlements were established in the 1 st century BC. The ancestors of Estonians formed several independent states headed by elected elders. Until the beginning of the 13th century Estonia was politically independent. Then began a long chain of occupation and control by foreign powers. In the 1200s the German crusaders converted Estonia into a Christianity by force and took control over South Estonia. In 1219 Denmark conquered Northern Estonia. About a century later, in 1346 Denmark sold its territory to Germany
Trip to Estonia Day 1 Tallinn · The first day, I would spend in Tallinn's Old Town. The Old Town has architecture from the 14th and the 15th century, which is quite interesting, compared to architecture today. . Day 2 Narva · On day 2, I would visit Narva and look at the castle, which was built in the 14th century by the Danes. The castle is now a museum, so while sight-seeing, a person could also learn about the castle. Across the river is the Ivangorod castle. Day 3 Tartu · I would visit Tartu on day 3. First, I would go and have a look at the Old Town to learn about it. Then, I would go have a look at the Tartu University, which is quite near. Day 4 Alatskivi · On day 4, I would go to Alatskivi and have a look at the castle. Alatskivi is near Tartu and it's also near
In 2007, a wonderful surprise "Moliere", enchanted the romantics and critics all over Europe. An historical love story, surrounded by affairs and intrigues, now retold in new colours, gained popularity amongst young and elderly, connecting those who prefer theatre, good humour and a little bit of sadness. It can be said that the play of the actors was one of the most successful challenges performed in front of the camera. They lived in the seventeenth century, talking and feeling everything as naturally as if they had been born around that time. The humour mostly gentle, sometimes cruel, described and criticised perfectly every aspect of the complicated society, the naïve King and the women who had secret love affairs. It is clear that the actors gave their best while filming the movie and got the result they may be proud of. As for more, the story itself is catching. The main character, the poor playwright
Americans. During the next 200 years, people from several European countries sailed across the Atlantic to settle the New World. Native Americans suffered from the hands of the new settlers. A many educated people from Ireland, like teachers or doctors, left their country and came to America. They wrote letters to their families, where they said that America was full of new opportunities for everybody. In the middle of the 19th century many British people started they journey to America from Liverpool. A great number of settlers were the Irish who left their country after the Irish Potato Famine on 1845-1849, when families lost their main food, the potato crop. During the journey, many people suffered from illnesses or died. When the boats arrived at Ellis island, new settlers often had to wait a medical examination. As many Irish immigrants were uneducated, the man worked at building bridges, canals and women
Report of SCOTLAND Maiki Joakit 10. klass 2008 Etymology Scotland is from the Latin Scoti, the term applied to Gaels. The Late Latin word Scotia (land of the Gaels) was initially used to refer to Ireland. By the 11th century at the latest, Scotia was being used to refer to (Gaelic-speaking) Scotland north of the river Forth, alongside Albania or Albany, both derived from the Gaelic Alba. The use of the words Scots and Scotland to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the Late Middle Ages. History Repeated glaciations, which covered the entire land-mass of modern Scotland, have destroyed any traces of human habitation that may have existed before the Mesolithic period
Next time they came in 43 A.D. and their leader was Emperor Claudius. Romans brought a lot with them. Their brought paved roads, the sites of important cities, the seeds of Christianity, the Roman law, Roman baths, language and advanced civilization. They also built Hadrian's Wall in 122 A.D. Romans occupied Britain for four centuries. The Roman way of life all vanished after the invasions from Northern Europe by the Angles, Saxons and Jutes from the 5th century onwards. They ruined Londinium, but they were easily turned into Christianity and religion became more and more important. The Vikings, who came in the 9th century, first raided England to plunder it, but then they decided to stay. In the 10th century England fell under Danish Rule, with King Canute finally managing to unite the Anglo-Saxons and Danes at the beginning of 11th century. Medieval England After defeating the Anglo-Saxon King Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066,
Many high-level positions in companies are filled by men even though the workforce in many developed countries is more than 50 percent female. Companies should be required to allocate a certain percentage of these positions to women. To what extent do you agree? In the 21st century it is all about gender equality and every individual wants to achieve high level position in their work place. In the past, women, in many societies, had less rights and privileges than men. The statement says that companies should give a certain number of higher positions to women. However, I do not agree with this requirement completely. Giving a certain percent of higher positions to women certainly is an easy solution but in my opinion it will bring even more sexism
The future emperor Vespasian subdued the southwest,Cogidubnus was set up as a friendly king of several territories, and treaties were made with tribes outside the area under direct Roman control.Romans built many roads and also many great bulidings like the Hadrians wall. Anglo-Saxons and Normans The history of Anglo-Saxon England broadly covers early medieval England from the end of Roman rule and the establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the 5th century until the Conquest by the Normans in 1066. Christianisation of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms began around 600 and was essentially complete by the mid 8th century. Throughout the 7th and 8th centuries, power fluctuated between the larger kingdoms. Bede records Aethelbert of Kent as being dominant at the close of the 6th century, but power seems to have shifted northwards to the kingdoms of Mercia and Northumbria. Aethelbert and some of the later kings of the other kingdoms were recognised by their
60 million people outside Ireland claim Irish ancestry Landscape and climate Ireland is low in the middle and high at its edges. Not very high mountains; highest is Carrantuohill (1,040 m) in the southwest At Moher, you can look 200m straight down into the sea Green fields, full of flowers, wide and empty beaches All landscape types are represented Climate is damp Ireland is one of the wettest countries in Europe History St Patrick converted the Irish to Christianity In mid16th century Henry VIII declared himself King of Ireland and broke away from the Roman Catholic Church In 1601, Queen Elizabeth I defeated the Irish army at the battle of Kinsale and the land was dominated by Protestants The Act of Union in 1801 made England and Ireland one country with one parliament in London By 1900 Catholics could vote and speak in Parliament and there were Catholic schools and churches In 1916 Ireland was declared a free country
The relatively limited variety of fauna and flora on the island is due to its size and the fact that wildlife has had little time to develop since the last glacial period. The high level of urbanisation on the island has contributed to a species extinction rate that is about 100 times greater than the background species extinction rate. The economy of the United Kingdom is the seventh-largest national economy in the world. In the 18th century the UK was the first country in the world to industrialise, and during the 19th century possessed a dominant role in the global economy. From the late 19th century the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States and the German Empire presented an increasing challenge to Britain's role as leader of the global economy. The flag of the United Kingdom is the Union Flag (also referred to as the Union Jack). It was first created in 1606 by the superimposition of the Flag
21st Century Workplace The economy of the 21st century is based on skills and (0) knowledge according to a recent report. KNOW The study shows that throughout this century there will be more jobs in the workplace for those with (1) ... QUALIFY and the right skills, and fewer jobs for those with none. The best (2) ... will be one that can demonstrate a level EMPLOY of academic or (3) ... achievement that can enable the VOCATION individual to support their CV with evidence of desirable personal qualities. As (4) ... increases and GLOBE technological advances make typical working
long.The highest point of Tallinn, at 64 meters above the sea level, is situated in the district of Nõmme, in the south-west of the city. The first human steps, that archeologists found, are about 5000 years old. Tallinn`s first fortress was built in Toompea, in 1050. As an important port for trade between Russia and Scandinavia, it became a target for the expansion of the Teutonic Knights and the Kingdom of Denmark during the period of Northern Crusades in the beginning of the 13th century when Christianity was forcibly imposed on the local population. Danish rule of Tallinn and Northern Estonia started in 1219. In 1285 the city became the northernmost member of the Hanseatic League - a military alliance of German-dominated cities inNorthern Europe. The Danes sold Tallinn along with their other land possessions in northern Estonia to the Teutonic Knights in 1346. Medieval Tallinn enjoyed a strategic position at the crossroads of trade between Western and Northern Europe and Russia
In the year 200 they built a wall around their city. The wall doesn't exist today, but a part of it can be seen near the Museum of London. In the year 61 Londinium was burned down. The houses were made out of wood back then, so this was easy to do. The people, who destroyed the city, were from the Iceni tribe. The tribe was located to the north-east of Londinium. They had bad relations with the Romans, which is why they burned down the place. London was rebuilt in the year 100. During the 2nd century, Roman London had a population around 60 000 people. In the 8th century there was a lot of Vikings attacking the city. Alfred the Great, an Anglo-Saxon king, was fighting against them. His people created a new settlement called Lundenwic 2 km upstream of Londinium. In 886 Alfred made peace with the Danish Vikings. Their king was named Guthrum. London Wall The Norman Conquest During the 9th century, London was the largest city of England. At that time, the
and more modern images start to play an important role representing China. When we first think of China we may call to mind images such The Great Wall of China, tiny people, communism, business centre Hong-Kong and the ancient emperor and dynasties. Including these images China is well known by its diverse landscapes and strong ancient traditions. The Great Wall of China is the typical and the most common symbol of China. The Great Wall of China was built from 5th century BC to 16th century to protect Chinese Empire from Mongol invaders. The Great Wall of China boasts with its lenght of 6400km and it is even recognisable for the outer space. It was really hard to build a massive wall on landscape so diverse. The northern part of China is quite mountainous and covered by huge deserts. On the other hand the southern part is famous for its enormous rainforests. The Chinese people are know as really kind and helpful people and they are also known as tiny people
Chivalric Romance Originated in France in 12-13 century. Usually in the form of the narrative poetry -> later it disappeared. The storyline centers around a knight who undergoes several battles to win the heart of his loved one. Romance vs. Pastoral ROMANCE PASTORAL Lady was from the higher class than a knight. Lady was a shepherdess who seduces the knight. Impossible love Impossible love There are 3 categories of Chivalric Romance 1
and must be impartial. The prime minister has a charge to run the country. · Britains's all 4 counties have ther own culture and national emblems: red rose for england, thistel for scotland, a daffodil for wales and a shamrock for northen ireland. · The national currensy is the british pound. Banknotes are issued in diffrent denominations. And also ther's coins · The uk has a lot of plaintful supplies of coal, gas and oil. Industrial revolution in 19th century. People moved to the rapidly expanding towns. Shipbuilding and tectile industries flourished. In the 20th century the light industries that use elecricity not raw materials. The consumer boom of the 1980s led to raipin growth in service industries like banking, tourism, retailing and information processing.
The themes dealt with in a book are simply not relevant to young people today When we create a chart of things that young people like to do in their free time, reading would probably not be in the first three. Is it related to the themes discussed in books and are those themes irrelevant to young people today? Obligatory books in basic school and gymnasium, are mostly from the previous century or from even earlier. Those books are mainly discussing love, wars and relations having one but those books don't talk about everything. They have their confines and mainly concentrate on descriptions and less on the story. But young people want their own picture from the book, they don't need every detail described. When we think more about the themes disussed in obligatory books, then they are also hold in check. Here is the second problem, youngsters can't relate to those topics
and must be impartial. The prime minister has a charge to run the country. · Britains's all 4 counties have ther own culture and national emblems: red rose for england, thistel for scotland, a daffodil for wales and a shamrock for northen ireland. · The national currensy is the british pound. Banknotes are issued in diffrent denominations. And also ther's coins · The uk has a lot of plaintful supplies of coal, gas and oil. Industrial revolution in 19th century. People moved to the rapidly expanding towns. Shipbuilding and tectile industries flourished. In the 20th century the light industries that use elecricity not raw materials. The consumer boom of the 1980s led to raipin growth in service industries like banking, tourism, retailing and information processing.
Golf Golf is a precision club and ball sport, in which golfers use many types of clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a golf course using the fewest number of strokes. While the modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland, the game's ancient origins are unclear and much debated. Some historians trace the sport back to the Roman game of paganica, in which participants used a bent stick to hit a stuffed leather ball. One theory asserts that paganica spread throughout Europe as the Romans conquered most of the continent, during the first century BC, and eventually evolved into the modern game. A golf course consists of a series of holes, each with a teeing ground that is set off by two
Irish literature Heleri Rebane Tallinna Prsntsuse Lütseum 03.01.2014 From the beginning · earliest recorded Irish writing dates from the seventh century · was produced by monks · the monks of Ireland recorded both poetry and mythological tales The Middle Ages (500-1500) Irish writing of 6th century The book of Armagh · the earliest surviving complete NT manuscript produced in Ireland. · some of the oldest surviving specimens of Old Irish. · it was the work of a scribe named Ferdomnach of Armagh The book of Armagh Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) · Was born in Dublin, Ireland · Swift was part of the inner circle of the Tory government He is remembered for works such as: · Gulliver's Travels · The battle of the books Jonathan Swift
Elvis Presley Elvis (Aaron) Presley was an American singer and actor. One of the most popular musicians of the 20th century, he is often referred to as the "King of Rock and Roll" or "the King". Elvis Aaron Presley born in Tupelo, Mississippi, Presley moved to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family at the age of 13. He began his career there in 1954, working with Sun Records owner Sam Phillips, who wanted to bring the sound of African-American music to a wider audience. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was the most important popularizer
flooding the lower-lying land that is now under the North Sea and the English Channel. The improving climate changed the environment. Vast forests covered most of the lowlands and highlands, which were rich in various animals. Rivers teemed with fish. The island became a very comfortable place to live in. Albion The most ancient name for Britain was Albion which was first used by a Greek author in the 6th century BC. Though Celtic in origin, it was supposed by the Romans to come from Lat. albus (white), with reference to the chalk cliffs at Dover. White cliffs are the first and last sight of land for visitors who come to Britain by sea. Notes 1. The British Isles is a geographical term for the islands bounded by the English Channel, the Strait of Dover, the North Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean. The
everyday life for almost every Estonian. Of course, it is not only the case of Estonia. Americanization is taking place all over the world. We could say, that we are just dealing with globalization, but since the most influence apparently comes from US and not equally from the rest of the world, I would say we rather deal with Americanization. Language is unquestionably an integral part of culture and through language people recognise their national identity. Until the 20th century, our mother tongue was most influenced by German language. During the first half of 20th century, Estonian language was closer to Finnish and the second half of 20th century was dominated by Russian influences. In the 21th century, however, Estonian language has been stoutly impacted by English. Some people are very protective and resolute about preserving Estonian language with its linguistic diversity just as it is without any foreign influences
United Kingdom AT115 Martin Pillai Early history • In 1066, the Normans invaded England from France • In 1603, the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland were united in a personal union when James VI, King of Scots, inherited the crowns of England and Ireland and moved his court from Edinburgh to London • In the mid-17th century, all three kingdoms were involved in a series of connected wars, which led to the temporary overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the short-lived unitary republic of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. Acts of Union • On 1 May 1707, the united Kingdom of Great Britain came into being, the result of Acts of Union being passed by the parliaments of England and Scotland to ratify the 1706 Treaty
The first major settlement was founded by the Romans in 43 AD. Canute took control of the English throne in 1016, controlling the city and country until 1035, when his death resulted in a reversion to Saxon control under his pious stepson Edward the Confessor, who refounded Westminster Abbey and the adjacent Palace of Westminster. By this time, London had become the largest and most prosperous city in England, although the official seat of government was still at Winchester. In the 16th century William Shakespeare and his contemporaries lived in London at a time of hostility to the development of the theatre. London was plagued by disease in the early 17th century, culminating in the Great Plague of 16651666, which killed up to 100,000 people or a fifth of the population. The Great Fire of London broke out in City and quickly swept through the wooden buildings. London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925.
What kind of city is Tallinn? What is it famous for? Old own The old City, city of Hanseatic sellers, was not an administrative part of a city (the Cathedral Hill) till the end of a XIX-th century. It was the centre of medieval marketing that has provided him well- being. Now it is the most popular place among tourists with shops and big variety of restaurants. It was opened 22 july 1718 year.Kadriorg it is the largest park in Tallinn.Kadriorg`s founder was the Peter I. He named the park in honour of his wife Ekaterine I. Y ou can walk around this beautiful park and enjoy delightful sights of nature. Tallinn Hall square is the area, popular in summer months and is
marketplace for centuries, dating back to times even before the Town Hall itself was built. Through the years this served as a place of celebrations as well as executions. St. Olav's Church was the tallest church in Medieval Europe. The earliest data on St. Olav's Church come from 1267. Little is known about the building of this Gothic style church and its early years. Church of the Holy Ghost is the only sacred building from the 14th century in Tallinn that has preserved its original form. The simple, humble Church of Holy Ghost was completed in the 1360's, but for the exception of the baroque spire, it has retained its original medieval exterior. Tallinn City Museum's exhibition covers the history of the city from the 13th century to the 1990's. Located in the home of a medieval merchant in the heart of the Old Town, the City Museum introduces Tallinn with a completely new, attractive permanent
crosses Tartu. The city is served by Tartu Airport. Tartu was the place where the northsouth road going above the major waterwaysriver.Thought to be the sixth8.Here is the hill fortress built centuries. In Tartu live 82268 Estonians, 15998 Russians, 1214 Finns, 491 Belorussians, 141 Jews, 140 Poles, 124 Germans, 109 Latvians, 91 Lithuanians, 81 Tatars and 673 other nationality people. Mostly known as a university town, Tartu is also a site of heavy industry. In the beginning of the 21st century, many IT enterprises and other hightech companies have taken a foothold in Tartu. Notable examples include Playtech Estonia, Webmedia, Tarkon, Regio and Raintree Estonia. Skype has an office in Tartu. The university is one of the largest employers, which explains the large proportion of highly skilled professionals researchers, professors, doctors. Most notable are the old Lutheran St. John's Church the 18thcentury town hall, the university
of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It is the oldest building used by the British government. [1] TOWER BRIDGE: Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, England, over the River Thames. It is close to the Tower of London, which gives it its name.It has become an iconic symbol of London. WESTMINISTER ABBEY: Westminster Abbey is steeped in more than a thousand years of history. Benedictine monks first came to this site in the middle of the tenth century, establishing a tradition of daily worship which continues to this day. The Abbey has been the coronation church since 1066 and is the final resting place of seventeen monarchs. THE PALACE OF WESTMINISTER AND BIG BEN: The Palace of Westminster, also known as the Houses of Parliament or Westminster Palace, is the seat of the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom--the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The
the North Atlantic but England also includes over 100 small isl such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isles of weight.The area now called England has been settled by people of various cultures for about 35,000 years, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The Kingdom of Englan which after 1284 included Wales was a sovereign state until 1.May 1707, when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year, resulting in a political union with the Kingtdom of Great Britain to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain 1800. The name "England" is derived from the Old English word Englaland, which means "land of the Angeles"
the sky. The middle stripe of black stands for the land. The white stripe at the bottom symbolizes hope in the future. The president is the most powerful official in Estonia's government. The country's parliament elects the president to a five-year term. The parliament has 101 members, who are elected by the people. The prime minister is recommended by the president and he heads the operations of the government. Modern industrial development, which began in the second half of the 19 th century was oriented toward the Russian market. Large textile mills were set up in Narva and electric motor production plants and shipyard in Tallinn. Today Narva provides most of Estonian's electricity. Developments in the Estonian agriculture have been influenced by the changes in the economical environment. Estonian agriculture must also find place in the European economy. The national conditions are best suited breeding daily cattle. At the moment the
Tallinn English College Topic Estonia Tallinn 2008 1. Introduction Estonia is a small country about the size of Switzerland, or New Hampshire and Massachussetts combined. Estonia is named after the people called "Ests" who lived in the region in the 1 st century AD. The Republic of Estonia is one of the three countries commonly known as the "Baltic States". The other Baltic States are Latvia and Lithuania. 2. Geographical position Estonia is situated in northeastern Europe. Estonia is bounded on the north by the Gulf of Finland, on the east by Russia, on the south by Latvia and on the west by the Baltic Sea. In the north it borders on Finland. The coastline of the Baltic
· Henry David Thoreau (1817 1862) Famous writers · Small literary world, writers knew each other · Washington Irving (1783 -1859) · James Fenimore Cooper (1789 -1851) · Nathaniel Hawthorne (1819 1891) · Herman Melville (1819 -1891) · Edgar Allan Poe (1809 -1840) · Walt Whitman (1819 -1892) · Emily Dickinson (1830 -1886) Washington Irving & James Fenimore Cooper · American writers of the early 19th century · Acclaim in Europe · Irving's best known "Rip Van Winkle" · J.F. Cooper's "Leatherstocking Tales" · Cooper American historical novel Edgar Allan Poe · January 19, 1809 October 7, 1849 · American poet, short story writer, editor, literary critic · love, beauty and death · Arabesque · Horror, crime, detective fiction, Poe's works · Tale "The fall of the House of Usher" · Tale "The Murders in the Rue Morgue"
Shakespeare`s sonnets Sonnets in the world In Italy in the 14 century by Petrarch In England in the 15 century Fourteen lines Iambic pentameter 2 four-line and 2 three-line stanzas The structure of the Shakespearen sonnet It differs from Italian sonnet Three quatrians and a rhymed couplet In iambic pentameter The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg Shakespeare`s creation 154 sonnets
THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT a.k.a thePalace of Westminster IN GENERAL... The last monarch to live there, Henry VIII, moved out in 1512 Parliament has met in the Palace of Westminster since around 1550 there has been a royal palace on this site for nearly 1,000 years in the 19th Century a fire destroyed most of the earlier medieval buildings HISTORY Was originally laid out for Edward the Confessor more than 1,000 years ago in 1066, became the home of William the Conqueror in 1834, everything except Westminster Hall was burnt in the great fire the present building was designed specifically to house parliament and was laid out in Gothic style by Sir Charles Barry, completed in the 1840's THE BUILDING Nearly 1,200 rooms 100 staircases
The history of movies starts in early 1900s. American inventor Thomas Edison, began making short motion pictures at the turn of the century. In 1903, a movie called "The Great Train Robbery" was the first one to tell the whole story. Movies were silent at this time and orchestras played music in theathers, so movies would have sound. The Jazz Singer in 1927 was the first movie to have sound. A year later, 1928, a funny animation movie "Steamboat willie" was produced. 1920-s were also the rise of hollywood. The majority of film making took place in the hollywood area. Hollywood was the initial birth place of the studios
· Most of Italy's natural flora and fauna has disappeared due to centuries of cultivation. Most of its natural wildlife has also disappeared due to over-hunting · No other country in Europe has as many volcanoes as Italy. This is because the Italian peninsula stands on a fault line. Three major volcanoes (Etna, Stromboli, and Vesuvius) have erupted in the last hundred years · The world's first operas were composed in Italy at the end of the sixteenth century. HOLLAND/ Neatherland · Holland has the highest museum density in the world, with almost 1000 museums. The Van Gogh Museum and the Kröller-Müller Museum of Holland house the largest Van Gogh collections in the world. · Hollanders usually have a bunch of flowers in their living rooms. · The landscape of Holland is dotted with windmills, which have become its hallmark. · The country has over 4,400 km of navigable rivers, canals and lakes.
Philosophy Today The Great Divide Most contemporary philosophers follow one of two approaches "Continental" philosophy "Analytic" philosophy Continental philosophy is more influential on the European continent Analytic philosophy is predominant in the major research universities in the English-speaking world Analytic Philosophy Analytic philosophy developed from attempts in the early 20th century to make our concepts precise. The model of this procedure was science. Emphasis in contemporary analytic philosophy is on language and meaning, and meaning is understood as a relation between language and objective reality. Thus, understanding the structure of language is what reveals the structure of reality. Continental Philosophy At the same time that analytic philosophy was emerging, E. Husserl was developing his "phenomenological" approach to philosophy.
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