The interior design process follows a systematic and coordinated methodology, including research, analysis, and integration of knowledge into the creative process, whereby the needs and resources of the client are satisfied to produce an interior space that fulfills the project goals. Baroque Baroque (pronounced /brok/ b-ROHK in American English or /brk/ in British English) is an artistic style prevalent from the late 16th century to the early 18th century in Europe.[1] It is most often defined as "the dominant style of art in Europe between the Mannerist and Rococo eras, a style characterized by dynamic movement, overt emotion and self-confident rhetoric". The popularity and success of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church, which had decided at the time of the Council of Trent, in response to the Protestant Reformation, that the arts should communicate religious themes in direct and emotional involvement. The
dominions. They were given "responsible government" and became part of the Commonwealth. The Head of State was the British monarch. Nowadays, the word "dominion" is not used. 6. The British Commonwealth of Nations freely unites Britain and its former colonies. Ireland 1. The first inhabitants were hunters and fishers from the European mainland in 6000 BC. In 200 BC, the Celts arrived. 2. Christianity was established during the 5th century by Saint Patrick, who is also Ireland's patron saint. His feast day is on 17th of March, the day he died. 3. The English conquest of Ireland began in the 12th century by Henry II. 4. King James I settled English and Scottish Protestants in the province of Ulster. This has resulted in conflicts between the Irish Catholics and the "planted" Protestants. 5. Home Rule was the name given to the Movement of Independence in 1916. Ireland
A Colonial period Spanish explorers Dutch, English, French, Swedish, Russian and Portuguese Slavery Convicts Native Americans Conflicts between the colonies British colonization Began in 1607 in Jamestown Three types of colonies Independence in mid-20s Eight overseas territories Formation of the United States of America Rebellion General George Washington 4th of July 1776 United States Bill of Rights Slavery Civil War (18611865) Beginning of the 20th century "Gilded age" First nationwide depressions Strongest economy Progressive era World War I Roaring Twenties Spanish flu Eighteenth Amendment KKK Jazz Age Mid 20th century The Great Depression (1929-39) New Deal (193336) World War II Cold War (1945-1991) 21st century World superpower Middle East 9/11 The War on Terror Used material http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf http://books.google.ee/books
Milestones in Estonian History The Estonians are a Finno-Ugric people who came from the area near the Urals and the Volga and Oka rivers. They migrated westward to the Baltic shores some 5, 000 years ago. In the ninth century A.D. Viking ships invaded Estonia and the country became a vital link in the sea-trade between East and West. By the 12th century, the Arabian geographer al-Idrisi had placed the city on his maps. In the 13th century, Tallinn joined the Hanseatic League, the union of European commercial towns that stretched from London to Novgorod. Pärnu, Viljandi and Tartu were also members. Estonia became a vital link in the sea-trade between East and West. The oldest preserved book written in Estonian, a catechism, dates from 1535. Tartu University was established in 1632, on orders from Sweden's King Gustav II Adolf. Literacy spread. The Bible was translated into Estonian in 1739(pole vaja teada).
Edinburgh Castle UK, Scotland an ancient stronghold. History a centre of military activity. Human habitation since 9th century BC. Nowadays Scotland's second-most-visited tourist attraction. The New Barrack Block is home to the official headquarters of the Royal Regiment of Scotland. St. Margaret's Chapel the oldest surviving building in the castle and in Edinburgh. dates from the early 12th century. King David I built it as a private chapel for the royal family. He dedicated it to his mother, Saint Margaret of Scotland, who died in the castle in 1093. St. Margaret's Chapel Crown Square the citadel at the top of the castle. 15th century (during the reign of King James III) as the main courtyard of the castle. Before 1818 it was known as Palace Yard. Royal Palace former Royal Apartments. 15th century residence of the later Stewart monarchs.
country south of the Sahara to achieve independence from colonial rule. In addition to being known for its lush forests, diverse animal life, and miles of sandy beaches along a picturesque coast, Ghana is also celebrated for its rich history--its habitation possibly dating from 10,000 BC--and as a fascinating repository of cultural heritage. The country takes it name from the great medieval trading empire that was located northwest of the modern-day state until its demise in the 13th century. Direct sea trade with Europe, established in the 15th century, had much impact on the area's inhabitants, many of whom actively traded with the Portuguese, Dutch, British, and other Europeans. Forts and castles, many of which still dot the Ghanaian coast today, were constructed by Europeans to protect their trade interests. Although trading was originally centred on the gold that was readily available in the area (and
Description The eastern border of Livonia was mainly formed already in the first half of the 13th century and the first belt of fortresses here was probably ready by the end of the 13th century. The first fortresses were not built on the border but further inland. The first decades of the 14th century brought no changes in the situation. Early in 1340 the relationship with Russians deteriorated again. Provincial master Burchard von Dreileben planned a campaign against Pskov and demanded the help of Tartu bishopric. The provincial master began to build another belt of border fortresses. On the Annunciation Day, March 25, 1342, the building of fortresses in Marienburg and Vastseliina began. The latter was called the fortress of the Virgin Mary, but it
forest. Estonia is also rich in lakes and rivers The largest lake is Peipsi and the second-largest lake is Võrtsjärv. The largest river is Võhandu whinch is 162 meters long. Estonia has many national parks. A national park is a protected area. They are good to protect animals, birds, insects and other natural resources. The most famous national parks are: Lahemaa, Karula, Soomaa, Vilsandi, Matsalu. On the 8th millenium BC first people began to settle here in Estonia. On the 13th century Germans and Danish tried to conquer our country. On the 16th century the first book in Estonian language was publicated. Then the Livonian War began. Northern part of Estonia was occupied by Sweden and the southern part of Estonia was occupied by Poland. On the 17th century Estonia was under Sweden occupation. In 1632 Tartu University was founded. On the 18th century there was a Norhern War and Estonia was occupied by Russia. On the 19th century poeple started to collect Estonian folklore
perhaps as early as the First Dynasty, although the first evidence is from the account books of King Neferirkare Kakai of the Fifth Dynasty (about 2400 BC). Papyrus sheets were glued together to form a scroll. Tree bark such as lime (Latin liber, from which also comes library) and other materials were also used. According to Herodotus (History 5:58), the Phoenicians brought writing and papyrus to Greece around the 10th or 9th century BC. The Greek word for papyrus as writing material (biblion) and book (biblos) come from the Phoenician port town Byblos, through which papyrus was exported to Greece. From Greek we also derive the word tome (Greek: ), which originally meant a slice or piece and from there began to denote "a roll of papyrus". Tomus was used by the Latins with exactly the same meaning as volumen. Whether made from papyrus, parchment, or paper, scrolls were the dominant form of book in the
WOMEN's IDEALS OF BEAUTY THROUGH THE AGES Renaissance 15th century High forehead In the warmer climate hair in plaits, jeweled turbans or caps Using bleach A few extra pounds of weight. Used white lead powder Elizabethan 16th century Queen Elizabeth Naturally pale complexion Red hair Healthy glow to cheeks 18th Century Women had trim Crimped or curled heads Powdered Decorated with garlands(vanikud) Wire cages Three feet in the air Feathers Ribbons Jewels Even ships, gardens Victorian Natural beauty Without makeup Used cosmetics less Hygiene and health 1840s heads were sleek, demure Heavy knot of curls Plaits in back 1920s "Bobbed" Waved or shingled hairstyles Louise Brooks Clara Bow Powder Circles to the cheeks Plucked eyebrows Penciled in thin arches Lips very red 1940s Feminine hairstyles
the Toompea church the cathedral of the Tallinn bishopric, which was formed in 1240, and subordinated to the archdiocese of Lund. The cathedral chapter was established at the cathedral consecrated to St. Mary the Virgin and a school was formed at the church in 1319 at the latest. The reconstruction of the initally one-nave and relatively modest church into a three- nave one started at the beginning of the 14 th century and lasted approximately a hundred years. This period includes another change of power, resulting in Tallinn's subordination to the order one more time. Although the main building of the church dates back to those times, the medieval cathedral was quite different from the present appearance. For example, the tower on the western side of the church was built only in the 18 th century, the annexes of the southern side date back to the 16 th -18th centuries and those on the
GREENWICH Greenwich is a district of south-east London, England, located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich and situated 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east south-east of Charing Cross. Greenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0° longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many in the House of Tudor. The town became a popular resort in the 17th century and many grand houses were built there. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century. Greenwich area is the most famous thing about London. Greenwich is the Old Royal Observatory from where time all over the world is measured. The Greenwich Time Ball is the bright red Time Ball on top of Flamsteed House. That is one
Seliin Lisett Tomson Form 9 Mustvee School English 2017/2018 When? On October 31st, we celebrate Halloween,thought to be the one night of the year when ghosts, witches, and fairies are especially active. Activities Halloween activities include trick-or- treating, attending Halloween costume parties, carving pumpkins into jack-o'- lanterns. Costumes From at least the 18th century, "imitating spirits" led to playing pranks in Ireland and the Scottish Highlands.Wearing costumes and playing pranks at Halloween spread to England in the 20th century. Symbols Colours orange and black Spiders Bats Black cats Skeletons Ghosts Jack O'Lanterns Witches Trick or treat! In North America, trick- or-treating has been a Halloween tradition since the late 1920s. In
one of his articles,in 1784,but enlightenment as a way of thinking was established even earlier.The Enlightenment was a period after the Renaissance where philosophers and scientists began to question previous ideas, which explains the motto of the enlightenment, "Dare to know", created by Kant.With this kind of terminology,enlighteners wanted to express human race exit from the mental blindness.Maiden enlightenment philosophers lived on the 17th century,its glory continued till the 19th century.The powerful Enlightenment ideas of the eighteenth century, concerning reason and natural law, spread widely throughout Europe and its colonies and gave hope to many people for future progress and reform. Sience development was the main reasons and it gave the push to enlightenment.It put hesitate in old belives and brought up intelligence.Mind and critical thinking importance pointed out french philosopher René Descarte.Therefore enlightenment was literatural and philosophical
"His sense of her inferiority -of its being a degradation- of the family obstacles which judgment had always opposed to inclination, were dwelt on with warmth which seemed due to the consequence he was wounding, but was very unlikely to recommend his suit." This may show that Mr. Darcy had zero comprehension of politeness, but it can also serve as a proof of the deep-rooted understandings of equal fortune and class between the ones who tie the knot in the 19th century. Obviously marriage was not the only point that was affected by the class divisions. A conversation carried out by the representative of a great titled family and the members of mediocre class illustrates the differences between them in even the smallest aspects of the everyday life. "When my niece Georgiana went to Ramsgate last summer, I made a point of her having two men servants go with her. You must send John with the young ladies, Mrs. Collins
fabric: shirts and married women's head-wear was mostly made from linen, while various outer garments, gloves, stockings and socks, were made from wool. The majority of the clothes remained undyed for a long time: linen garments were bleached white, while woollen outer garments were mainly sheep-brown or black. The wool for making skirts was dyed with herbal dyes. The bedstraw root was particularly widely used to produce red colouring. Indigo was the first dye to be widely bought during the 18th century. Today Estonian traditional costume is the most spectacularly exposed at "laulupidu", the national song festival, both on the stage and among the audience. Local differences were noticed by the first ethnographers describing Estonians. The main regions fall into South, North, and West Estonia, and the islands as a separate group, reflecting ancient tribal peculiarities. South Estonia This region is the most conservative in dress. Maidens in Southern Estonia bound
recorded in the description of the second siege of Tallinn in 1577 as Kyck in de Kaeken, later on several forms of the same name were used, such as Kik (Kyk) in de Kok, Kiek in die Küche, Pulffer-Thurm Giecken Köck. In 1696 the present name Kiek in de Kök was also mentioned, meaning "peek into the kitchen" in Low German. And true enough, it was possible to watch what the enemy was doing in their "kitchen" i.e. on position lower down from the about 38m-high tower. Already in the late 15th century the tower was somewhat reconstructed. The outer walls were made thicker and the tower got a diameter of 17.3 m. The walls are 4 m thick but the tower was then lower than today. The waterproof upper floor made of cobblestones was open and had 22 embrasures in its parapet. The parapet must have been covered by some kind of a roof but the middle part of the floor was uncovered to get the mortars and catapults in place better.
It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, 80 km south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn's Old Town is in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It is ranked as a global city and has been listed among the top 10 digital cities in the world.The city was a European Capital of Culture for 2011, along with urku, Finland.Tallinn is the oldest capital inNorthern Europe. The city was known as Reval from the 13th century until the 1920s. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallinn Old Tallinn The Old Town can historically be divided into two distinct areas: Toompea Hill and the Lower Old Town, which were separated by a dividing wall since medieval times. The elevated area of Toompea Hill with its castle was occupied by the residences of Tallinn's rulers and gentry. The Lower Old Town meanwhile developed as an autonomous merchantile centre, flourishing during the 13th-16th
History of English literature Periods: 1. Anglo-saxon or early literature (499 - 1066) 2. Second or Norman or late Medieval period (1066 - 13/14 century) 3. Renaissance or Modern period (13-14 century present) Anglo-Saxon period · All of the literature had its roots in folklore · Texts were orally transmitted, the anglosaxons had no written language · Two types of singers: 1) scop (attached to the royal court, wrote poetry and songs, performed them); 2) gleeman (travelled, mostly sang other peoples' songs, not their own songs; performers of scop songs) · The oldest known song Widsith (The Far Traveller/Wonderer); tells of a gleeman
It was a very peaceful time, she loved theatre and plays. People had good lives and were entertained. Mary (catholic), The queen of Scots, was executed by Elizabeth I. Elizabeth had no heir. The power of the English monarch increased in this period. Bubonic plaguse killed one third of the population in England during its first outbreak and continued to reappear periodically for another 300 years. 1605 The Gunpowder plot The 17th century James I became the first English king of the Stuart dynasty, he was already James VI of Scotland so the crowns of these two countries were united The goverments continued to seperate, but the linguistic differences were lessened The kind of Middle English spoken in lowland Scotland had developed into a written language known as Scots Scottish Protesntant church adopted English Bibles.
St Olaf's church. Previous names of the street also refer to it: Susterstrate 1361; Platea sororum 1364-1380; 1606 Süsterstrasse and Schwestergasse, all of which include the concept of a nun or a sister. After the Reformation, the monastery was eliminated and in 1631 a gymnasium was founded in its rooms, but the street name remained in the form of Süsterstrasse and Cisternstrasse. It was not until the 18th century that the name Lai also started to appear. In 1872, when the street names were being fixed, Lai remained the sole name of the street. 4 1 Lai Street / 4 Nunne Street A good example of Neo-Renaissance and early Art Nouveau styles combined is Lai Street 1, the present Youth and Puppet Theatre, erected at the beginning of the 20th century as the Nobility Club. The three-storey building replaces two medieval properties. In 1784 an amateur theatre began playing in a house situated in the
Designated a World Heritage Site in 1988. Canterbury Cathedral was founded in AD597 (that's over 1,400 years ago!) and is the Mother Church of the Anglican Communion. It has a perpendicular nave, 12th-century Gothic choir, stunning stained glass windows that fill the church with colour and a Romanesque crypt. Another important church is the Church of St Martin just outside the city's medieval wall, half of which survives today. Probably built as a Roman church in the 4th century, St Martin is the oldest church in England that's still in use as a parish church. Another not to miss is St Augustine's Abbey. The ruins of this once great abbey are an impressive sight. Jurassic Coast Designated a World Heritage Site in 2001. The Dorset and East Devon Coast, also known as The Jurassic Coast was the first ever site to be inscribed as a 'natural' World Heritage Site. It spans 95 miles of dramatic coastline all the
descendants of a mutual ancestor that is now extinct. It's not evolution but the theory of natural selection and the evidence he collected to prove to fellow scientists, peers, students, and most importantly the masses of public and the church that were at the heart of Darwin's contribution to biological science. Charles Darwin did not invent the concept of evolution. A number of prominent scientists and other thinkers during the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century (among them Charles Darwin's grandfather, Erasmus Darwin) had offered detailed theories of evolution (Clark, 1984, pg.24-25). Therefor the idea of evolution went very far back in Western history. At that time this concept was referred to as The Great Chain Of Life and was conceived in the middle ages, based on a mixture of classical and Biblical ideas. The ranking order ranged from the "lowest" forms of life to "higher" living beings (lion),
It is traditionally a day on which lovers express their love for each other by presenting flowers, offering confectionery, and sending greeting cards .. The holiday first became associated with romantic love in the circle of Geoffrey Chaucer in the High Middle Ages, when the tradition of courtly love flourished.hModern Valentine's Day symbols include the heart-shaped outline, doves, and the figure of the winged Cupid. Since the 19th century, handwritten valentines have largely given way to mass-produced greeting cards.The sending of Valentines was a fashion in nineteenth- century Great Britain, and, in 1847, Esther Howland developed a successful business in her Worcester, Massachusetts home with hand-made Valentine cards based on British models. The popularity of Valentine cards in 19th century America, where many Valentine cards are now general greeting cards rather than declarations of love, was a harbinger of the future
Clothing of 18th century in England 1750 The middle of the century marked what is perhaps the highest point of rococo style. The stiffness of the earlier years had been abandoned, and the extravagances of the seventies and the neo-classical negligence of the nineties were alike unthought of. The most typical characteristics of the century were at their most charming stage. The wig was neat and becoming. The three-cornered hat was of medium size - it had been ridiculously large in Marlborough's time, and became ridiculously small in 1790; coats and waistcoats were both dignified and graceful, the cut was good and the embroidery elegant. There was a tasteful moderation in the use of lace. Women's dress was marked by a peculiarly charming form of the side panier, and was made of bright stuffs not too rich and
trade (16%) and transport and communication (14%). History. Tallinn has a great history. It was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154, its name then being Kolyvan. In the 13 th- century chronicle of Henricus de Lettis the town was called Lyndanise. Then it was called Reval for some time and finally Estonians started to call the town Tallinn from Taanilinn (Danish town) after the Danish conquest in the 13th century. The Knights of the Sword took Tallinn from the Danes in 1227 and made Toompea their fortress. In the middle of the 14th century Denmark sold its possessions in Estonia to the German Teutonic Order; Toompea became the seat of German-born gentry. A fortified wall was built between the Toompea (the Upper Town) and the Lower Town (inhabited by people of a lower social standing), as there were conflicts between the two. The doors and the gates of the wall were locked at night, a
OXFORD STREET Facts Oxford Street is a major street in London, England in the City of Westminster. With over 300 shops, it is Europe's busiest shopping street. The street derives its name from being part of the old London--Oxford Road which began at Newgate, City of London. It's mile and a half long, from Marble Archat the north east corner of Hyde Park to theTottenham Court Road History Between the 12th century and 1782 it was variously known as Tyburn Road (it was named after the River Tyburn) Uxbridge Road, Worcester Road and Oxford Road. Note: Today the name Uxbridge Road still exists for the portion of the London--Oxford Road between In the late 18th century, many of the surrounding fields were purchased by the Earl of Oxford, and the area was developed. It became popular to entertainers and for entertainment buildings such as the Pantheon
A.D., it is more accepted by historians that the Romans were the first. The settlement was called Londinium. The first London lasted for just seventeen years, for around AD 61, a tribe of Celts led by Queen Boudica stormed London, burning it to the ground. The next heavily-planned London prospered and surpassed Colchester (another major city at the time) as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia. At its height in the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of about 60,000. However, by the 3 rd century, the city fell into a decline due to trouble in the Roman Empire and by the 5th century, it was largely abandoned. But, under the control of various English kings, London once again prospered as an international trading centre. However, Viking raids began in the late 10 th century and reached a head when they took the city under Danish king Canute and forced the then-English king to flee.
Traditional Estonian wind instruments are further grouped according to sound production principle: o flute type wind instruments willow bark and pine shoot o clarinet type wind instruments Reed pipe was developed into the most popular Estonian wind instrument, the bagpipe. This instrument spread in Estonia probably already in the 14th century. The first written records date from the 16th century Bagpipes played at festivities, but also at other gatherings. Based on written records, bagpipe music was used to cheer up tired workers in the fields. o trumpet type wind instruments Herdsman's horns and trumpets were sounded in taking the cattle grazing in the morning and returning home in the evening. The large herdsman's trumpet karjapasun (up to 2 metres in
in 1804. The wing, however, was not. The kitchen was reconstructed and a dining room was built above it on the first floor that had not existed before. Since then the building has been maintained all the time and today it is the only example of a 17th-century summer-cottage in Estonian architecture and a valuable relic. The building became a popular sight among the people of Tallinn in the last quarter of the 19th century when the watchman of the house used to entertain the visitors with "true-life stories". The Tallinn City Museum got the building in 1941. Peter I House was hardly changed until 2004 when it was thoroughly renovated. The museum with a renewed display is now open also in wintertime.
Lower Town was a merchantile centre, Tallinn also belonged to the Hansaetic League (1285). It is often referred to as the town of citizens. Any grown-up, married and economically independent person, born in a legal marriage between two free people and having lived in the town for at least 3 months, could apply to the Magistracy for citizenship. Serfs could escape from serdom after having successfully hidden in town for a year and a day. Two parts remained separated until the end of the 19th century. Four Names Lyndanise - mentioned by Henricus de Lettis in his Chronicle; derives from the name Linda - the wife of Kalev and mother of Kalevipoeg Koluvan - mentioned in Russian chronicles; derives from the hero Kalev from our national epic Reval - comes from the German words “REH” and “FALL”, meaning the falling of the deer; could be deers trying to escape from the Danes, running down the Toompea hill
Asked to be buried at the threshold of the church, so that people as they kneel to pray upon entering, might eventually save his soul from his sinful ways. The viewing platform ● Tallinn was granted Lybeck City rights in 1248. Town can be divided into two: Upper town (Toompea Hill) - Tallinn’s rulers, gentry and the clergy; and the Lower Town - other citizens. The two parts remained separated until the end of the 19th century. ● In 1285 joined the Hansaetic Leaque. ● Runaway serfs, managed to hide (baron Uexkyll in 1535, he had his escaped peasant captured and tortured to death, and because of that, he himself was executed) St. Olaf’s Church ● Built in 13th century; legend of the name; wanted to seem powerful, 124 metres tall. The Short and the Long Leg ● Two streets leading up to the Toompea Hill - The Short and the Long Leg, that is why some say that the town is limping
That was in 1966 when they won a victory over Germany. There are many others famous British sport competitions, which include the ashes series of cricket matches, The Wimbledon tennis championships, the Grand National etc. A great number of major sports originated in the United Kingdom, including: soccer, squash, golf, tennis, boxing, rugby, cricket, snooker, billiards, badminton and curling. Literature English literature emerged as a recognisable entity in the late 14th century. Geoffrey Chaucer is the first great identifiable individual in English literature: his Canterbury Tales remains a popular 14th-century work, which readers still enjoy today. The English novel became a popular form in the 18th century, with Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, which was written in 1719. The English novel developed in the 20th century into much greater variety. It remains today the dominant English literary form. There are many novelists whose novels are enjoyed all over the world: J
Largest lake is Windermere (14.7 sq km) Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level History The history of England began with the arrival of humans thousands of years ago In AD 43 the Roman conquest of Britain began; the Romans maintained control of their province of Britannia through to the 5th century. The Roman departure opened the door for the Anglo-Saxon invasion Raids by the Vikings were frequent after about AD 800, and the Norsemen took control of large parts of what is now England In 1066, the Normans invaded and conquered England. 1348 was the Blach Death, which killed half on England population During the Renaissance, England was ruled by the Tudors England had conquered Wales in the 12th century and was then united with
The Division of the Russian Language and Literature unites the Department of the Russian Language, the Department of Russian Literature, the Department of Russian Literature of XX century, and the Department of Russian Folklore. The core curriculum includes courses in the history of Russian literature (from Kievan Rus times to the present) and folklore, modern Russian , Old Slavonic, the history of the Russian language and Russian dialectology, etc. The Department of Russian Literature of XX century in Russian literature explore (from 1890s to the present), including works of Russian emigrants abroad and nonRussian writers in Russia proper. Curriculum at the Division of Russian as a Foreign Language is similar to the one of the Division of the Russian Language and Literature, with additional stress laid on foreign languages, the theory and methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language, and area studies.
Integrity The boundaries of the inscribed World Heritage property and its buffer zone were modified in 2008 in order to bring the boundaries of the inscribed property in conformity with the boundaries of the Tallinn Old Town Conservation Area, recognized as a national monument in Estonia. The historic centre of Tallinn World Heritage property (thus increased from 60 ha. to 113 ha.) now encompasses the upper town (Toompea), the lower town inside the medieval walls, as well as the 17th century historic fortifications surrounding the entire Old Town, and a range of primarily 19th century structures, streetscapes and views, which today form a green area around the medieval city. This modification has ensured inclusion of all primary elements contributing to the outstanding universal value of the property, and strongly enhanced its completeness and integrity. The buffer zone, increased from 370 ha to 2253 ha, also in 2008, now protects the
Classical music History The period from the 11th century to present times The term "classical music" did not appear until the early 19th century. The earliest reference is from about 1836 Haydn, Mozart and Beetohoven are the most known classical musicians. Periods in classical music Medieval (5001400) Renaissance (14001600) Baroque (16001750) Classical (17501830) Romantic (18151910) Modern (19102000) Form Concerto Symphony Sonata Opera Dance music Suite Étude Symphonic poem Classical music nowadays Postmodernism Polystylism Eclecticism http://www.youtube
History of Football Forerunners of football The creation of football as we understand it today is geographically confined to British shores, but there is extensive evidence of ancient games with the same basic principles as the modern day incarnation. The first of these was identified as part of Shang Dynasty China in the 5th century BC, the game's objective being to kick a leather ball through a hole in a piece of cloth which between two 30 foot poles. The Tsu'Chu military exercise in 3rd century China was also an interesting elaboration on this theme; the premise once again being to kick a leather ball through a 30-40 centimetre opening. As the Tsu'Chu exercise lacked the central team element of today's football, attention has also been given to the Greek and Roman games of episkyros and Harpastum respectively
town of London, surrounded by the wall first built by Romans. The Romans also built a bridge over the Thames and there has been one in the same area ever since. The Roman Londinium grew up on the northern side of the bridge. In AD 61 the native Celtic tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans. They burnt down Londinium to the ground and killed most of its inhabitants. Roman armies eventually defeated Boudicca and Londinium was rebuilt. At the end of the fourth century AD the Roman Empire began to crumble and the Roman armies were recalled from Britain to defend Rome itself. Once they had left, tribes such as Angles, Saxons and Jutes invaded and settled in from Holland, Germany and Denmark. Together they are known as Anglo-Saxons. They were farming people who preferred living outside towns. For a while London probably lay in ruins, but it eventually developed again, partly because its position on the river was good for trading
The history of the English Language Kristin Klaus, 10a Short history · Started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD · The tribes: the Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes · At that time the inhabitants spoke a Celtic language · The invadors pushed them west and north Germanic invaders entered Britain on the east and south coasts in the 5th century. Old English · 450-1100 AD · The Germanic tribes spoke similar languages which developed into Old English · Did not sound or look like English today · About half of the most commonly used English words have Old English roots · Be, strong, water Part of Beowulf, a poem written in Old English. Middle English · 1100-1500 · In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England · The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought
Keila-Joa castle was built in 19th century by count Alexander von Benckendorff, who was the chief of Russian Secret Police. In 19th century this part of Estonia was under Russian authority. And count Benckendorff was very close to Russian Royal family, because he saved life of Tsar Nikolai 1 in the fire. Count tried to built a castle like himself, rich and majestic. Above the door of castle hung a flag of Benckendorffs. 3 Red roses on blue and gold background with word ,,Persevirance", what means persistance. The castle has its own interesting things inside. For example, there is a vase
Britain in everyday life, the names are used to mean the United Kingdom. The English Channel (and best known: the Strait of Dover) separate Britain from mainland Europe and its closest neighboring country France. 3. History Great Britain has a long and interesting history stretching back millennia's. The Iberians brought their metal working skills and the first real civilization to Britain in the 3rd millennium B.C. And were then overrun by the various Celtic tribes that begun in the 8th century B.C. The Celts introduced the tribal organization and an early form of agriculture before they were forced westwards to Cornwall, where the Celtic language still exists in different forms, by the Roman invasion begun in 43. AD. The Romans ruled Britain for over two hundred years and left behind three things of importance: their roads, the sights of important cities notably London, and the seeds of Christianity.
Summary • Early history of translation studies – Cicero and St. Jerome (what did they do/how/why are they relevant to translation studies?) St. Jerome – Greek scholar, did some translation work. Lived during the 4th century. Jerome is best known as the translator of the Bible into Latin. A previous version (now called the Old Latin) existed, but Jerome's version far surpassed it in scholarship and in literary quality. Jerome was well versed in classical Latin (as well as Greek and Hebrew), but deliberately translated the Bible into the style of Latin that was actually spoken and written by the majority of persons in his own time. This kind of Latin is known as Vulgate Latin (meaning the Latin of the common
version of a medieval carnival. Traditions from the Middle Ages are kept alive here, including parades, a knights' tournament, a parrotshooting contest and the election of the May Count. Tallinn`s late Gothic Town Hall building is one of the most famed symbols of the city, recognized throughout Estonia as a venerable, unique architectural treasure. The Town Hall was established on the central square, probably at the beginning of 13th century. In 14021404, the building was substantially reconstructed. The exterior we know today dates from this period, and the basic room plan has also been preserved, as it was reconstructed for hosting receptions. The second floor was and still is the main floor, where the Citizen`s Hall, the Council Hall, a small kitchen and chancery are located and where festive receptions and concerts are held, just as they were in the Medieval days of yore
The Australians have lived through many wars, revolutions and governmental problems, leaders, but they've only yet to break down. The Aborigines arrived in Australia at about 40,000BC, from which Tasmania was cut off by rising water levels at around 8,000BC. Convicts started being transported to Australia in 1770 which was a disaster for the Aborigines. Captain cook arrived in Botany Bay and claimed Australia for Britain. The 18th century life was hard and even small crimes were severe in Britain. Sometimes prisoners would be sentenced to transportation. After the American War of Independence (17751783) transportation wasn't possible anymore and the government began looking for another place for the transportees which was selected to be Botany Bay. On 13.05.1787 11 ships set sail from Portsmouth. 759 convicts were on board, most of them guarded with Captain Arthur Philip in command
joined the European Economic Community. The Troubles in Northern Ireland led to much unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s, which subsided following a peace deal in 1998. The population of the island is slightly under 6 million (2006), with 4.2 million in the Republic of Ireland and an estimated almost 1.75 million in Northern Ireland. This is a significant increase from a modern historical low in the 1960s, but still much lower than the peak population of over 8 million in the early 19th century, prior to the Great Famine. The name Ireland derives from the name of the Celtic goddess Ériu (in modern Irish, Éire) with the addition of the Germanic word land. Most other western European names for Ireland, such as French Irlande, derive from the same source. A satellite picture of Ireland The history of Ireland began with the first known settlement in Ireland around 8000 BC, when hunter-gatherers arrived from Great Britain and
· Suuremõisa Castle. Suuremõisa Castle was built in the second half of the 18th century on the initiative of Countess EbbaMargaretha Stenbock (17041776). The wings are erected in 1772. There are 64 rooms in the Castle. 6 ponds were dug in the grounds of the Castle and a park and a garden established. In 1796 the Castle was sold to Baron UngernSternberg. The attic of the Castle has doubleceiling, where the Baron used to hide the treasures stolen from ships that had sunk in the Näkimadalad. On 19 October 1802 the Baron killed
"J.A.R" tõusis kohe Billboard Modern Rock Tracks-i edetabelis esimesele kohale. See laul tuli bändi uuelt albumilt, Insomniac, mis anti välja 1995. aasta lõpul. Insomniac oli palju süngema muusikaga, võrreldes meloodilisele albumile Dookie. Album pälvis 4 punkti 5-st Rolling Stones-ilt. 2006. aastal võitis Green Day Grammy lauluga "Boulevard of Broken Dreams", mis püsis 16 nädalat esikohal Billboard Modern Rock Tracks-i edetabelis. Uus album 21st Century Breakdown väljastati 15. mail 2009. Album sai positiivse vastuvõtu, saades keskmise hindamise 4 ja 5 punkti vahel. Pärast väljastamis sai album 1. koha neljateistkümnes erinevas riigis. 21st Century Breakdown on olnud edetabelites siiamaani kõige parem album Green Day- lt. Green Day on tuuridel 2009. ja 2010. aastal 21st Century Breakdown albumiga. Kasutatud kirjandus: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Day
Emma The Origins Emma is a given female name. It is derived from the Germanic word ermen meaning whole or universal, and was originally a short form of Germanic names that began with ermen. It was introduced to England by Emma of Normandy, who was the wife of king Ethelred II. It was also borne by an 11th-century Austrian saint, who is sometimes called Hemma. After the Norman conquest this name became common in England. It was revived in the 18th century, perhaps in part due to Matthew Prior's poem 'Henry and Emma'. It was also used by Jane Austen for the central character, the matchmaker Emma Woodhouse, in her novel 'Emma'. Popularity Name Emma has been among the top names given to baby girls in the United States, England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Ireland, France,Sweden, Belgium, Canada, Australia, Norway, New Zealand, Hungary, Finland, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain in the past 10 years. It
A week-long party Annual Live music, street performances, dancing, floats, costumes, food and beverages. Rio de Janeiro, Bahia and Pernambuco 4.9 million people in 2011 History 1830 Lent Electing the Carnival's "king" Rio de Janeiro's Carnival Most well-known Samba schools Favelas Famous groups Street band Bahia's Carnival African rhythms Trios Eletrico Indian Blocos Afro Afoxes Pernambuco's Carnival African rhythms Week before Frevo music Side by side Samba 19th century in Rio de Janeiro Warm and vibrant mood First Samba School Brazil's "official music." Frevo Portugese word ferver (to boil) 19th century Brazilian Army Religious and martial music Two famous bands https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTc3pv7d5v Y Sources ● http://en.wikipedia.org ● http://traveltips.usatoday.com ● https://www.youtube.com ● http://www.rio-carnival.net THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
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