Challenges of the 21st century We live in 21st century almost for 12 years. It seems like a very long time, but it has gone like a bird and by this time has changed very many things. Honourable audience, I would like to talk about challenges of the 21st century. If we talk about Estonia then in my opinion our first challenge of the 21st century is to stop exodus. But to solve this problem we should ask why is the exodus so high? Answer is simple: salary, unemployment, salary. Very many things depend on incomes, so we head away from our country to find a better place where salarys are higher. For me it seems like our parliament wants to help all other countrys, for example Greece, or reckon with somebody else before help ourselves. To my way of thinking parliament should take
The 17th century In England 17th century was a time of political and religious turmoil. It is known as a struggle between Parliament and the throne. 1625 came to rule Charles I, who was proved to be politically stubborn. In 1642 civil war broke out between the Cavaliers and the Roundheads. Oliver Cromwell was a puritan who brought the Roundheads to the victory and temporarily ended the monarchy in 1649. Charles I was beheaded. Oliver Cromwell ruled England for 9 violent years. The return of the oldest son of Charles I in 1660 is called the Restoration. In 1660 the Royal Society of London was established to promote scientific research. In 1688 the Glorious Revolution was without bloodshed or violence. The 1689 Bill of Rights limited monarch's powers. Parliamtary government was established. 1665 the Great Plague, 1666 the Great Fire.
Tallinna Lillekyla Gymnasium Report Tallinn in the 20th century Student: ------------ Supervisor: --------------- Tallinn 2008 Table of Content Table of Content..........................................................................................................................2 Introduction ........................................................................................
BRITISH HISTORY 17TH-19TH CENTURY SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ☄ When James I became the first English king of the Stuart dynasty, he was already king of Scotland, so the crowns of these two countries were united. ☄ The kind of Middle English spoken in lowland Scotland had developed into a written language known as Scots ☄ The Scottish Protestant church adopted English rather than Scots bibles ☄ Religion and politics are inextricably linked
It's quite possible, that soon the Estonian language dies out and replaces with English. The second reason, why Estonian is in big danger, is because the little importance of the language. Almost everyone can speak at least one foreign language and nowadays the travelling possibilities are also very good. So if the Estonian language has no importance, it's possible, that if several nations will mix and there will be no Estonian anymore. Estonian language is nearing extinction in the 21th century. People should think more about the importance of the language and protect it from foreign influences.
empiricism and scientific method Enlightenment (late 17th century) a cultural movement of intellectuals Writers: John Milton ("Paradise Lost", poems; "Areopagitica", defense of free speech; personal freedom and knowledge of self, contemporary urgent issues of both religious and political nature; high time during Civil War; "Eikonoklaste"); John Dryden (heroic couplet as new standard in poetry, satiric verses; influenced many 18th century writers; "Absalom & Achitophel") Augustan Age (early 18th century) admired and emulated the original Augustan Age Aftermath of the Glorious Revolution: Bill of Rights (constitutional monarchy), Act of Toleration (except Catholics); Treaty of Union (now Great Britain); growing empire, influenced situations in NA Age of Enlightenment: Descartes: "cogito ergo sum"; Thomas Hobbes "Leviathan" (liberal thought); Isaac Newton (new scientific views); John Locke (father of political liberalism)
British Literature in the 20th-21st Century REVISION QUESTIONS 1. The Contradictory, diverse, chaotic 20th century. New developments in science and philosophy. The essence and influence of Freudian theory. Contradictory, diverse, chaotic 20th c- simultaneous rejection and invocation of the past. While modernists apotheosized the creative geniuses of the past, they also rejected old poetic forms. Challenge old and established beliefs and more and more people had access to books and education more people went to universities. profound change in morals:
of Bath (a widow from Bath), the Innkeeper. At first, each pilgrim was to tell two stories on the way to Canterbury and two on the way back; the innkeeper would give a good meal and a night at the inn to the best storyteller. Altogether 144 stories, GC only managed to write 24 before his death. It is studied as a faithful reflection of 14th century life in England. GC was amused by his own characters and rarely criticises them sharply; shows a very deep understanding of human motivation. His comments reveal his profound understanding of the social problem of his day. o The Prologue paints the setting of the story. Introduces each character (30). GC himself functions as the narrator. He tries to be objective and tries to keep
Speech The Challenges of the 21st century In one math lesson I found out that I needed to use a calculator only because one of the simplest operation. I told about that to my friend and she had also recognized that her math skills have reverted. A century ago nobody knew technical instruments such as calculator or computer. People calculated by themselves, the letters were sent by post and people had more time to spend with family than nowadays, because now the majority of us are spending time on the Internet. So is the development of technique our fortune or accident? Of course the technique makes our lives easier. New agricultural machines are able to do more work than we. Planes and ships enable us to discover foreign countries thousands of
loomed forebodingly over the huddled wooden buildings of medieval London, a visible expression of Norman power. The White Tower consisted of three storeys and contains the austere Norman Chapel of St. John, which remains one of the best preserved examples of a Norman chapel in England. The present castle, now covering eighteen acres evolved around the Conqueror's keep, being added to by successive generations. The Tower of London in The 20th Century During the First World War eleven German spies were shot by firing squad in the Tower of London. Only one bomb was dropped on the Tower during that war and fortunately it fell on the moat. During the Second World War the Tower of London was closed to the public and the crown jewels were removed to a safer location. During the war the Tower suffered bomb damage and two 19th century buildings were destroyed. Part of the Old Hospital Block was also destroyed.
All people in our society have a role. All adults should have jobs. That means that they need to choose a profession. Some professions are more needed in our society than others. Nowadays in Estonia we need mostly newer professions, connected with computers and things like that, bust also some older professions... The most needed profession is builders. The cities grow and new buildings are being razed. When you walk in the streets then you can see everywhere that some buildings are being repaired, or some older ones are being demolished to make space for newer and bigger buildings. Some old houses are being restored like they used to be in the past. In the Centrum new and modish glass buildings are being constructed. That gives the builders and all the people connected with construction and building jobs. And we need more of those people in our society. The second most needed profession is connected with computers. More...
Most needed professions in Estonia in 21st century All people in society have a role. All adults should have jobs. Some professions are more needed in society than others. In Estonia we need mostly newer professions, connected with computers. I think doctor is a most needed profession. We have so many illnesses and nobody knows what it is. We need people, who help us to cope with them. In Estonia doctors earn not much money, that's why a lot of them go to foreign country to work and to earn their living. The second most needed profession is connected with computers. More growing computer using and replacing jobs with robots and computer programs leaves some people without jobs. But companies need somebody to look after the computers and computer repairmen who know how to fix the computer problems. There are viruses computers and hackers who try brake in computers and all companies computers need to protected from those threats. ...
Most needed profession in Estonia in 21st century Nowadays, it's very difficult to say, which job is most important. There is very much jobs, in Estonia. It is very individual, and every people emphasize different jobs. I think, importand and eventful is medico profession. People who are saving peoples lifes, they need respect. I can only suppose what kind of hard work it really is. Maybe healty people dont value this job, but people who have been sick or take part in some accident, they know how needed occupation it is. Secondly it would be policeman profession. There is very much criminals, in Estonia, and in all world. But policemans trying take care of people safety. I think, if there is no policemans, in world, then it would be disaster. Third would be teacher occupation. We need smart peoples, for saving lifes in world. It is important to teach childs and give them education. Then we are growing up people, who cou...
The most needed jobs in the 21st century Our world is growing bigger every day. Different kinds of people have different needs. There are some people who lead them on the right way to do something right. There's a need of a disaster and emergency management consultants, a leisure consultants and a global mobility specialists. What jobs they actually are? The main task of a disaster and emergency management consultant is writing exercises about chemicals, radiation, plane crashes, and terrorism. Companies order
UNO SOOMERE ESTONIAN SYMPHONIC MUSIC. THE FIRST CENTURY 1896-1996. AN OVERVIEW With a Historical and Cultural Summary IN MEMORY OF THE GREAT ESTONIAN COMPOSERS CONTENTS ESTONIA AND THE ESTONIANS FOREWORD IN THE FOLD OF TSARIST RUSSIA. EMERGENCE AND FIRST STEPS ON THE CLASSICAL-ROMANTIC PATH. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION I. MUSICAL LIFE IN TARTU AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY. TRAILBLAZERS: ALEKSANDER LÄTE, RUDOLF TOBIAS, ARTUR KAPP. II. THE FIRST DECADE OF THE 20TH CENTURY. ARTUR LEMBA: THE BEGINNING OF ESTONIAN SYMPHONY AND OPERA. III. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CULTURAL AND MUSICAL LIFE: THE END OF THE TSARIST PERIOD. THE INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA: THE INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIONS FROM WESTERN ART AND THE EVOLUTION OF NATIONALLY ORIENTED MUSICAL TRENDS. IV. THE TWENTIES. ARTUR KAPP: ROMANTICIST AND DRAMATIST. V
21st century century when the world around us changes faster than ever before. With that accompanies different changes in our everyday lives. Nowadays there is growing demand in highly qualified workers and not only in big empires but also in smaller countries like Estonia. In Estonia the most needed professions are connected with computers, different hi-tech machines and healthcare. Firstly, in my opinion the biggest deficit is in doctors. The main reason for that might be that the studies take a lot of time, sometimes about 10 years, which means that we can start working at the age of 28 to 30. Another reason could be that doctors are in my opinion very often underpaid and with that comes up another problem. In hope to get bigger salaries they often go abroad leaving our small independent country without highly qualified doctors. Secondly, nowadays our environment is more and more connected to technology. A lot of factories are ...
Pop culture has defined the noble savage as a mentor to the modern man, a guide to the spiritual world and to the ways of the nature. In order to qualify as a mentor the character must give us a different perspective on what we are used to experiencing. A savage is perfect for the roll alien traditions, differing appereances, different common knowledge and wisdom. He is something nobody has ever seen. He raises interest in the hero and in the consumer. 20th century literature and film has projected these traits to not only exotic beings but also to every mentor we see in pop culture. A guide in today's story does not have to be a native of a completely different civilization but has to preserve its strange and alien nature. He is a relevant part of the hero's adventure, keeping him on the right tracks and helping him reach his final goal. But he is not a savage in the common sense, he is just weird and new. The
"Isekuse sajand" Dokumentaal nimega "The Century of the Self - Part 1: "Happiness Machines" räägib Sigmund Freudist ja tema nõost Edward Bernays ´ist ning nende arvamusest, et inimesed on irratsionaalsed ning nende otsused võivad kujutada suuremale perspektiivile ohtu. Otsemini oli tegu Sigmund Freudi teooriaga, mille tema nõbu Bernays suurfirmade ning koguni riikide peal käiku lasi. Bernaysi eesmärgiks oli ehitada sotsiaalseid struktuure, mille kaudu oleks võimalik inimmasse mõjutada/kontrollida.
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What are the most needed professions in the 21st century? People are often asking me what are the most needed professions in the 21st century. I've understood that in Estonia we need mostly newer professions, the ones that are connected with computers. In my opinion one of the most needed professions is a doctor. I know we have a lot of doctors, but a lot of them go to a foreign country. Mostly because of the low salary in Estonia. In my opinion the second most needed profession is a really good goverment employee. Estonians want some changes in their lives. Our goverment employees only think about earning more money.
They also promoted the use of psychedelic drugs which they believed expanded their consciousness. Hippies participated in alternative arts and street theater and listened to folk music and psychedelic rock as part of their anti-establishment lifestyle.Some hippies lived in communes or aggregated communities of other hippies. It kinda identifies with the famous “yolo” (You only live once) thinking. I’m not exactly sure if this can be put under the role of hippie movement in 21st century, but if I start to think about this, it is almost the same. Hippies in 1960’s used different drugs etc to expand their counsciousness; today’s (not only) hipsters use also drugs and alcohol to relax and get away from reality. This generation is a return to the hippie era. Among a select group of mostly college- graduates from more affluent, educated families, there is decided a turn away from consumerism and toward a more do-it-yourself ethos, where leaving a small footprint is the goal
people. Thats exactly what I have learned so far in university – I feel I am smarter citizen now and belong to a society which I comprehend better than after high school. It all comes down to this: university are one huge step in young people life and it should not focus so much only on producing experts on various professions but rather helping students to find their way and encourage them to be independent and self aware. It is fact that university diploma is not the same in the 21th century that it was in for example in 18th century. Main difference is that nowadays it is available for more people. Therefore expectations for university graduates are changed. I think question posed in title should be changed a bit. College graduates should ask themselves what they expect not what 1 country or society expects them. This means that the pressure should be on university so that students could fulfill their goals and expectations
Most needed professions in Estonia in the 21st Century All people in our society have a role. All adults should have jobs. That means they need to choose a professions. In my opinion one the most needed professions is a doctor. When people get sick, they need doctors to check them, put diagnose and treat them. In my opinion there are few specialists in Estonia because lot of them go to foreign country, mostly because of the low salary in Estonia. Another job needed is teachers. If you want to study a specialty or aquire a
The Great Guild Liisbeth Kallakmaa The Great Guild Medieval Tallinn's social institutions were guilds and brotherhoods, whose main function was to provide members with social interactions and ensure their rights, but also played an important political and economic role. Tallinn had three important guilds - The Great Guild, St. Canute's Guild and St. Olaf's guild. The Great Guild was the youngest among them, founded in the 14th century, but soon became the biggest and most important. It was founded as an organization of the wealthiest merchants and shipowners. The name of the Great Guild was introduced in the late 15th century. There were close ties between the guild and the town rules: only members of the Great Guild had the right to belong to the town council and could be elected for mayor. Tallinn's small coat of arms is also the Great Guild's coat of arms. Guild was led by
where the need is greatest. But there is a downside to a world government. Through unification of people and countries, smaller nations would lose their identity. It means smaller nationalities would simply fade away, they would be dissolved. Because the influence of other cultures would be too great. A world government is necessary if we wish to thrive in the future. Although it comes with the cost of losing the identity of smaller nations. Problems of 21th century city The cities of the 21th century are the biggest mankind has created besides incorporating newest technological innovations, however, even despite all the advanced technological applications, modern metropolises have many of the same problems as cities 200 years ago. Only this time around these issues are even greater due to the size of cities, so what are the two biggest problems? One of them is most likely going to be overpopulation, which is inevitable due to the overall
Pirita Convent Anete Samelselg 10th grade About the convent It was founded by St. Birgitta in 1412 and consercrated in 1436. The area is 1360 square meters. It was the biggest church building in the Middle aged Estonia. Name Pirita is orginated from St. Birgitta. The idea and construction The history of the the Pirita Convent dates back to the 15 century. The idea to found a convent in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, was initiated by some Tallinn merchants already in 1400. Building plot was donated from Livonian Order. The building were built in two different parts. One for nuns and one for monks. Church in the middle and it was used by both. St. Birgitta rules In the convent have to live both - nuns and also monks. Nuns and monks were seperated and did not see each other at all.
Animal characters may act like people. Characters may have special powers. Characters may be imaginary beings. Setting may be in another time (future). It usually has a good vs. evil conflict. It may use scientific principles not yet available or discovered. II Classical literature 1. What is Beowulf? When and by whom was it written? Beowulf is the conventional title of an Old English heroic epic poem. 2. Who was King Arthur? In which century was he thought to have been acting? In which century did his legends become popular? King Arthur is a legendary Celtic Chief leader, fought against saxons in the early 6th century 3. What are the main symbols of King Arthur's legend? Round Table, Holy Grail, Excalibur, Code of chivalry 4. Which century do Robin Hood ballads stem from? 12th Century 5. What were the changes of the childhood concept in the 18th century? 6. What is a fairy tale?
What are the responsibilities of and challanges to the Freedom of speech in the 21st century? Our responsibility is to think what we say. Words can make World a better place or even destroy it. By words we can affect the World. Because of that, we have to be very careful by using them. Using words wrong , we can hurt very many people and ourselves too. When we use wrong words at the wrong time, we can hurt somebody very bad. We can insult people or make them suffer. And this can bay back very hard. For example the event what
The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is situated on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour. Sydney Opera House is the most famous Australian architectural icon. Sydney Opera House is widely regarded as one of the greatest architectural works of the 20th century. The Sydney Opera House became a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 28 June 2007. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon. Planning began in the late 1940s, when Eugene Goossens lobbied for a suitable venue for large theatrical productions. The normal venue for such productions was not considered large enough. By 1954, Goossens succeeded in gaining the support of Joseph Cahill, who called for designs for a dedicated opera house. Joseph Cahill launched a design competition on 13 September 1955 and
Test on Romantic Poetry and Prose 1. Approximate dates of romanticism: in the second half of the 18th century. Major events on world history at that time: · Industrial revolution · In America the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776 · The French Revolution, 1789 · The King of England was George III, after him George IV and then Queen Victoria Outcomes: · Revolution did not bring welfare · Lives of the lower-classes worsened · Extended the distance between the lower and upper class
Education in Estonia { The beginning The history of formal education dates back to 1314th century crusades The first schools were built near churches The first primer was published in 1575 It was possible to learn reading & writing in various guilds during the 16th century 1617th century Education in the Estonian language started after the reformation by Martin Luther During Swedish era, on Gustav Adolf II's orders, the first school and university were built in 1631 GAG in Tallinn and in 1632 the University of Tartu After The Great Northern War, as Estonia was occupied by Russia, many admiralty schools were built 18th century During the reign of Russian empress Katarina II, many great improvements were made in peasant school system and girls started going to school
of trade between East and West: furs, honey, leather and seal fat moved west, while salt, cloth, herring and wine moved east. Its geographical position was very favourable, with its wide bay protected by the two outlying islands of Aegna and Naissaar for a large port. Tallinn developed along three lines: fortress, port and market town. Tallinn grew rapidly and had developed into a well-known trading centre by the 15th century. Unfortunately, prosperity did not last long due to the weakening of the Hanseatic League, epidemics, hunger and wars. Sweden finally managed to take control of the whole of Estonia in 1629. Their rule ended after the Northern War in 1710 when Estonia was joined to the Russian Empire. Life changed for the better thanks to the opening of a railway line from St. Petersburg to Tallinn in 1870. Tallinn grew into a major port and an industrial centre, with huge shipyards
Medieval literature Religious literature- mostly written in church languages(Latin, Greek, Old Slavic) Secular literature- written in vernacular languages as well 6th -15th century Anonymity Religious writing Liturgical writing-hymns, psalms Theological writing-aquinas, abelard etc Religious poetry Mystery plays-reenactment of bible stories Secular writing Troubadour writing:"courtly love", romance Epic poem(song of roland) Travel writing History writing-chronicles Allegory The use of symbols and analogy to convey a certain meaning /message Literary output of medieval English Anglo-saxon or Old English literature(7th century-1066)
o 5th century- 1066 o From Southern Denmark(angles); Germany(saxons); Jutland(jutes) o By the 7th c kingdoms had emerged and later KING ALFRED united the kingdoms o They were pagans and very rural people, built in wood rather than stone o It was the saxon farmstead that laid the foundations of the English village II. The Vikings o 8th century- 11th century o From Denmark, Norway o They were ship builders and sailors o In 886 the Danelaw peace treaty was made 4) The Normans/ the final conquest o 1066-1154 o From present-day France o In the battle of Hastings on 14.10.1066 the normans defeated the English and their leader, Duke William of Normandy, was crowned the king onf England(william the conqueror)
TALLINN TOWN HALL Tallinn Town Hall is the only surviving Gothic town hall in Northern Europe. Built in the heart of Tallinn, next to a marketplace, the Town Hall has witnessed trade and social activities for over 700 years. It has still remained the most important representational building in town. The building history of the Town Hall goes back to the 13th century, but it acquired its medieval appearance in 140204. It was as early as 1248 when King Eric IV Ploughpenny of Denmark granted the Lübeck Charter to Tallinn. Relying on that document a town council was elected from amongst merchants of the Hanse and started convening in the Town Hall. It is possible to state on the basis of research findings that a meeting place of the magistracy and a goods depot in the form of a small, fortified
Character: peaceful, loves children, lovely familydog Body: small ears, screw-tail, wide shoulders, short muzzle English greyhound Height: 71-76 cm 68-71 cm Weight: 29-31 kg 27-29 kg Fur: tidht sitting coat and smooth Colour: black, white, red, blue or yellow-brown Character: friendly, true, gentle, loves children Body: long tail, small ears, deep chest, long muzzle English cocker spaniel Bred: 14 century Height: 39-43 cm 38-41 cm Weight: 12.5-14.5 kg Fur: tidht sitting coat, long, silky Colour: all colours Character: lovely, popular familydog and first-class bird dog Body: strong body, long ears, short tail, round eyes, English mastiff Bred: about 2065 year ago Height: 75 cm 68 cm Weight: 78-85 kg Fur: short, straight, dense and tidht sitting coat Colour: apricot, yellow, brown Face: must be black chocolatemask
Art Museum of Estonia Art Museum of Estonia was founded on November 17th, 1919, but it was not until 1921 that it got its first permanent building the Kadriorg Palace, built in the 18th century. In 1929 the palace was expropriated from the Art Museum in order to rebuild it as the residence of the President of Estonia. The Art Museum of Estonia was housed in several different temporary spaces, until it moved back to the palace in 1946. In September, 1991 the Kadriorg Palace was closed, because it had totally deteriorated by then. At the end of the year the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia decided to guarantee the construction of a new building for the Art
Ballet Merili Kaarna 11.d Italian renaissance court entertainment originated in the 15th century the epicentre moved to France obligatory component of opera Mlle La Fontaine 1681 St. Petersburg ballet reanimated in western Europe Styles Romantic ballet mid 19th century emphasized intense emotion most widely known and performed ● Classical ballet ○ based on technique and vocabulary ○ different styles ○ height in 19th century Neoclassical ballet use of the abstract diverse music choise possibilities for achitectureand design in choreography Contemporary ballet ballet technique apparent roots exploration experimentation
Al-Jazari, five machines to pump water, Turkish Artuqid dynasty 50 ingenious mechanical devices, developed segmental gears, mechanical controls, escapement mechanisms, clocks, robotics etc. Protocols for designing and manufacturing methods RENAISSANCE ERA First electrical engineer: William Gilbert First steam engine, 1698, Thomas Savery, rise to the industrial revolution, mass production Rise of engineering as a profession, 18th century Mechanicals arts, incorporated into engineering MODERN ERA Electral engineering, origins in the experiments of Alessandro Volta, 19th century Invention of the electric motor, 1872 Work of James Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz, 19th century, field of Electornics Chemical engineering, developed in 19th century 1990, rise of computer technology, first search engine, computer engineer Alan Emtage PHASES Pre-scientific revolution
17th century) creating with the Ivangorod Stronghold on the opposite shore of the River Narva a unique architectural ensemble in Northern Europe. Three wings of the stronghold and the Tower of Tall Hermann are open to visitors. The historical interiors in the West and North wings have been restored. In the five halls of the stronghold the history of the town of Narva of the period from the 18th century until the beginning of the 20th century is on display: products of local craftsmen, flags of the guilds, arms, commodities, architectural details. · Palmse manor, situated in the heart of the Lahemaa National Park, is one of the most unique restored manor ensembles in the Baltic States. The mighty manor building, dating from the 18th century, which belonged to the von Pahlens family, has been restored. The manor ensemble is surrounded by a park, where
Thames. Market forces began to operate. With troops stationed and ships calling, merchants will inevitably set up shops. 3) The Celtic warrior queen Boudicca and her tribesmen fought against the Roman conquest and devastated Londinium. The city was burned down and its inhabitants massacred. 4) London was rapidly rebuilt and in AD 122 the Roman walls were built around it as a defence. 5) The Romans left Britain early in the 5th century because they had to cope with troubles elsewhere in the Empire. 6) Around AD 400 the Germanic tribes invaded Britain. 7) London fell into ruins because the Anglo-Saxons destroyed the Roman towns and formed many kingdoms that were hostile to one another. 8) All the small Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were united by king Egbert at the beginning of the 9th century. He formed one kingdom called England. 9) The powerful Saxon king Alfred the Great made London the capital of
The Three Sisters, Fat Margareta & The Great Coast Gate - The Lower Town Dagne Markiine Kotkas 10.klass The Three Sisters Three Sisters is a group of 15th century houses at 71 Pikk Street with many decorative elements. The first record of The Three Sisters merchant houses comes from the year 1362. This is a typical of the Tallinn school of Gothic architecture. Recently a hotel was opened in this medieval complex. The Three Sister's Hotel Big sister's suite Middle sister's suite Junior suite The hotel has 5 stars and is very expensive. The Fat Margaret
then being Kolyvan (probably derived from the name Kalev). In the 13th-century Chronicle of Henricus de Lettis the town was called Lyndanise. Later came Reval (presumably after the old county of Rävala), the name used by the Germans who ruled the country for seven centuries. Russians then modified Reval to Revel. For Estonians, the town came to be called Tallinn from Taanilinn (Danish town) after Danish conquest in the 13th century. Over the course of time, Taanilinn was shortened to Tallinn The place is believed to have been settled by Finno-Ugric peoples about 2500 BC. The Danes, led by King Valdemar II, conquered northern Estonia in 1219. Legend has it that one day, when the Danes were about to lose a bloody battle, the sky suddenly opened and a red flag with a white cross on it dropped down upon them from the heavens. This is allegedly how the Danes obtained
FORMATION OF MEDIEVAL kARELIA · WHAT WAS BEFORE MIDDLE AGES · WHAT CHANGES OCCURRED WITH IT HOW KARELIA LOOKED LIKE WHEN NEW · ERA DAWNED IN 16th CENTURY GEOGRAPHY OF KARELIA AND ITS RELEVANCE Click to edit Master text styles Major changes in prehistoric times in Second level Karelia Third level Transgression of Ladoga Birth of Vuoksi 3700 BCE Fourth level Birth of Neva 1300 BCE Fifth level Land rise during entire period from Ice Age till
in 1346. The Swedes came next in 1561. Tallinn weathered plague and the Great Northern War and became part of Russia in 1710. In 1918, Estonia declared independence from Russia and fought a bitter war against Bolshevik Russia. Independence didn’t last long, however, and the fledgling nation fell first to the Nazis and then the Soviets during World War II. Despite all this conquering, Tallinn’s historic core has survived remarkably intact. Much of the 14th century city wall still stands, including a couple of stretches where you can climb the narrow spiral staircases of the towers and end up on the medieval catwalk. The Viru Gates, flanked by thin pointed towers from the 14th century, makes a nice entrance into Old Town. Dominating the town atop Toompea Hill is Toompea Castle and Pikk Hermann Tower. It was used as the center of government since 1229 and is now the site of Estonia’s parliament. Nearby stands the inappropriately named Maiden’s Tower
It was established in 1694 (27 July). 6: When did Lloyd's of London begin to operate? The Society of Lloyd's was incorporated by Lloyd's Act 1871. 7: Why did William III build Kensington Palace? Because the King wanted a residence near London but away from the smoky air of the capital, because he was asthmatic. 8: Which king bought Buckingham Palace from the Duke of Buckingham? George III (George William Frederick) 9: What was important about coffee houses in the 18th century? A phenomenon of 18th century London was the coffee house, which became a popular place to debate ideas. Growing literacy and the development of the printing press meant that news became widely available. 10: Which street became the center of the embryonic press during the 18th century? Fleet street 11: What were the Bow Street Runners and when were they established? Liis Toomsalu
The History of Estonia 8000 BC traces of first settlement at Pulli 3000 BC Finno-Ugric tribes arrive 1st cent AD Estonians mentioned in written records by Tacitus 1030 first written mention of Tartu 1154 first written mention of Tallinn, map of Estonia 1219 Danish invasion by the Teutonic Order 13th century German invasion by the Livonian Order 1343 St George's Night uprising 15th century serfdom begins to develop 16th century Reformation 1558.1583 The Livonian War between Sweden, Poland, Denmark, Russia 1629.1710 Swedish era 1700.1721 The Northern War, Russian invasion 1860.1885 era of national awakening 1918.1920 the War of Independence 1918.1940 the Republic of Estonia 1940.1941 first Soviet occupation 1941.1944 German occupation, World War II 1945.1991 second Soviet occupation 1991 the Declaration of Independence
Milking machine Merlin-Hans Hiiekivi Regards about inventing a milking machine • Development of a usable milking machine took several decades of trial and error. • Some editors of 19th century dairy and ag publications acknowledged a need for a good milking machine, but, were dissatisfied with all that were being offered. Others discouraged all attempts at machine milking, stating that it was unnatural or intrinsically injurious to the cow. . Early Cow Milking Machines • The earliest devices for mechanical milking were tubes inserted in the teats to force open the sphincter muscle, thus allowing the milk to flow.
Used in the literature...................................................................................lk9 Introduction I chose this topic because it is interesting to know about London.London is one of the impotrtant cities in Europe .I also think that everyone would like to travel in London. 3 London history During the 19th century, London was transformed into the world's largest city and capital of the British Empire. Its population expanded from 1 million in 1800 to 6.7 million a century later. During this period, London became a global political, financial, and trading capital. In this position, it was largely unrivaled until the latter part of the century, when Paris and New York began to threaten its dominance. The first railway to be built in London was a line from London Bridge to Greenwich, which opened in 1836
Edinburgh Castle is an ancient stronghold which dominates the sky-line of the city of Edinburgh from its position atop Castle Rock. It is Scotland's second most visited tourist attraction. Human habitation of the site is dated back as far as the 9th century BC. As it stands today though, few of the castle's structures pre-date the Lang Siege of the 16th century, with the notable exception of St Margaret's Chapel, the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh, which dates from the early 12th century.As with all castles, Edinburgh's fortress has been a centre of military activity. As an ancient fortress Edinburgh Castle is one of the few that still has a military garrison, albeit for largely ceremonial and administrative purposes. The New Barrack Block is now home to the official headquarters of the Royal Regiment of Scotland and 52 Infantry Brigade, as well as home to the regimental museum of the Royal Scots and Royal Scots Dragoon Guards. The Governor of Edinburgh Castle is Major General
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