Ergo Pikas Integration of Lean Construction and Building Information Modelling DISSERTATION Tallinn 2010 2 UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES Author: Ergo Pikas- Civil Engineering student, Faculty of Construction, Tallinn University of Applied Sciences Supervisor: Rafael Sacks- Associate Professor, Faculty of Civil and Env. Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Consultant: Roode Liias- Professor and Dean, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology Title: Integration of Lean Construction and Building Information Modelling
EHITUSTEADUSKOND Ehitustootluse instituut KUIDAS MUUDAB MUDELPROJEKTEERIMINE TERASKONSTRUKTSIOONIDE PROJEKTEERIMIST, VALMISTAMIST JA EHITAMIST? HOW ARE 3D AND BIM CHANGING THE DESIGN, FABRICATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF COMPLEX STEEL STRUCTURES? EPJ 60 LT Üliõpilane: Tanel Friedenthal Juhendaja: Prof. Roode Liias Kaasjuhendaja: Prof. Carrie S. Dossick Tallinn, 2010.a. Olen koostanud lõputöö iseseisvalt. Kõik töö koostamisel kasutatud teiste autorite tööd, olulised seisukohad, kirjandusallikatest ja mujalt pärinevad andmed on viidatud.
It must illustrate or interpret the heritage of the world in terms of engineering, technology, transportation, communication, industry, history, or culture. World Heritage industrial sites and monuments must meet one or more of the following criteria and pass the test of authenticity: Represent a masterpiece of human creative genius; Have exerted great influence, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in engineering theory, technology, construction, transportation, and communication; Be an outstanding example of a type which illustrates a significant stage in bridge engineering or technological developments. A World Heritage bridge, like other properties, must meet the test of authenticity in design, materials, workmanship, or setting (the Committee has stressed that reconstruction is only acceptable if carried out on the basis of complete and detailed documentation of the original artefact and to no extent on conjecture)
1.The Conceptual Architecture identifies the high-level components of the system, and the relationships among them. Its purpose is to direct attention at an appropriate decomposition other system without delving into details. Moreover, it provides a useful vehicle for communicating the architecture to non-technical audiences, such as management, marketing, and users. Logical Architecture In Logical Architecture, the externally visible properties of the components are made precise and unambiguous through well-defined interfaces and component specifications, and key architectural mechanisms are detailed. The Logical Architecture provides a detailed "blueprint" from which component developers and component users can work in relative independence. Logical Architecture. Model System Behavior Execution Architecture An Execution Architecture is created for distributed or concurrent systems.
•Software should not be designed as monolithic unit but partitioned into composableservices that can be spontaneously connected and orchestrated by business/technical processes (component-based software). •„Software entropy“should be maximized: loosely coupling between peers,decentralized information access, reflective approaches (Just-in-Time Integration). •Software must be e-enabled. Application Partioning •Solutions consist of collections of components. •Components are divided into multiple packages. •Packages can work with each other across a network through ObjectRequestBroker(ORB). •This application partitioning is transparent to the component developer. 3. COM Principles: Rigorous Encapsulation: - no leakage of implementation details; – All object manipulation through strict interfaces. Polymorphism: – via multiple interfaces per class; – “Discoverable”: Query Interface COM Model – how the techogy is used.
internal connector header and a bracket or other opening at the front of rear of the system; may include cables for both IDE/ATAPI and SCSI devices). Processor - the "central processing unit" (CPU); the principle integrated circuit used for doing the "computing" in "personal computing" System RAM - the random access memory (RAM) used by the CPU for computational purposes Chassis - the structure used to house the various "internal" components of the computer (i.e., the motherboard, adapter cards, various storage devices, power supply, etc.) Normally called case. Power Supply - the device used to convert, regulate, and transmit external power for use by the components housed inside the computer chassis. Socket 7 - The form factor for fifth-generation CPU chips from Intel, Cyrix, and AMD. All Pentium chips, except Intel's Pentium Pro (Socket 8) and Pentium II (Slot 1), conform to the Socket 7 specifications
As a consequence, the technology sat dormant until the early 1990s and was revitalized with the confluence of two technological developments: microcomputers and the Internet. Microcomputers permitted the generation of electronic text from a regular keyboard and the internet provided a universal platform to submit text for review (Shermis, Mzumara, Olson, & Harrington, 2001). Automated Essay Scoring 3 Automated essay scoring is a measurement technology in which computers evaluate written work (Shermis & Burstein, 2003). Most of the initial applications have been in English, but past work has been applied to Japanese (Kawate-Mierzejewska, 2003, March), Hebrew (Vantage Learning, 2001), and Bahasa Malay (Vantage Learning, 2002). Computers do not "understand" the written text being evaluated Unlike humans, a computer cannot interpret the play on words, and infer that the predicate in the answer (i.e., "ajar") is being cleverly used as a noun (i.e., "a jar").
without the prior written permission of the publisher. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Butterworth–Heinemann prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ball, Stuart R., 1956– Analog interfacing to embedded microprocessors : real world design / Stuart Ball. p. cm. ISBN 0-7506-7339-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Embedded computer systems—Design and construction. 2. Microprocessors. I. Title. TK7895.E42 .B33 2001 004.16—dc21 00-051961 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book. For information, please contact: Manager of Special Sales Butterworth-Heinemann 225 Wildwood Avenue Woburn, MA 01801-2041 Tel: 781-904-2500 Fax: 781-904-2620
Logistics is essentially a framework Supply chain builds upon this that creates a single plan for the framework and seeks to achieve flow of products and information linkage and coordination between through a business process of other entities in the pipeline i.e. suppliers and costumers, and the organization it self. COMPONENTS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT The following are the five basic components of Supply Chain Management: 1. Plan:- This is the strategic portion of SCM. You need a strategy for managing all the resources that go toward meeting customer demand for your product or service. A big piece of planning is developing a set of metrics to monitor the supply chain so that it is efficient, costs less and delivers high quality and value to customers. 2. Source:-
.36 Alternator drivebelt check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Hinge and lock check and lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Automatic transmission fluid level check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Idle speed and mixture adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Automatic transmission selector mechanism check . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Ignition system components check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Battery check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Ignition timing check - models with contact breaker distributor . . .14 Brake components check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Intensive maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Brake fluid renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
g. reliability, response time and storage requirements. Constraints are I/O device capability, system representations, etc. - Process requirements may also be specified mandating a particular IDE, programming language or development method. - Non-functional requirements may be more critical than functional requirements. If these are not met, the system may be useless. - Non-functional requirements may affect the overall architecture of a system rather than the individual components. - A single non-functional requirement, such as a security requirement, may generate a number of related functional requirements that define system services that are required. Mitte-funktsionaalsete nõuete mõõtühikud Kiirus, suurus, aeg, kasutamise kergus, usaldatavus, robustsus. Quality goal A quality goal expresses some quality aspect of how the functional goal should be achieved Software requirement document - The software requirements document is the official statement of what is
Tallinn University Natural and exact sciences Molecular Biochemistry and Ecology Maria Gnidenko Capillary electrophoresis Essay Supervisor: Kert Martma Tallinn 2015 Table of contents Acronyms and symbols used Introduction History and development Physical basis and principle of separation Elektrophoresis Electroosmotic flow Separation process Electrodispersion Various methods of separation Capillary zone�
STRUCTURAL TESTING OF HOMEBUILTS Editor's Note: Alex Strojnik's Aviation articles on laminar flow in in all cases of new designs. He writings and aircraft designs have lightplane design, Alex designed also believes load testing may be in appeared in Sport Aviation many and built a very low drag powered order in a number of instances times in the past decade. A native sailplane, the S-2 (Sport Aviation, involving composite airframes. of Yugoslavia, Alex has very April 1982), which would become While there has been no history of impressive academic credentials. the first homebuilt motorglider in structural failure in composite
Recent numerical benchmarks on Linuxes found that compiled C++ and Fortran were at least twice as fast as Java byte code. But the performance was very dependent on the chosen JVM; IBM's implementation exceeded the performance of C++ code compiled with gcc [Ladd 2003]. A detailed comparison of difference versions of Java and other companies' virtual machines and native code compilers can be found in [Doederlein 2002]. An area of Java that is still slow is its GUI API, Swing. GUI components are created and controlled from Java, with little OS support: this increases their portability and makes them more controllable from within a Java program. The downside is speed since Java imposes an extra layer of processing above the OS. This is one reason why some games applications still utilise the original Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT) -- it is mostly just simple wrapper methods around OS calls. However, most games do
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1-1 CPM1A Features and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1-2 System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 SECTION 2 Unit Specifications and Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2-1 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2-2 Unit Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 SECTION 3 Installation and Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
path to fiscal sustainability, reform the gas sector, and shore up the country's banking system. Economic growth resumed in 2010 and 2011, buoyed by exports. After initial disbursements, the IMF program stalled in early 2011 due to the lack of progress in implementing key gas sector reforms, namely gas tariff increases (obviously politically very unpopular measure). Agriculture fell to 9.3% of the total GDP in 2011 compared with 14% in 1999. Industry, including mining, manufacturing and construction, continued to account for 34.7% in this period. Meanwhile, trade and other services grew from 51 to 56.1 percent. 15 1.1.4. Foreign Direct Investments Despite having huge potential, Ukrainian economy is critically lacking in foreign investments. Percentage of FDI to GDP was declining very year since 2007 and, according to BNP Paribas in Ukraine forecast, projected to continue declining during 2013-2104.
Some flag states have developed their own training courses in ECDIS in order to be able to recognise the training certificates. Type specific ECDIS training is provided by equipment manufacturers. 18 Facts about chart carriage reguirements What are the ECDIS operational considerations? Navigating with ECDIS is fundamentally different from navigating with paper charts. The ECDIS changes the way work is done on the bridge of a vessel. This requires careful analysis of the facilities and specifications of the installed equipment, hereunder the navigational sensors and the data they acquire and of the rules and regulations applicable to the system and its use in navigation in particular. It requires that the need for new bridge procedures is analysed in view of the change of work processes introduced by the equipment and it requires an appreciation of the human element.
High-tech startup enterprises receive a large portion of venture capital. However, if, as has happened in the past, investment exceeds actual potential, then investors can lose all or most of their investment. High tech is often viewed as high risk, but offering the opportunity for high profits. Like Big Science, high technology is an international phenomenon, spanning continents, epitomized by the worldwide communication of the Internet. Thus a multinational corporation might work on a project 24 hours a day, with teams waking and working with the advance of the sun across the globe; such projects might be in software development or in the development of an integrated circuit. The help desks of a multinational corporation might thus employ, successively, teams in Kenya, Brazil, the Philippines, or India, with the only requirement fluency in the mother tongue, be it Spanish, Portuguese or English. OECD has two different approaches: sector and product (industry) approaches
0 0.2% 407.4 383.9 379.8 Kingdom 10 Portugal 1.7 3.6% 47.9 2.9 5.9% 49.2 4.0 8.0% 50.1 5.7 11.3% 50.6 Growth and cost trends Wind and hydroelectric power generation have negligible fuel costs and relatively low maintenance costs; in economic terms, wind power has a low marginal cost and a high proportion of capital cost. The estimated average cost per unit incorporates the cost of construction of the turbine and transmission facilities, borrowed funds, return to investors (including cost of risk), estimated annual production, and other components, averaged over the projected useful life of the equipment, which may be in excess of twenty years. Energy cost estimates are highly dependent on these assumptions so published cost figures can differ substantially. A British Wind Energy Association report gives an average generation cost of onshore wind power of around 3
exhaust side väljalaske pool furthermore pealegi longitudinal piki- cooling oil jahutusõli CYLINDER LINER Liners are cast in pearlitic grey cast iron. Chromium plating of the internal surface can be carried out to reduce wear and corrosion. Chrome plated liners have extended life but the initial cost is greater. The upper end of the liner forms a flange to support it. The liner thickness must give strength to resist the internal gas load. Thickness may be reduced towards the lower end where pressures and temperatures are less. In the two-stroke engine (MAN B&W) the upper part of the cylinder liner is surrounded by a cooling jacket between the cylinder cover and the cylinder block. The cooling water is led through water transitions from the cylinder block to the lower part of the cooling jacket. The water continues from the upper part of the cooling jacket through water connections to the cylinder cover. The cooling jacket
concrete into a a higher basin. The tapering is used to enlarge the velocity of the water flow following the continuity equation. The kinetic energy of the wave is transferred into potential energy of stored water in the upper basin. This principle follows the hydrodynamic law of Bernoulli's equation. A Tapchan wave power plant uses a continuous flow of the seawater stored in the upper basin through a low pressure turbine driving a generator of conventional construction to generate electricity. Low head Kaplan turbines are used mostly to convert potential energy into electrical energy. The water storage (reservoir, basin) helps smoothing the electric output. With its integral storage system, a Tapchan is different to most of the other regenerative energy conversion technologies. The following equation governs the energy of water waves: Energy 1 J
allow it to focus on more promising projects and clients, but the immediate influx of monetary resources would be a material advantage to initiation of OO1 conversion. OO3: Tuning appearances Lee IS image would benefit a lot from modernization. Superficiality of human nature is such that oftentimes the visual aspects of company's representation can be crucial in cultivation of inclination to trust. Outdated visual components can be easily associated with usage of technologies that are not state of the art, whereas neat and modern representation of the company is likely to produce the contrary effect. The components that require redesign include but are not limited to the company's website, business cards, company's products/solutions and their business websites. OO4: Turning relations in other countries into local representatives
Rockhoppers Kaablid ROFIA manufactures rockhopper gear, adapted to the respective trawl type, thus providing a complete range of equipment for bottom trawl fishing. High- quality rubber discs from old tyres, reinforced long and short-link chains and connecting components from well-known manufacturers are used. To ensure the perfect functioning of the rockhopper gear, the individual segments are all machine-pressed under a pressure of 3-6t. The rockhopper sections are fixed to the ground rope of the trawl and make it possible to "jump" over stones on the bottom. Rockhoppers are a considerable protection against stony fishing grounds for the whole trawl. Tüüpiline grunttropp
BOOKS (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) A book is a set or collection of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment, or other various material, usually fastened together to hinge at one side. A single sheet within a book is called a leaf, and each side of a leaf is called a page. A book produced in electronic format is known as an electronic book (e-book). Books may also refer to works of literature, or a main division of such a work. In library and information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial periodicals such as magazines, journals or newspaper. The body of all written works including books is literature. In novels and sometimes other types of books (e.g. biographies), a book may be divided into several large sections, also called books (Book 1, Book 2, Book 3, etc.). A lover of books is usually referred to as a bibliophile, or, more informally, a bookworm.
How many people need to be surveyed in order to be able to describe fairly accurately the entire group? How should the people be selected? What questions should be asked and how should they be posed to respondents? In addition, what data collection methods should one consider using, and are some of those methods of collecting data better than others? And, once one has collected the information, how should it be analyzed and reported? Deciding to do a survey means committing oneself to work through a myriad of issues each of which is critical to the ultimate success of the survey. Yet, each day, throughout the world, thousands of surveys are being undertaken. Some surveys involve years of planning, require arduous efforts to select and interview respondents in their home and take many months to complete and many more months to report results. Other surveys are conducted with seemingly lightning speed as web survey requests are transmitted simultaneously to
I. Toldrá, Fidel. TS1960.H36 2010 664′.9—dc22 2009037503 A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress. Set in 10 on 12 pt Times by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited Printed in Singapore Disclaimer The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situ- ation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a com-
inserted. In 1839 was published the popular daguerreotype by Louis Daguerre’s which used silver-plated copper plates sensitized with iodine vapors The invention of the wet collodion wet plate process invented by Frederick Scott Archer in 1850 greatly reduced the exposure time but But it always required the photographer to craft the plates either in dark rooms of photographic studios or in portable laboratories. 6 How did it work? (HIGUERA) The scene was captured with a camera obscura focused onto a 16.2 cm × 20.2 cm (6.4 in × 8.0 in) pewter plate thinly coated with Bitumen of Judea, a naturally occurring asphalt, with a camera obscura by Niépce. The bitumen hardened in the brightly lit areas, but in the dimly lit areas it remained soluble and could be washed away with a mixture of oil of lavender and white petroleum. A very long exposure in the camera was required. Sunlight strikes the buildings on opposite
........................................................................................ 30 8.4 Solar energy and the environment..............................................................................30 WIND ENERGY.................................................................................................................31 9.1 The History of Wind ..................................................................................................31 9.2 How wind machines work..........................................................................................32 9.3 Types of wind machines............................................................................................. 32 9.4 Wind power plants......................................................................................................33 9.5 Wind production......................................................................................................... 34 9
> Bit synchronization Independent transmit & receive clocks. receiver explicitly resynchronizes on 1st primary and secondary station. What's new in the frame, compared to HDLC: bit of each byte remaining bits recovered by estimating bit boundaries explicit byte synchronization > Operation of combined station · Contains protocol components of primary · Two octet address (first is destination, second is source): · Network Control Protocols(NCPs) become critical for correct bit synchronization. Receiver clock: and secondary in one physical station. · Transmits both commands and responses. these are LLC addresses and NOT addresses that appear on Functionalities, message types Authentication phase: Link establishment
........................................................ 25 4.1. Entry and stay of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation ................................................ 25 4.2. Types of visas for foreign citizens in the Russian Federation................................................ 25 4.3. Migration Registration of Foreign Citizens in the Russian Federation .................................. 28 4.3.1. The procedure for bringing the work of highly skilled professionals (VKS) ...................... 30 4.3.2. Your work permits for foreign citizens arriving in Russia in the visa-free regime ............ 33 4.4. Responsibility for violation of immigration laws................................................................... 34 5. BANKRUPTCY/ CLOSING DOWN THE COMPANY ....................................................................... 39 5.1. The procedures applied in the bankruptcy .................................
plentiful, sunflower oil is used commonly in the manufacture of soaps and detergents. The use of sunflower oil (and other vegetable oils) as a pesticide carrier, and in the production of agrichemicals, surfactants, adhesives, plastics, fabric softeners, lubricants and coatings has been explored. The utility of these applications is usually contingent upon petrochemical feedstock prices. Sunflower oil contains 93% of the energy of US Number 2 diesel fuel (octane rating of 37), and considerable work has been done to explore the potential of sunflower as an alternate fuel source in diesel engines. Blends of sunflower oil and diesel fuel are expected to have greater potential than the burning of pure vegetable oil. D. Non-Oilseed: The use of sunflower seed for birdfeed or in human diets as a snack, has grown consistently over the past 15 years. Varieties used for non-oilseed purposes are characterized by a larger seed size and require slightly different management practices.
PLoS ONE 8(6): e66601. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066601 Editor: Mary Bryk, Texas A&M University, United States of America Received January 24, 2013; Accepted May 7, 2013; Published June 18, 2013 Copyright: ß 2013 Karlep et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (Grant No. 0140108) and the Estonian Science Foundation (Grant No. 9185) (www.etis.ee). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: [email protected]
LEXICOLOGY 1. Size of English vocabulary 1) Old English – 50,000 to 60,000 words Vocabulary of Shakespeare OE – homogeneous; 1/3 of the vocabulary has survived • 884,647 words of running text About 450 Latin loans (Amosova) • 29,000 different words (incl. work, working, Viking invasions added 2,000 worked, which are counted here as separate 2) Middle English – 100,000 – 125,000 words) English becomes heterogeneous (Norman French, • 21,000 words English, Latin), hybrid of Germanic and Romance languages Norman French influence – about 10,000 words, 75 % are still in use (Baugh) Latin influence continues
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