MASS MEDIA By ''mass media '' we intend to those means of communication which can reach large or mass audiences. The most important are probably Television, Radio, the Press and Internet. The English-speaking peoples have always allowed more freedom of speech and of the press than most other countries. This gave them an advantage from the start in communications. The ground work for mass communications in the 20th century was laid in the 19th century by two inventions which allowed people to communicate by wire. These were the electric telegraph and the telephone. The telegraph was invented in Britain in 1837. They were being used in the Civil war
combined area of 18.7 million sq km and a population of 140 million. The vast majority of the population live in the six most populous realms: the UK, Canada, Australia, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, and Jamaica. A Commonwealth realm is a country which shares Queen Elizabeth II as monarch. 8. Crown dependency- consist of the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea and thee Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel. Although internationally, the dependencies are recognised as "territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible", the relationship between the Crown dependencies and the UK is "one of mutual respect and support, i.e. a partnership". In 2007-2008, each Crown Dependency and the UK signed agreements that established frameworks for the development of the international identity of each Crown Dependency. 9
Maturitní otázka c. 23. Means of communication Introduction A few centuries ago people knew only a few kinds of communication. They could speak to each other, they could send their message from one place to another by smoke signals, they used mail. Later on, they also had some newspapers. The first expansion of media was when the radio and television were invented. The second and the biggest boom started in 1960s when the first communication satellite was launched into orbit. There are 4 main media: Newspapers, TV, Radio and the Internet. Today's people take this as an ordinary thing and we don't realise that we nearly can't live without it. Media are very important for us. They give us big amount of information, so big that we can't remember all that things. They help us to understand things and if you have lots of information you are able to make your own decisions. This is connected with
Topic Entertainment & Media The first newspapers were probably handwritten newssheets that government posted in public places. The earliest known newssheet was probably the Acta Diurna (Daily Events). Which began in Rome in 59 B.C. It reported the proceedings of the Roman Senate and such news as births and deaths.The first printed newspaper was a Chinese circular called Dibao. It was printed from carved wooden blocks during the A.D. 700's. The first regular published printed newspaper in Europe was Avisa Relation oder Zeitung of Strasbourg, Germany (now France). It started in 1609. A weekly newssheet established in 1622 was the first printed newspaper in England. The ground work for mass communications in the 20th century was laid in the 19th century by
Why is mass media so attractive to people? Mass media holds a kind of mystique in the minds of the people. It is because the communication is designed in such a way that it appeals to a larger demographic segment. The test of a good mass communication marketing drive is to see if it gets the people talking. If it does, then not only does it mean that the advertising drive has been successful, but the organization in charge of the mass communication is also getting publicity by the word-of-mouth channel! Mass Media Influence It is hard to argue with the fact that mass media has a compelling effect on the human mind. Especially on minds which are more impressionable. For example, the mass media influence on children is understandably higher than it is in adults. So how exactly does mass media influence us? Mass Media Influence on Youth There is a burgeoning need amongst the youth to be accepted as a part of a group, to
Advantages and disadvantages of television Television is one of the greatest achievements of the 20-th century. It is the most popular part of mass media. Today every family has a TV-set. TV has changed much since the time of its invention and so has its role. There have been numerous debates concerning advantages and disadvantages of television. When TV first appeared its main purpose was to give official information to people. It was supported by the government. Now television plays a big role in every civilised society. Today television gives people a possibility to be well informed and enjoy "civilised pleasures." The programmes are various and people have a chance to select what they want to see. Television provides great opportunities for education. There are programmes devoted to specialised subjects. With the help of
Media in my life It goes without saying that mass media have become a necessary part of any modern society. The press, the radio and television play a very important role in peoples life. They inform, educate & entertain us. They also influence the way people look at the world & even make them change their views. In other words, mass media play a very important part in shaping public opinion. Millions of people read popular issues of newspapers & magazines in their spare time. Newspapers publish articles which cover the latest international & national events, give a full coverage of commercial, financial and public affairs. Many people buy newspapers also for the radio & TV programmes which are printed there. A lot of magazines give an opportunity for youth to be in known in the fashion world, cultural life, sensational news & nightlife events; there we can find reports on education & sports.
Nowadays all people use any kinds of different media channels. To take into consideration that most people have all kinds of media devices which they use everyday. For example, general media channels are television, radio, the Internet and newsapers. They differ from eachother. That's why media channels have many advantages and disadvantages. To begin with, media devices have lots of advantages. Most people have TVs. Television is quite popular because people can get easy overview from news. Television also entertains and educates people. There are lots of different channels that forward live picture. For example, CNN, BBC, National Geographic, Discovery Channel, Eurosport. Moreover, radio has its own advantages which others doesn't have. People mostly listen radio in car and work station. Radio is convenient because people get short news and it is entertaining. Also, radio can be listened via mobile or MP3 player. In addition, the Internet is the most popular nowadays
I also picked this problem due to the unawareness of myself and many others. If I help at least one person (excluding myself) to clarify this concern then I've achieved my purpose. European Union is a political and economic union, which has 27 member countries. 17 of them have taken collective currency into use - euro. The main goal of this union is to assure uncommitted movement of citizens, commodities, services and capital. The first usage of euro (as an electronical currency) was in 1999 within banks and enterprises. In 2002 first bank-notes came into money-traffic. The whole value of issued euro coins and notes is over 704 billion euros. In 1995 on 25th November Estonian prime minister Tiit Vähi signed the Kati-Liis Karu 03.01.2011 application, which requested the accession of Estonia into the European Union. As mentioned before, Estonia joined the European Union in 2004. When "we" signed the
broadcast bulletin coverage forecast media brochure campaign edition manual novel a) Read the instruction ..manual. before using your new word-processor. b) 'David Copperfield' is an autobiographical ……………. c) What did it say on the weather …………….? d) This is a party political……………. on behalf of the Democratic Party. e) What time is the next news …………….? f) This channel doesn't have very good sports……………. g) A first……………. of this book is worth a fortune. h) The mass……………. in most countries is dominated by advertising. i) When does our new advertising …………….begin? j) I spent all of yesterday evening looking at this holiday……………. 2. Read the text and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best completes each collocation or fixed phrase.
the world that makes people happy and satisfied with their life Advertising on TV Advertising on TV is a very popular way that companies use to advertise their products. First of all, advertisements on TV are called commercials and to get air time on Tv is very expencive and not every company can offord it. Secondly, TV commercials mingt be the easyest way to advertise products because for example in the radio You can not see the product, you can only hear what people are talking about it. On the other hand, nowadays the popularity of TV commercials is getting smaller because of the Internet. More and more people use Internet more than they watch TV. In conclusion, Allthough advertising on TV is the easyest way to advertise, it might me a bit too expencive for some companies and they shouls consider advertising on the Internet. The role of social security
social activities. The National Union of Students was founded in 1922. It operates through local branches in colleges and universities. It promotes the educational, social and general interests of students. But certainly the most numerous is the Scout Association, founded in 1908 for boys and in 1910 for girls by Lord Baden-Powel. The Scout movement is to encourage a sense of adventure and of responsibility for others among young people. The programme of training is planned to develop intelligence and practical skills, to promote health and a sense of service. Scout training is complementary to the ordinary education. Scouts train in mapping, signalling, first aid and all the skills that arise from camping and similar outdoor activities. British scouts take part in international scout meetings, which are held approximately every four years. The membership in this or that youth organization is not compulsory in Great Britain.
They have made our life more efficient, comfortable and also changed the way we communicate and consume media. Digitalization has also brought us many new platforms and more possibilities for media to reach even more people. The internet is allowing anyone to share information instantly to all over the world. It might be thought that with all these new developments, problems like controlling of the media and deceiving people are gone, but it seems that things are not that clear. When the first newspapers appeared, they were just a part of small businesses, whose goal was to make money by selling the reports of recent events. People bought the papers to stay up to date or read something interesting about a distant occurrence. However the businesses soon changed into not only covering the recent news, but also politics and viewpoints of different people. The newspaper publishers had changed from selling news to being dealers of public opinion. (Habermas, 1991)
Media broadcasting (TV) Maria-Lisett Allak, Jan Kamenski To which time period does the usage of this media refer to? Television refers roughly from the late 1940s to the late 1950s. This period called "The Golden Age of Television" because at that time, the television spread across America very fast. According to The Television Industry: A Historical Dictionary, "the Golden Age opened with Kraft Television Theatre on May 7, 1947 and ended with the last live show in the Playhouse 90( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cHPdXQwRnoc ) series ten years later. Television became available in crude experimental forms in the late 1920s, but it would still be several years before the new technology was marketed to consumers. After World War II, an improved form of black-and-white TV broadcasting became popular in the United States and Britain, and television
...24 WORK CITED……………………………………………………………………………....25 APPENDIX………………………………………………………………………………….26 2 INTRODUCTION Today more and more disputes are caused by the enormous spread of the English language throughout the world. Some scholars claim that it has already become the first global language. And this statement isn't far from truth. But what does it mean to say that a language is a global language? Why is English the language which is usually cited in this connection? How did the situation arise? And could it change? Or is it the case that, once a language becomes a global language, it is there for ever? [1, pg.2] These are fascinating questions to explore, whether your first language is English or not.
.11 3 Introduction English is considered to be one of most important languages in the world. It is one of the official languages of the United Nations. According to research by the British Council, around 375 million people in the world speak English as their native language and English has official or special status in at least seventy-five countries. The British Council has also noted that English is the main language of newspapers, airports and air-traffic control, international business and academic conferences, science, technology, diplomacy and sport. Perhaps even more important contributor to the dominant role of the English language in the world is that over two-thirds of the world's scientists are able to read in English. Three quarters of the world's mail is written in English and eighty per cent of the world's electronic information is stored in English.
Though there are many variations of journalism, the ideal is to inform the intended audience. Along with covering organizations and institutions such as government and business, journalism also covers cultural aspects of society such as arts and entertainment. The field includes editing, photojournalism, and documentary. History of journalism. Ancient journalism. Note: "Journalism" is often called the first draft of history, but not all of it has to get written down in real time. A "Journalist" can write today about events that happened yesterday or a week ago. Definition of "Ancient Journalism" is any historian who wrote about events in his own lifetime, IF he recorded those events within a year or less after they happened, or finished happening. Here are some examples of ancient journalism: Nicolas of Damascus - chief advisor to King Herod the Great, Nicolas also wrote the history of
One of the mysteries is how it was built at all with the technology of the time. Another is its purpose. It appears to function as a kind on astronomical clock and we know it was used by the Druids for ceremonies marking the passing of the seasons. It appears in number of novels. These days it is not only the interest of tourists but is also a gathering point of certain minority groups. It is now fenced off to protect it from damage. 3. The Roman conquest Julius Caesar's first raid was in 55 BC but the romans left. Ad 43- the Romans came to stay. The army established Roman rule in the south and SW of the country. The Romans started to introduce their laws to a new province of the Roman Empire and started to build good roads. Officials were appointed (governors, procurators to collect taxes, look after the estates and mines and se that the gold, silver, iron and lead were exported back to Rome). Introduced schools,a new language Latin, large farms (villas), baths.
BOOKS (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) A book is a set or collection of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment, or other various material, usually fastened together to hinge at one side. A single sheet within a book is called a leaf, and each side of a leaf is called a page. A book produced in electronic format is known as an electronic book (e-book). Books may also refer to works of literature, or a main division of such a work. In library and information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial periodicals such as magazines, journals or newspaper
In britain, the newspaper industry, often called Fleet Street, has a mojar influance on public opinion and is a strong force in political life. Britain's press is unusual in that it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press. The term quality press is used to describe papers, which follow the tradition of the journals of the 18th and early 19th centuries. The 'quality' papers are printed on large papers, have an undramatic layout and are serious in tone. They have editorials which comment on important issues and reflect the political views of the editor. They are more expensive than tabloids. Examples of the quality dailies are The Times, The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, The Independent and the Financial Times. People choose a paper that reflects their own political opinion. The popular press is mainly represented by papers founded after the launching day of the Daily Mail in 1896
Televisiooniprogrammid näitavad vägivalda muinasjutul, multifilme ja lasteprogramme. Televiisori vaatamine võib piirata laste kujutlusvõimet. Kokkuvõtteks arvan ma, et inimesed peaksid piirama televiisori vaatamist ja aktiivselt oma vaba aja veetmist Television is very popular nowadays. Is TV the most popular source where to get information. Almost everyone have an access to a TV. There are a lots of advantages and disadvantages of watching TV. Beginning with the first, we know what is going on all over the world. We know the weather forecast. We can see important events "live", especially sports events, for example : football matches, ski jumps, tennis matches etc. TV also presents lots of scientific programs and nature movies as well. Thus people can increase their knowledge about the world that is surrounding us. Watching a television is a good opportunity to spend a spear time. There are some really interesting programs about for example our hobbies
j) The best act/place/scene in the film is when Jack meets Kate. Task 2. Complete each sentence with a word from the box. Use each word once only. Announcer composre critic editor playwright author conductor director novelist sculptor a) The orchestra would not be so successful with a different .... conductor... b) I want a book on art, but I don't know the name of the …… c) We must see the new film by that Italian …… d) The…… said that the sports programme is on after the news. e) Harry writes for the theatre, but he is not only a …… f) We saw some interesting metal objects made by a French …… g) That's a nice piece of music. Who is the…… ? h) Peter Smith was the only ……who wrote in praise of the film. i) Charles Dickens is probably the best known British …… j) The…… of the newspaper usually decides what it contains. Task 3. Complete each sentence by putting in, on, at or out of in each space. a) Harry Smith is hard at
That is to say that a news agency can choose to omit some things from their broadcast to place a particular "spin" on the events. Using 9-11 as an example: Everyone saw the planes crash into the buildings but none REALLY knows why this happened. Same with the assignation of JFK. Information can be repressed or expounded to create misinformation that leaves us all wondering why. Mass Media refers to all forms of media that are open to and accessible by the public. This includes newspapers, television, internet, magazines, radio etc. Following are the advantages and disadvantages of mass media to the society: Advantages: - Information - News - Entertainment - Communication ( specifically for internet) - Product reviews Disadvantages - Can lead to wrong perceptions - unrest - Panic Examples: Radio Television Newspapers Booklets Posters Flyers/leaflets Loud speakerannouncements Miking Videos/Films Press kits Media guides Town criers Gong gong beater
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A century ago communication across any distance was dependent upon the telegraph or letters. No jets crossed the ocean, no television pictures enabled us instantly to see events in any part of the world, there were no worldwide telephone networks and no computers. It is just a short lifetime since humanity first travelled into space and discovered how fragile our planet looks. FROM FIREWORKS TO THE MOON At first glance you might think that there couldn't possibly be anything common between a 13 th century festival in China and the Apollo 11 moon landing in 1969. However, there is a link and that is that they both relied on the use of rockets. The Chinese first developed rockets by filling bamboo tubes with an explosive made from saltpetre, charcoal, and sulphur. The sealed tubes would be thrown onto fires during celebrations because it was thought that the loud explosions would protect them
For it is not till the electric light is used to spell out some brand name that it is noticed as a medium. Then it is not the light but the "content" (or what is really another medium) that is noticed. The message of the electric light is like the message of electric power in industry, totally radical, pervasive, and decentralized. For electric light and power are separate from their uses, yet they eliminate time and space factors in human association exactly as do radio, telegraph, telephone, and TV, creating involvement in depth. A fairly complete handbook for studying the extensions of man could be made up from selections from Shakespeare. Some might quibble about whether or not he was referring to TV in these familiar lines from Romeo and Juliet: But soft! what light through yonder window breaks? It speaks, and yet says nothing. In Othello, which, as much as King Lear, is concerned with the torment of people transformed
The selection of music varies from jazz to rock and disco. It is a great Estonian party which cannot be found anywhere else in the world. Estonian Song Festival (Laulupidu) The AllEstonian Song Festival (Laulupidu) happens in Tallinn every five years, and gives a privileged insight into Estonian music and culture. Its aim is to bring together all the traditional songs and singers from across the country, as well as guest singers from other countries. The first AllEstonian Song Festival was held in 1869 in the town of Tartu , near the centre of Estonia. Around 870 singers took part, along with 76 musicians. Things have changed a lot, and today, the average festival gathering involves 25,000 participants, including large, joint choirs from all over Estonia
As a reaction, many Canadians attempt to define Canadian culture by their heritage (Canadian Heritage Moment Commercials, Beer Brewing history, peacekeeping, hockey history) and values as different from those of the United States. At the same time, easy access to American media has allowed many Canadian performers and entertainers to succeed internationally in the areas of music, comedy, movies, and television. Confusing the issue further, many Canadian entertainers and Canadian entertainment companies are often assumed to be American performers or American basedcompanies. Also, Americans and Canadian alike, often, assume certain cultural phenomena started in the USA and were later copied by Canadians from Americans, when they often started elsewhere. "Canadian Idol" is a great example. The show actually started in Britain and was first called "Pop Idol". Both the
Television Advertising Pros and Cons According to a recent study by Ball State University on the media consumption habits of average Americans, despite the Internet's steady rise in popularity over the last few years, television remains the dominant medium in most U.S. households. On average, the general population spends over four and a half hours a day in front of the tube, making TV watching one of the most common modern leisure activities. Is it any wonder then that television advertising is also the most powerful form of advertising? Advertising on television allows you to show and tell a wide audience your business, product, or service. It allows you to actually demonstrate the benefits of ownership. You can show how your product or service works and how it's packaged so prospective customers will know what to look for at the point of sale. In advertising, it often takes multiple touch points to effectively influence consumers' purchasing behavior.
It. The Parliamentary triangle The Parliament consists of two houses-the 76-member Senate and the 148-member House of Representatives, so there are total of 224 members in the Parliament. The polity is constitutional monarchy, but in practice, parliamentary democracy. The Head of the government is the Prime minister, who right now is John Howard. People Today Australians are mostly white, but before the first fleet reached Australia in 1788, there were only black people. Most of them live near coasts as the climate there is more fertile and human-friendly. Still there are people who like to live in the country, as there is much land and peace. However, because schools are thousands of kilometers away, children have to learn using special programs on the TV and radio. People living in big cities do not all use cars for moving. Getting to work with a bicycle or
Libraries. We know a lot of things thanks to books, but we do not know exactly when and where they originated, and what should be considered the first book in the world. Ancient document, written on parchment, papyri and vellum can hardly be qualified as books the way we understand the word today. Centuries went before paper replaced parchment and papyri. In the 15 th century Johann Gutenberg invented a mechanical process of duplicating texts, which we today call book printing. The first book was printed between 1444 and 1446, so these years can be considered as the beginning years of book printing. His most important preserved printings are the 40 copies of the Bible. By the end of the 15 th century there were about 1000 print-shops in Europe already. The oldest Estonian book dates back to 1535. Libraries form a vital part of education. They make available-through books,
Facts and figures The Republic of Estonia is a small country. Covering only 45, 228 sq km it is slightly bigger than Denmark, Belgium or Switzerland. Estonia's population is under 1.4 million. The official language is Estonian but since very many Russians live here Russian is also wide spread. The capital of Estonia is Tallinn. The currency used in Estonia is Eesti kroon. The Estonian national flag is blue-black-white. It was originally the flag of the Estonian Students' Society. The flag was first consecrated in Otepää Church in 1884. For a while, during the Soviet occupation, the flag was banned but it was again seen in public in Tartu in May 1988. The national flower is cornflower, the national bird is barn swallow and the national stone is limestone. The Estonian national anthem called "My Native Land, My Pride and Joy" was composed in 1848 by Friedrich Pacius. The Estonian language words were written by J. V. Jannsen. It was officially adopted after the War of Independence in 1920
HECHO EN CHICAGO, U.S.A. SIGNET, SIGNET CLASSICS, SIGNETTE, MENTOR AND PLUME BOOKS are published by The New American Library, Inc., 1301 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10019 FIRST PRINTING, FEBRUARY, 1973 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA To my Parents and my Grandmother Contents A Note on the Abridged Version Preface A Few Words 1. One Day of Magic: I 2. One Day of Magic: II 3. The First 3,000 Years 4. The Rise of the West 5. On the Origin of a Species 6. The Era of the Black Chambers 7. The Contribution of the Dilettantes 8. Room 40 9. A War of Intercepts 10. Two Americans 11. Secrecy for Sale 12. Duel in the Ether: I 13. Duel in the Ether: II 14. Censors, Scramblers, and Spies 15. The Scrutable Orientals 16. PYCCKAJI Kranrojioras 17. N.S.A. 18. Heterogeneous Impulses 19. Ciphers in the Past Tense 20. The Anatomy of Cryptology Suggestions for Further Reading Index
2 comes into the community, because of spider-web mentality, that dollar does not leave the community. They reinvest it by buying from other Indians. Indians have studied the art of being a major economic force in America without antagonizing any particular group. You don’t see them in hostile neighbourhood, where they could be held hostage by the anger of that group. They are mostly in businesses which cater to every group – newspaper retailing, taxi/limousine, gas station ownership, and motel/hotel operators. The Jews have used to some extent this “Spider Web Economic” doctrine, but not on the scale of Indians. The Indians are its best ardent practitioners. It is the only and best economic method I have seen which can easily catapult an economy like ours out of its indolent state. I feel totally librated. I feel free. I feel I am in charge. I am in control. From here on, whatever happens is
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