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Sarnased õppematerjalid

6

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LÜHENDID JA SÜMBOLID

СОКРАЩЕНИЯ И СИМВОЛЫ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ LÜHENDID JA SÜMBOLID A Technological progress Технологический Tehniline progress прогресс AD Aggregate demand Совокупный спрос Kogunõudlus AE Aggregate expenses Совокупные затраты Kogukulutused AFC Average fix cost Средние постоянные Keskmine püsikulu затраты AP Average product Средний продукт Keskmine produkt, toodang APC Average propensity to Средняя склонность к Keskmine tarbimiskalduvus consume потреблению APS Average propensity to Средняя склонность к Keskmine säästmise

Vene keel

13

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Inglise keele majandussõnastik

1. A branded product ­ ............................................firmatoode 2. A cash dispenser ­ ...............................................sularahaautomaat 3. A commission charge ­ .......................................komisjoni tasu 4. A deadline ­ ........................................................(lõpp)tähtaeg 5. A defined goal ­ ..................................................püstitatud eesmärk 6. A detailed benefit analysis segmentation ­ .........läbi viia detailne kasumianalüüs 7. A genuine product ­ ............................................ehtne toode 8. A goal ­ ...............................................................eesmärk 9. A group leader ­ ..................................................kaadriülem 10. A liability ­ .........................................................kohustus 11. A matter-of-fact selling relationship ­ ................asjalik müügi suhe 12. A payment order ­ ...................................

Inglise keel

7

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Pure Competition

Pure Competition Competition The word "competition" may be used in two ways: ­ rivalry ­ (synonym; opposition, antagonism) ­ structural competition or "pure competition" The main characteristics of competition: 1. Number of firms 2. Type of product 3. Control over price 4. Conditions of entry 5. Nonprice competition 6. Information flow Pure Competition · Involves very large numbers of sellers and buyers. · Firms producing identical or homogeneous products. · Standardized product (a product identical to that of other producers). (ex. corn or cucumbers). · Free Entry and Exit: no significant legal, technological, financial, or other obstacles prohibiting new firms from selling their output in any competitive market No control over the price: "Price Takers" (

Micro_macro ökonoomika

5

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Monopolistic competition

Monopolistic Competition Market Power Firms in monopolistic competition or imperfectly competitive markets are more likely to have limited market power because there are many firms with differentiated products (there are substitutes) and there is relative ease of entry and exit into the market Market Power among Sellers · Monopolistic competition - a market with a large number of sellers and relatively free entry; each firm "differentiates" its product. · Oligopoly - a market characterized by significant barriers to entry and "a few "sellers who recognize their interdependence in the market; products may be homogeneous or differentiated. Monopolistic Competition · Large number of sellers · relative ease of exit / entry · products are differentiated ­ actual differentiation ­ pe

Micro_macro ökonoomika

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Inglise keel: 500 sõna majanduserialadele

276 liberal economics liberaalne majandus 277 limited company aktsiaselts (AS) 278 liquidity likviidsus 279 loan balance laenujääk 280 loan term laenuperiood 281 long run pikk perspektiiv 282 long-term loan pikaajaline laen 283 macroeconimics makroökonoomika 284 macroeconomic framework makromajanduse raamistik 285 maintenance of plant and equipment masinate ja seadmete hooldamine 286 man of means jõukas mees 287 management team juhatus 288 manufacturer tootja 289 manufacturing tootmine 290 manufacturing process tootmisprotsess 291 margin piir, määr

Erialane inglise keel

7

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Demand and Supply

MARKET Market system is an interrelated set of markets for goods, services and inputs. A market is defined as the interaction of all potential buyers and sellers of a good or class of goods that are close substitutes. · The markets provide information to agents that may be used to identify and evaluate alternative choices that might be used to achieve objectives. · Each agent acting in a market has incentives to react to the information provided. · Given the information and incentives, agents within markets can adjust to changes. The process of market adjustment can be visualized as changes in demand and/or supply. · Markets include all potential buyers and sellers ­ geographic boundaries of market ­ markets defined by nature of product and characteristics of buyers ­ conditions of entry into market ­ markets, competition and substitutes Markets include all "

Micro_macro ökonoomika

5

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Monopoly

Monopoly Market Power In pure competition sellers are "price takers." ­ No seller (or buyer) has the ability to influence the market price. In most markets, at least one or more of the conditions required for pure competition are violated. This gives sellers or buyers the ability to influence the market price and allocation of resources Pure competition results in an optimal allocation or resources given the objective of an economic system to allocate resources to their highest valued uses or to allocate relative scarce resource to maximize the satisfaction of (unlimited) wants in a cultural context. Pure competition is the ideal that is be benchmark to evaluate the performance markets. The economic theory of · monopolistic competitive markets, · oligopoly and · monopoly is used to suggest the nature of problems that may exist when firms or agents have market power and are a

Micro_macro ökonoomika

7

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The cost of production

The costs of production Production Decisions about production require individual agents to make decisions about the allocation and use of physical inputs. · Objectives of agents, technology, availability and quality of inputs determine the nature of these decisions. Since the objectives are often pecuniary, it is often necessary to relate the decisions about the physical units of inputs and outputs to the costs of production. · If the prices of the inputs and the production relationships are known (or understood), it is possible to calculate or estimate all the cost relationships for each level of output. In practice

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